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Hybrid Rice Seed Treatment with Pesticides Improves Its Physiological Quality and Performance

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第14期6卷 2405-2411页

作者： Andréia da Silva Almeida César Iván Suárez Castellanos Cristiane Deuner Adilson Jauer Thais Ongaratto de Camargo Cristian Troyjack Geri Eduardo Meneglhelo Francisco Amaral Villela Paulo Dejalma Zimmer Lilian Madruga de Tunes PPG em Ciência e Tecnologia de Sementes Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil syngenta crop protection Pelotas Brazil

Pathogens in the soil or transmitted by seeds can reduce the stand of plants, affecting the yield of the crop. Furthermore, in the case of rice, the low temperature is a limiting factor in culture. The treatment of seeds with insecticides is an alternative to reduce the damage caused by pests incidents during the early stages of plant development and in some cases, may assist in the germination of seeds exposed to low temperatures. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seed treatment with insecticides in the physiological quality and yield of hybrid rice seeds, cv. Inov CL. For this, three experiments were conducted with treated seeds in different doses of thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin and fipronil totaling seven treatments, including the control (no product). In the first experiment, it was determined seed germination to 10°C, 13°C, 16°C, 20°C and 25°C. In the second experiment, it was assessed seed vigor through accelerated aging, cold test and emergency field. The third experiment was carried out into the field to observe the number of panicles m-2 and crop yield. It is concluded that treatment of hybrid rice seeds, cv. Inov CL with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin and fipronil increases the germination percentage of seed and early seedling performance. Treatment of hybrid rice seeds, cv. Inov CL with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin provides greater germination and early seedling performance compared to treatment with fipronil. Treatment of hybrid rice seeds, cv. Inov CL with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin in dosages of 500 mL 100 kg-11 of seeds or 500 mL 45 kg-1 of seeds increases grain yield.

关键词： Oryza sativa L. Vigor Yield Potential

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Physiological Performance of Common Bean Seeds Treated with Bioactivator with and without Moisture Restriction

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3769-3776页

作者： Andréia da Silva Almeida Francisco Amaral Villela Villela Geri Eduardo Meneghello Cristiane Deuner Lilian Madruga de Tunes Paulo Dejalma Zimmer Adilson Jauer PPG em Ciência e Tecnologia de Sementes Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brasil syngenta crop protection Pelotas Brasil

The commonbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important agricultural crop due to its nutritional properties. Insecticides and fungicides employed to control pests and diseases in the common bean may cause as yet unknown effects on the plant’s morphology and metabolism. Bioactivators are complex organic substances, capable of exerting modification upon growth patterns, plant DNA transcription, gene expression, metabolic enzymes and mineral nutrition. Thiamethoxam insecticide has shown positive action on the enhancement of vigor expression, phytomass accretion and the promotion of deeper root systems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of thiamethoxam on the physiological performance of common bean seeds. Seeds from cultivars Pérola and IAPAR Siriri were treated to thiamethoxam concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mL·kg-1 seed. Physiological quality was measured through tests for germination value, first count, cold test, accelerated aging and seedling shoot and root lengths, all undertaken in the presence and absence of moisture stress. Thiamethoxam stimulated the physiological performance of common bean seeds under moisture stress or in the absence of it, with levels varying according to cultivar and seed lot. The best physiological seed performance was obtained within the range of 200 mL·kg-1 seed to 400 mL·kg-1 seed.

关键词： Phaseolus vulgaris L. Bioactivator Seeds Vigor

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Physiological Performance of Rice Seeds Treated to Thiamethoxam and Placed under Storage

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3788-3795页

作者： Andreia da Siva Almeida Cristiane Deuner Carolina Terra Borges Adilson Jauer Geri Eduardo Meneghello Lilian Madruga de Tunes Francisco Amaral Villela Paulo Dejalma Zimmer PPG em Ciência e Tecnologia de Sementes Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brasil syngenta crop protection Pelotas Brasil

