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A chromosome-scale reference genome of Aquilegia oxysepala ***

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1413-1425页

作者： Jinghe Xie Haifeng Zhao Kunpeng Li Rui Zhang Yongchao Jiang Meimei Wang Xuelian Guo Ben Yu Hongzhi Kong Yuannian Jiao Guixia Xu State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The genus Aquilegia(Ranunculaceae)has been cultivated as ornamental and medicinal plants for *** petal spurs of strikingly diverse size and shape,Aquilegia has also been recognized as an excellent system for evolutionary ***‐mediated selection for longer spurs is believed to have shaped the evolution of this genus,especially the North American ***,however,an opposite evolutionary trend was reported in an Asian lineage,where multiple origins of mini-or even nonspurred morphs have *** as it is,the lack of genomic resources has limited our ability to decipher the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying spur reduction in this special *** long-read sequencing(PacBio Sequel),in combination with optical maps(BioNano DLS)and Hi–C,we assembled a high-quality reference genome of *** ***,a sister species to the nonspurred *** final assembly is approximately 293.2 Mb,94.6%(277.4 Mb)of which has been anchored to 7 pseudochromosomes.A total of 25,571 protein-coding genes were predicted,with 97.2%being functionally *** comparing this genome with that of ***,we detected a large rearrangement between Chr1 and Chr4,which might have caused the Chr4 of *** *** to partly deviate from the“decaying”path that was taken before the split of Aquilegia and *** high-quality reference genome is fundamental to further investigations on the development and evolution of petal spurs and provides a strong foundation for the breeding of new horticultural Aquilegia cultivars.

关键词： striking foundation breeding

The origin and evolution of carpels and fruits from an evo-devo perspective

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第2期65卷 283-298页

作者： Hongyan Liu Jun Li Pichang Gong Chaoying He State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The flower is an evolutionary innovation in angiosperms that drives the evolution of *** carpel is integral to a flower and develops into fruits after fertilization,while the perianth,consisting of the calyx and corolla,is decorative to facilitate pollination and protect the internal organs,including the carpels and ***,the nature of flower origin is carpel and stamen origin,which represents one of the greatest and fundamental unresolved issues in plant evolutionary ***,we briefly summarize the main progress and key genes identified for understanding floral development,focusing on the origin and development of the *** ABC models have played pioneering roles in elucidating flower development,but remain insufficient for resolving flower and carpel *** genetic basis for carpel origin and subsequent diversification leading to fruit diversity also remains *** on current research progress and technological advances,simplified floral models and integrative evolutionary-developmental(evodevo)strategies are proposed for elucidating the genetics of carpel origin and fruit *** birth of a few master regulatory genes and subsequent functional diversification might play a pivotal role in these evolutionary *** the identified transcription factors,AGAMOUS(AG)and CRABS CLAW(CRC)may be the two core regulatory genes for carpel origin as they determine carpel organ identity,determinacy,and ***,a comparative identification of their protein-protein interactions and downstream target genes between flowering and non-flowering plants from an evo-devo perspective may be primary projects for elucidating carpel origin and development.

关键词： AGAMOUS CRABS CLAW carpel origin evo-devo floral development fruit evolution

A new type of cell related to organ movement for selfing in plants

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 190-203页

作者： Yin-Zheng Wang Yan-Xiang Lin Qi Liu Jing Liu Spencer C.H.Barrett State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences China National Botanical Garden College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Pharmacy Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto

Many plants employ osmotic and hydrostatic pressure to generate movement for survival,but little is known about the cellular mechanisms ***,we report a new cell type in angiosperms termed ’contractile cells’ in the stigmas of the flowering plant Chirita pumila with a much-expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER).Cryo-scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the RER is continuously distributed throughout the entirety of cells,confirmed by endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-specific fluorescent lab.ling,and is distinct from the common feature of plant *** RER is water-sensitive and extremely elongated with water *** show that the contractile cells drive circadian stigma closing-bending movements in response to day-to-night moisture ***-seq analyses demonstrated that contractile cells have distinct molecular ***,multiple microstructural changes in stigma movements convert an anti-selfing structure into a device promoting selfing—a unique cellular mechanism of reproductive adaptation for uncertain pollination environments.

