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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 133-142页

作者： Martin Unterseher Anne Petzold Martin Schnittler Institute of botany and Landscape Ecology Department of Systematic BotanyErnst-Moritz-Arndt UniversityGrimmer Str.8817487 GreifswaldGermany

Fungal research on non-lichenized taxa in xeric and other unusual habitats for fungi is comparatively scarce but constantly reveal an enormous ecological and functional adaptiveness of these organisms to *** holds true in the topmost forest canopies as well as in marine,arctic,antarctic or desert *** the present study dried leaves of Populus euphratica from a continental desert area in Central China were investigated for endophytic fungi 6 weeks after sampling by cultivation of small leaf ***-five species,many of them well-known from extreme environments,were delimitated from as few as 58 isolates by a combined analysis of morphotypes,micromorphology and ITS ***-analyses revealed pronounced conspecificity to endophytes from Populus tremula leaves,but significant differences to foliar endophytic assemblages in Pinus monticola and Fagus *** deduced high similarity of endophytic communities on both Populus species compared with that on Pinus and Fagus suggests that many fungal phyllosphere species show a well-pronounced host preference,at least for their endophytic *** addition,it demonstrates that leaving leaves as a microhabitat might provide similar conditions such as constantly high relative humidity,regardless of the surrounding climatic *** evolution of extremotolerance might be of particular importance for retaining competitiveness of foliar endophytes in deciduous host trees after loss of pathogenicity.

关键词： Frost-drought tolerance Extremophile Alternaria Cladosporium Penicillium Evolution of endophytism

Disentangling confusions in inflorescence morphology:Patterns and diversity of reproductive shoot ramification in angiosperms

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Journal of systematics and Evolution 2010年第4期48卷 225-239页

作者： Peter K.ENDRESS Institute of systematic botany University of Zurich

Terminology of inflorescence diversity has often been used in a confusing way in the literature,partly because it was based on uncritical and outdated *** particular,the terms cyme,thyrse,and panicle have been *** a more critical classification worked out by several authors is availab.e,it is unfortunately not in general use because most of the relevant publications are written in *** addition,some terms have not been used in the same way by morphologists and developmental *** present review attempts to remedy the situation with a simple outline of a classification based on:(i)different branching patterns;(ii)differential elongation of axes of different orders;and(iii)repetition of basic ramification patterns in different *** and cymose branching are two extreme patterns;the former with limitation of axial orders to two,the second with limitation of lateral axes of each order to *** a branching system,a sequence of racemose→cymose and,within the cyme,of dichasial→monochasial is common,but the reverse sequence generally does not *** and evolutionary aspects of inflorescences are briefly *** patterns are often stable in larger *** of mutants studied in developmental genetic studies are mainly altered in flower or branch numbers or relative branch length,but not in branching *** is also a contribution towards the goal of a unified terminology for the different fields of biology dealing with inflorescences.

关键词： branching patterns cymose inflorescence panicle racemose reproductive shoot thyrse

Evolutionary History and Complementary Selective Relaxation of the Duplicated PI Genes in Grasses

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第8期53卷 682-693页

作者： Ruo-Xun Wei Song Ge State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Gene duplication plays an important role in the evolution of organisms by allowing functional innovation and the divergence of duplicate genes. Previous studies found two PI-like genes in grass species, sug- gesting functional divergence between the paralogous copies. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of two PI genes from major lineages of grasses and other monocot species, and demonstrated that two PI genes （PI1 and PI2） arose from a whole genome duplication that occurred in a common ancestor of extant grasses. Molecular evolutionary analyses at the family and tribal levels found strong purifying selection acting on two genes in grasses, consistent with the conserved class B function of the PI genes. Importantly, we detected different patterns of selective relaxation between the duplicated PI genes although no signature of positive selection was found. Likelihood ratio tests revealed that the ω ratio for M domain is significantly higher in PI1 than in PI2 but that for K domain is significantly higher in PI2 than in PI1. These findings imply that complementary selective relaxation occurs in two PI genes after duplication, and provide additional molecular evidence for the subfunctionalization of the duplicated PI genes in grasses.

关键词： evolution selective relaxation duplication PI genes grasses.

Evolution of genes and genomes in the genomics era

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 602-605页

作者： Song Ge Ya-Long Guo State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences100093 BeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina

During recent decades,we have witnessed substantial technological advances and revolutions in DNA *** range and scope of DNA sequencing applications has expanded tremendously,which have impacted all the disciplines of life sciences and even beyond(Shendure et al.,2017).The low-cost,high-throughput sequencing has brought vast new molecular and genomic data from both model and non-model organisms,and enables us to study the patterns and processes of evolution and the mechanisms underlying in an unprecedented scale and *** particular,genomic data plus sophisticated computational techniques and molecular biology have been combined in the dimension of evolution.

关键词： expanded enable Evolution

Functional significance of genetic polymorphisms

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Frontiers in Biology 2009年第3期4卷 266-270页

作者： Yingqing LU State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Natural genetic polymorphisms are gifts from nature and sources of variations at all *** postgenomic era permits new perspectives on interpreting genetic polymorphisms and also poses challenges for scientists to answer system *** than a comprehensive coverage of genetic polymorphisms upto-date,this review attempts to present some of the results in a somewhat coherent manner to highlight the needs and potentials of pertinent studies.