High-yielding crops can only achieve their potential when the appropriate technological tools are applied and weather conditions do not impose restrictions. One such technological tool is the treatment of seeds, in which different products are used and, in some cases, cause little-known effects capable of modifying the plant’s metabolism and/or its morphology. The insecticide thiamethoxam alters the plant’s physiology and morphology, accelerating its development, thus enhancing its vigor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of thiamethoxam on the physiological performance of rice seeds during storage. The research was conducted in a green-house and at the laboratory of the Department of Plant Science, Faculty of agronomy Eliseu Maciel —UFPel (Federal University of Pelotas). Rice seeds from cultivars INIA Olimar and El Paso L144 were treated to a commercial product containing 350 grams of active ingredient thiamethoxam at doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 g per 100 kg of seed. Seeds were tested for physiological quality immediately after being treated (check treatment) and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months under storage, through germination test, cold test, accelerated aging and greenhouse emergence test. The concentration range from 200 to 400 g a.i. 100 kg-1 seed yielded the highest germination and seed vigor values for both rice cultivars during the storage period.

关键词： Oryza sativa (L.) Bioactivator Vigor Seed Viability

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Transient silencing mediated by in vitro synthesized double-stranded RNA indicates that PsCdc14 is required for sporangial development in a soybean root rot pathogen

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2011年第12期54卷 1143-1150页

作者： ZHAO Wei YANG XinYu DONG SuoMeng SHENG YuTing WANG YuanChao ZHENG XiaoBo College of Plant protection Key Laboratory of lntegrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests Ministry of Education of China Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

In many eukaryotic organisms, Cdcl4 phosphatase regulates multiple biological events during anaphase and is essential for mitosis. It has been shown that Cdcl4 is required for sporulation in the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans; howev- er, the role that the Cdcl4 homolog （PsCdcl4） plays in the soil-borne soybean root rot pathogen P. sojae remains ambiguous. PsCdc14 is highly expressed in spornlation, zoospore, and cyst life stages, but not in vegetative mycelia and infection stages, suggesting that it contributes to asexual reproduction and thus the spread of the disease. Double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） medi- ates gene silencing, a post-transcriptional and highly conserved process in eukaryotes, involving specific gene silencing through degradation of target mRNA. We combined in vitro dsRNA synthesis and a polyethylene glycol-mediated transfor- marion system to construct a dsRNA-mediated transient gene silencing system; and then performed a functional analysis of PsCdcl4 in P. sojae. PsCdc14 mRNA was dramatically reduced in transformants after protoplasts were exposed in in vitro synthesized PsCdc14 dsRNA, resulting in low sporangial production and abnormal development in P. sojae silencing lines. Furthermore, dsRNA-mediated transient gene silencing could enable elucidation of P. sojae rapid gene function, facilitating our understanding of the development and pathogenicity mechanisms of this oomycete fungus.

关键词： Phytophthora sojae PsCdc14 sporangium transient gene silencing

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The potential of trehalose to replace insect hemolymph in artificial media for Trichogramma dendrolimi （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae）

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 629-636页

作者： Xin Lu Shi-Chou Han Li-Ying Li Simon Grenier Patrick De Clercq Guangdong Entomological Institute Guangzhou China UMR BF21 INRAIINSA Lyon France Department of crop protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Insect additives have been shown to improve the value of artificial media for Trichogramma species, but at the same time maintain dependence on parallel cultures of host insects. In the present study, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura was reared in vitro from egg to adult on artificial media with different contents of pupal hemolymph of Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi （Guérin-Méneville） and with supplements of distilled water, or of trehalose dissolved in water or in Grace＇s insect medium. The results indicated insect hemolymph was the key component of artificial medium. Developmental parameters, including rates of parasitism, pupation, adult emergence and normal adults, and numbers of produced adults, were increased on media supplemented with trehalose even when the proportion of pupal hemolymph was reduced. Two artificial media, the first containing 30% hemolymph and 10% trehalose in water with 98.9% parasitism rate, 77.7.0% pupation rate, 77.2% emergence rate, 80.0% normal adult rate and 333 produced adults, and the second containing 25% hemolymph and 15% trehalose in Grace＇s insect medium with 97.8% parasitism rate, 91.0% pupation rate, 85.2% emergence rate, 76.1% normal adult rate and 757 produced adults, were believed to hold potential to mass produce T. dendrolimi. The use of trehalose to partially replace pupal hemolymph in artificial medium of this and other Trichogramma species may contribute to a significant reduction in their production cost and may as such help to evade problems related to short supplies of lepidopteran eggs, which currently constitute the main factitious host for the mass rearing of the parasitoids.