关键词： stigma movement rough endoplasmic reticulum contractile cells circadian moisture changes reproductive transition

Floral nectary, nectar production dynamics, and floral reproductive isolation among closely related species of Pedicularis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第2期58卷 178-187页

作者： Ya-Nan Liu Yan Li Fu-Sheng Yang Xiao-Quan Wang State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Institute of Alpine Economic Plant Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lijiang 674100 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Floral nectar is thought to be one of the most important rewards that attract pollinators in Pedicularis; however, few studies have examined variation of nectary structure and/or nectar secretion in the genus, particularly among closely related species. Here we investigated nectary morphology, nectar quality, and nectar production dynamics in flowers of Pedicularis section Cyathophora. We found a conical floral nectary at the base of the ovary in species of the rex-thamnophila clade. Stomata were found on the sudace of the nectary, and copious starch grains were detected in the nectary tissues. In contrast, a semi-annular nectary was found in flowers of the species of the superba clade. Only a few starch grains were observed in tissues of the semi-annular nectary, and the nectar sugar concentration in these flowers was much lower than that in the flowers of the rexthamnophila clade. Our results indicate that the floral nectary has experienced considerable morphological, structural, and functional differentiation among closely related species of Pedicularis. This could have affected nectar production, leading to a shift of the pollination mode. Our results also imply that variation of the nectary morphology and nectar production may have played an important role in the speciation of sect. Cyathophora.

关键词： Pedicularis nectary nectar pollination reproductive isolation speciation section Cyathophora

Soil Stabilizing Capability of Three Plant Species Growing on the Three Gorges Reservoir Riverside

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 888-896页

作者： Norbert Tenten 曾波 Marian Kazda Key lab.ratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences Southwest China University Institute of systematic botany and Ecology Ulm University

Plant regrowth capacity and soil protection were investigated using three flooding-tolerant Yangtze River riverside species （Arundinella anomala, Hemartria compressa and Cynodon dactylon）. The root and leaf surface growth, the plant regrowth capacity and the mitigation of soil runoff were analyzed using potted plants that were covered with 5, 10 and 18 cm new sediments, respectively. A. anomala reacted most slowly to the recovery from new sediments, while H. compressa had the highest recovery rates. The latter could produce 24 times the initial root length and 41 times its original leaf surface during the growth period of 12 weeks. C. dactyion showed no significant change in growth in relation to the rising sediment thickness, which means that even 18 cm of new sediments were tolerated by C. dactylon. Erosion tests showed that all three plant species can reduce the soil runoff by more than 63%. Compared to other species, A. anomala was less capable of stabilizing new sediments. The soil protecting abilities of H. compressa decreased after more than 10 cm of new sediments. C. dactyion showed the best soil retention compared to the other species examined, since it could reduce the soil runoff up to 87%. Consequently, C. dactylon was found to be significantly better for soil-protection plant species than A. anomala and H. compressa given the conditions at the Three Gorges Reservoir.

关键词： Three Gorges Reservoir plant regrowth capacity soil runoff soil stabilizing plantgrowth.

Variation in Floral Sex Allocation and Reproductive Success in Sequentially Flowering Inflorescence of Corydalis remota var. lineariloba(Fumariaceae)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第3期51卷 299-307页

作者： Yan-Fei Zeng Wei-Ning Bai Yu Zhou Da-Yong Zhang Ministry of Education Key lab.ratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

In hermaphroditic plants, female reproductive success often varies among different positions within an inflorescence. However, few studies have evaluated the relative importance of underlying causes such as pollen limitation, resource limitation or architectural effect, and few have compared male allocation. During a 2-year investigation, we found that female reproductive success of an acropetally flowering species, Corydalis remota Fisch. ex Maxim. var. lineariloba Maxim. was significantly lower in the upper late developing flowers when compared with the lower early flowers. Supplementation with outcross pollen did not improve female reproductive success of the upper flowers, while removal of the lower developing fruits significantly increased female reproductive success of the upper flowers in both years, evidencing resource limitation of the upper flowers. Female production in upper flowers was greatly improved by simultaneous pollen supplementation of the upper flowers and removal of the lower fruits, suggesting that, when resources are abundant, pollen may limit the female reproductive success of the upper flowers. The less seed mass in the upper flowers didn＇t increase in all treatments due to architecture. In the upper flowers, ovule production was significantly lower and the pollen ： ovule ratio was significantly higher. These results suggest that male-biased sex allocation in the upper flowers may lead to increased male reproductive success, whereas the lower flowers have higher female reproductive success.