关键词： omics genetic polymorphism metabolic pathway functional significance neutral status

Duplication and Divergence of Floral MADS-Box Genes in Grasses： Evidence for the Generation and Modification of Novel Regulators

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第6期49卷 927-939页

作者： Guixia Xu Hongzhi Kong State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

The process of flowering is controlled by a hierarchy of floral genes that act as flowering time genes, inflorescence/floral meristem Identity genes, and/or floral organ-identity genes. The most important and well-characterized floral genes are those that belong to the MADS-box family of transcription factors. Compelling evidence suggests that floral MADS-box genes have experienced a few large-scale duplication events. In particular, the precore eudicot duplication events have been considered to correlate with the emergence and diversification of core eudicots. Duplication of floral MADS-box genes has also been documented in monocots, particularly In grasses, although a systematic study is lacking. In the present study, by conducting extensive phylogenetlc analyses, we identified pre-Poaceae gene duplication events in each of the AP1, P1, AG, AGL11, AGL2/3/4, and AGL9gene lineages. Comparative genomic studies further indicated that some of these duplications actually resulted from the genome doubling event that occurred 66-70 million years ago （MYA）. In addition, we found that after gene duplication, exonization （of intron sequences） and pseudoexonization （of exon sequences） have contributed to the divergence of duplicate genes in sequence structure and, possibly, gene function.

关键词： divergence Oryza sativa gene duplication genome doubling event grasses MADS-box genes.

The Genome of Opium Poppy Reveals Evolutionary History of Morphinan Pathway

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2018年第6期16卷 460-462页

作者： Yiheng Hu Ran Zhao Peng Xu Yuannian Jiao State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Plants, as primary producers, have been playing an indispensable role in other organisms’ survival and the balance of whole ecosystem on Earth. Especially, they provide the main source of energy, food, and medicine f... 详细信息

关键词： The Genome of Opium Poppy Reveals Evolutionary History of Morphinan Pathway Figure

Paleoecology of Oligocarpia gothanii Halle from the Middle Permian of Southeastern Shanxi,North China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第4期89卷 1063-1075页

作者： HE Xuezhi WAN Mingli YAN Mengxiao CHENG Chen WANG Shijun WANG Jun State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany (LSB) Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences LPS Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fossil ferns are abundant and diverse in the Permian Cathaysian Flora of Shanxi, North China. Although plants assemblages of the Carboniferous and Permian have been extensively investigated, their palaeoecology and especially the paleoecology of ferns has not been studied in detail. Recent reinvestigation of Oligocarpia gothanii has revealed its growth habit and cloning reproduction strategy, but most previous studies lack integrated sedimentological and taphonomic data. In this study, new materials of O. gothanii have been collected from a floodplain setting in the middle Permian Lower Shihhotse Formation of southeastern Shanxi. These plant fossils were found in a lenticular claystone associated with rooting structures. They are characterized by aphlebia at the base of the penultimate rachis. Sedimentological, taphonomic and morphological analyses were conducted to understand the growth habit and ecology of the fern. The result indicates that the Oligocarpia gothanii had a prostrate, ground cover growth habit, and was dominant in pioneer floras that colonized disturbed floodplains.

关键词： palaeoecology plant taphonomy middle Permian Oligocarpia gothanii Halle

Molecular Characterization of a Dehydroascorbate Reductase from Pinus bungeana

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第11期51卷 993-1001页

作者： Hai-Ling Yang Ying-Ru Zhao Cai-Ling Wang Zhi-Ling Yang Qing-Yin Zeng Hai Lu College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR） plays a critical role in the ascorbate-glutathione recycling reaction for most higher plants. To date, studies on DHAR in higher plants have focused largely on Arabidopsis and agricultural plants, and there is virtually no information on the molecular characteristics of DHAR in gymnosperms. The present study reports the cloning and characteristics of a DHAR （PbDHAR） from a pine, Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. The PbDHAR gene encodes a protein of 215 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 24.26 kDa. The predicted 3-D structure of PbDHAR showed a typical glutathione S-transferase fold. Reverse transcripUon-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the PbDHAR was a constitutive expression gene in P. bungeana. The expression level of PbDHAR mRNA in P. bungeana seedlings did not show significant change under high temperature stress. The recombinant PbDHAR was overexpressed in Escherichia coil following purification with affinity chromatography. The recombinant PbDHAR exhibited enzymatic activity （19.84 ***/min per mg） and high affinity （a Krn of 0.08 mM） towards the substrates dehydroascorbate （DHA）. Moreover, the recombinant PbDHAR was a thermostable enzyme, and retained 77% of its initial activity at 55℃. The present study is the first to provide a detailed molecular characterization of the DHAR in P. bungeana.

关键词： cloning dehydroascorbate reductase enzyme activity gymnosperm.

Late Miocene wood flora associated with the Yuanmou hominoid fauna from Yunnan, southwestern China and its palaeoenvironmental implication

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2014年第3期3卷 323-330页

作者： Ye-Ming Cheng Yu-Fei Wang Cheng-Sen Li The Geological Museum of China State Key lab.ratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Upper Miocene Xiaohe Formation of the Yuanmou Basin in Yunnan Pro- vince, southwestern China, is famous for its hominoid fauna and is important for studying the Late Cenozoic human and mammal evolution. Abundant fossil wood was found associated with this fauna, which provided important evidence for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the basin. Among the fossil wood, two different taxa have been identified namely, Quercoxylon sp. （Fagaceae） and Pterocarya sp. （Juglandaceae）. Based on the habitats of their Nearest Living Relatives （NRLs）, it is suggested that upland subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by QuercuslLithocarpus was common around the basin, while a lowland deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated by Pterocarya was present on the river bank of the basin during the Late Miocene.

关键词： fossil wood Quercoxylon Pterocarya palaeovegetation Late Miocene,Yuanmou Basin