关键词： artificial medium in vitro rearing trehalose Trichogramma dendrolimi

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Genetics and Molecular Mapping of a High-Temperature Resistance Gene to Stripe Rust in Seeding-Stage in Winter Wheat Cultivar Lantian 1

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2013年第6期12卷 1018-1025页

作者： MA Dong-fang JING Jin-xue HOU Dong-yuan LI Qiang ZHOU Xin-li DU Jiu-yuan LU Qing-lin State Key Laboratory of crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Wheat Research Institute Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is a severe foliar disease of common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） in the world. Resistance is the best approach to control the disease. The winter wheat cultivar Lantian 1 has high-temperature resistance to stripe rust. To determing the gene（s） for the stripe rust resistance, Lantian 1 was crossed with Mingxian 169 （M169）. Seedlings of the parents, and F 1 , F 2 and F 2-3 progenies were tested with races CYR32 of Pst under controlled greenhouse conditions. Lantian 1 has a single partially dominant gene conferred resistance to race CYR32, designated as YrLT1. Simple sequence repeat （SSR） techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to YrLT1. A linkage group of five SSR markers was constructed for YrLT1 using 166 F 2 plants. Based on the SSR marker consensus map and the position on wheat chromosome, the resistance gene was assigned on chromosome 2DL. Amplification of a set of nulli-tetrasomic Chinese Spring lines with SSR marker Xwmc797 confirmed that the resistance gene was located on the long arm of chromosome 2D. Because of its chromosomal location and the high-temperature resistance, this gene is different from previously described genes. The molecular map spanned 29.9 cM, and the genetic distance of two close markers Xbarc228 and Xcfd16 to resistance gene locus was 4.0 and 5.7 cM, respectively. The polymorphism rates of the flanking markers in 46 wheat lines were 2.1 and 2.1%, respectively; and the two markers in combination could distinguish the alleles at the resistance locus in 97.9% of tested genotypes. This new gene and flanking markers should be useful in developing wheat cultivars with high level and possible durable resistance to stripe rust.

关键词： Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici high-temperature resistance genetic analysis molecular mapping

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Isolation and molecular characterization of entomopathogenic nematode,Heterorhabditis *** an arable land in Nigeria

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2021年第10期20卷 2706-2715页

作者： Fisayo Y.DARAMOLA Osarenkhoe O.OSEMWEGIE Stephen O.OWA Samuel B.ORISAJO Evbuomwan IKPONMWOSA Elizabeth T.ALORI Department of Microbiology Landmark UniversityOmu Aran 370102Kwara StateNigeria crop protection Division Cocoa Research Institute of NigeriaIbadan 200257Oyo StateNigeria Department of crop and Soil Sciences Landmark UniversityOmu Aran 370102Kwara StateNigeria

The occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)in arable soil samples from Nigeria was investigated using Baermann extraction tray and insect-bait(White’s trap)*** were tested for infectivity using the larvae of Galleria mellonella(greater moth)and Tenebrio molitor(mealworm).The study revealed a new species of Heterorhabditis(MT371593)in soil samples that were randomly collected from an arable farmland cultivated with cassava TMS-30572 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Landmark University,*** of the internal transcribed spacer region(ITS)of the ribosomal DNA produced a nucleotide sequence of 933 base pairs(bp).A BLASTN search of GenBank showed that the sequence of the Nigerian isolate is identical at 99%similarity to that of Heterorhabditis *** *** test of the isolate showed 100%mortality against *** larvae within 48 h of exposure while only 80%mortality was recorded for *** after 1 week of *** is the first account of Heterorhabditis *** *** varying degrees of infectivity against mealworm and greater moth observed in this study proved that the Nigerian isolate of Heterorhabditis *** potentially be an attractive option in the management of insect pests of cash crops.