关键词： architectural effect Corydalis remota var. lineariloba pollen limitation reproductive success resource limitation sequentially flowering sex allocation.

Behavior of Meiotic Chromosomes in Pinus wallichiana,*** and Their Hybrid and nrDNA Localization in Pollen Mother Cells of the Hybrid by Using FISH

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第3期50卷 360-367页

作者： Hui-Sheng Deng Da-Ming Zhang Cheng-Xin Fu De-Yuan Hong College of Life Science Zhejiang Univers ty Hangzhou 310029 China Department of Bio-Chemistry Liuzhou Teachers College Liuzhou 545003 China Key State lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

The complete process of meiosis was investigated in Pinus wallichiana, P. strobus and their artificial hybrid （F1） using microsporocytes. It is revealed that there were slightly lower chiasma frequency, lower ring bivalent frequency, lower meiotic index and distinctly higher frequency of aberrance （chromosomal bridges, fragments or micronuclei） in pollen mother cells （PMCs） of the hybrid （F1） than those of the parental species, which showed a certain degree of differentiation between homologous chromosomes of the two parents. However, relatively higher frequency of ring bivalents and higher meiotic index in all the three entities indicate the great stability of genomes of parental species, and the differentiation of genomes between the two parents must have been slight. Total nineteen signal loci of 18S rDNA were observed in nine bivalents of the hybrid （F1）, among which one bivalent bears two loci, while the others have only one. It is suggested that distinct differentiation at genetic level existed in homologous chromosomes of the two parental species, whereas only slight differentiation at karyotypic and genomic levels take place between the parent species.

关键词： FISH interspecific hybrid meiotic behavior rDNA Pinus strobus Pinus wallichiana

Population transcriptomics reveals a potentially positive role of expression diversity in adaptation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第3期57卷 284-299页

作者： Qin Xu Shilai Xing Caiyun Zhu Wei Liu Yangyang Fan Qian Wang Zhihong Song Wenhui Yang Fan Luo Fei Shang Lifang Kang Wenli Chen Juan Yan Jianqiang Li Tao Sang State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key lab.ratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of Sciences Key lab.ratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture Wuhan Botanical Gardenthe Chinese Academy of Sciences

While it is widely accepted that genetic diversity determines the potential of adaptation,the role that gene expression variation plays in adaptation remains poorly *** we show that gene expression diversity could have played a positive role in the adaptation of Miscanthus ***-seq was conducted for 80 individuals of the species,with half planted in the energy crop domestication site and the other half planted in the control site near native habitats.A leaf reference transcriptome consisting of 18,503 high-quality transcripts was obtained using a pipeline developed for de novo assembling with population RNA-seq *** population structure and genetic diversity of *** were estimated based on 30,609 genic single nucleotide *** expression（Ep） and expression diversity（Ed）were defined to measure the average level and the magnitude of variation of a gene expression in the population,*** was found that expression diversity increased while genetic Resediversity decreased after the species was transplanted from the native habitats to the harsh domestication site,especially for genes involved in abiotic stress resistance,histone methylation,and biomass synthesis under water *** increased expression diversity could have enriched phenotypic variation directly subject to selections in the new environment.

关键词： Adaptation artificial selection de novo assembling expression variation genetic diversity Miscanthus lutarioriparius population transcriptome

Pliocene charcoals from Shanxi Province of China and their application to studies of prehistoric wildfires

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第4期54卷 509-518页

作者： CHENG YeMing JIANG XiaoMei LI ChengSen WANG YuFei Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Geological Museum of China Beijing 100034 China Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Charcoals collected from the middle-late Pliocene sediments of the Taigu Basin,Shanxi Province,China,have been identified as Ulmus sp.(Ulmaceae),Prunus sp.,Maloidoxylon sp.(Rosaceae),and Maclura sp.(Moraceae).These taxa,along with the previously known fossils,indicate the occurrence of temperate climate and local wildfire at that *** of trees and/or shrubs and the morphological changes of these charcoals demonstrate that crown fires and surface fires occurred in the Taigu Basin during the middle-late Pliocene.

关键词： Charcoal Uimus Prunus Maioidoxylon Maclura wildfire Pliocene China