关键词： biological control EPNs Heterorhabditis sp. ribosomal DNA Tenebrio molitor

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Effect of Azoxystrobin on Oxygen Consumption and cyt b Gene Expression of Colletotrichum capsici from Chilli Fruits

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agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第5期8卷 628-631页

作者： CHEN Yu JIN Li-hua ZHOU Ming-guo College of Plant protection Nanjing Agricultural University~Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and PestInsects Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210095 P.R. China

Azoxystrobin acts as an inhibitor of electron transport by binding to the Qo center of cytochrome b （cyt b）. Resistance to azoxystrobin was usually caused by the point mutation of cyt b gene or by the induction of alternative respiration. Oxygen consumption test for mycelia of Colletotrichum capsici showed that azoxystrobin inhibited mycelial respiration within 12 h; however, as time went on, the respiration of the mycelia recovered when the mycelia were treated with azoxystrobin and salicylhydroxamic acid （SHAM, a known inhibitor of alternative respiration）, and the oxygen consumption of the mycelia could not be inhibited. Meanwhile, cytochrome b （cyt b） gene expression increased with the recovery of mycelial respiration. The increased cyt b gene expression might play a role in the development of resistance to azoxystrobin in C. capsici.

关键词： QoI fungicides gene expression chili fungal respiration azoxystrobin resistance

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The general odorant receptor GmolOR9 from Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is mainly tuned to eight host-plant volatiles

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1233-1243页

作者： Li-Hui Chen Ke Tian Gui-Rong Wang Xiang-Li Xu Ke-Hang He Wei Liu Jun-Xiang Wu State Key Laboratory of crop Stress Biology in Arid areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina

Grapholita molesta is one of the most destructive fruit pests distributed *** receptors(ORs)located on the dendritic membrane of chemosensory neurons are deemed to be key molecules for sensing exogenous chemical *** this study,GmolOR9,a general OR from ***,was functionally *** real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that GniolOR9 was more highly expressed in adults than in other stages,including eggs,larvae,and ***9 expression was highly significantly more in the antennae of females than in those of males,and the highest level occurred in the antennae of 3-day-old female ***9 was broadly tuned to eight of 47 odorant components tested including(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate,butyl propionate,ethyl hexanoate,ethyl heptanoate,1-hexanol,(Z)-3-hexenol,2-ethyl-1-hexanol,and linalool,by in vitro heterologous ***,electroantennogram responses indicated that the efTects of dsOR9-injected females to(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate dramatically *** results suggested that GmolOR9 might be involved in detecting hostplant ***,(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate might serve as a potential attractant for the biological control of ***.

关键词： Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth odorant receptor volatiles

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Gene cloning and expression of aminopeptidase N and cadherin from midgut of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis

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Insect Science 2010年第5期17卷 393-399页

作者： Hong-Kun Yu Hao Ghen Yong-Jun Zhang Kong-Ming Wu Ge-Mei Liang Ze-Wen Liu Yu-Yuan Guo State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of crop Diseases and Pest Insects Ministry of Agriculture College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker is one of the most important insect pests on rice in Asia, north Africa and southern Europe. Transgenic Bt rice has been developed in the laboratory with good resistance to this pest and other Lepidopteran insects, which will provide a possible alternative tool for this pest control. The full-length cDNAs encoding an aminopeptidase N （CsAPN） and a cadherin （CsCad） were cloned from C. suppressalis. CsAPN showed common features of, and high identities to, other insect APNs in its deduced amino acid sequence. Although a full-length cDNA encoding cadherin-like protein has been reported in GenBank, the newly isolated cadherin here （CsCad） showed some differences in its amino acid sequence, especially at the 7th cadherin repeat region （CR7）, which indicated the newly isolated CsCad might be another allele. CsAPN and CsCad were successfully expressed in insect Tn cells, and the blot analysis showed these two proteins could bind Bt toxin CrylAb. The results will provide valuable information for the studies of toxin mode of action and the possible toxin resistance mechanisms in this pest.

关键词： aminopeptidase N cadherin Chilo suppressalis heterologous expression,Tn cells

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