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THE ROLE OF PHOSPHORUS IN crop protection:EXPERIMENTAL AND COMMERCIAL DISEASE AND WEED CONTROL AGENTS

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THE ROLE OF PHOSPHORUS IN CROP PROTECTION:EXPERIMENTAL AND C...

Susceptibility of northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） to mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab Bacillus thuringiensis proteins

第17届国际磷化学大会

作者： Roger G.Hall syngenta crop protection Switzerland

＜正＞Although the importance of Organophosphate insecticides is steadily declining, Phosphorus still plays an important role in crop protection. Glyphosate continues to dominate the herbicide market,

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 913-917页

作者： Isaac O. Oyediran Phillip Matthews Narendra Palekar Wade French Jared Conville Tony Burd syngenta crop protection LLC Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA USDA ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory Brookings SD 57006 USA

The susceptibility of the northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi （Smith ＆ Lawrence） to mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） was determined using a diet bioassay. Northern corn rootworm neonates were exposed to different concentrations of mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab, incorporated into artificial diet. Larval mortality was evaluated after 7 d. The mCry3A and eCry3.1 Ab proteins were found to be toxic to the northern corn rootworm larvae. The LCs0 and LC99 values for mCry3A were 5.13 and 2482.31 μg/mL, respectively. For eCry3.1Ab, the LC50 and LC99 values were 0.49 and 213.01 μg/mL. Based on the estimated lethal concentrations, eCry3, lab protein was more efficacious to northern corn rootworm larvae than mCry3A. These lethal concentration values will be used as diagnostic doses for routine annual monitoring for change in susceptibility of field collected northern corn rootworm to mCry3A, and eCry3.1Ab toxins.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis Diabrotica barberi eCry3.1Ab mCry3A susceptibility

Morphological and molecular characterizations of cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924 from the Czech Republic

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第3期16卷 532-539页

作者： Shesh Kumari Division of crop protection and Plant Health Crop Research Institute Prague 16106 Czech Republic

The cereal cyst nematode,Heterodera avenae Wollenweber,1924,is a major pest of cereal crops throughout the world and causes serious yield losses,especially of *** studies have shown that this species is widely distributed in the Czech *** this study,seven populations of *** were molecularly studied,and one population was morphologically *** regions（18S,28S,and internal transcribed spacer 1）of ribosomal DNA were sequenced and the analysis of the 18S gene of six populations did not reveal any variation,whereas the internal transcribed spacer 1and 28S sequences of six populations differed by only two nucleotides from a population in？*** and quick identification of cereal cyst nematodes is important for effective control measures and ribosomal sequence analyses of seven populations in this study will be useful in future phylogenetic studies of Heterodera *** in the Czech Republic.

关键词： Heterodera avenae PCR ribosomal DNA sequencing nematode

Elite,transformable haploid inducers in maize

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The crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 314-319页

作者： Brent Delzer Dawei Liang David Szwerdszarf Isadora Rodriguez Gonzalo Mardones Sivamani Elumalai Francine Johnson Samson Nalapalli Rachel Egger Erin Burch Kerry Meier Juan Wei Xiujuan Zhang Huaping Gui Huaibing Jin Huan Guo Kun Yu Yubo Liu Becky Breitinger Ana Poets Jason Nichols Wan Shi David Skibbe Qiudeng Que Timothy Kelliher Seeds Development Syngenta SeedsJanesvilleWI 53546USA Seeds Research Syngenta Biotechnology China Co.Ltd.Beijing 102206China Centro de Investigación de Cultivos Arica Syngenta R&DArica 1000000Chile syngenta S.A. Proyecto la SoledadGraneros 2880000Chile Seeds Research Syngenta Crop Protection LLCRTPNC 27709USA Seeds Development Syngenta SeedsSlaterIA 50244USA

The introduction of alleles into commercial crop breeding pipelines is both time consuming and *** technologies that are disrupting traditional breeding processes are doubled haploid(DH)breeding and genome editing(GE).Recently,these techniques were combined into a GE trait delivery system called HI-Edit(Haploid Inducer-Edit).In HI-Edit,the pollen of a haploid inducer line is reprogrammed to deliver GE traits to any variety,obviating recurrent *** HI-Edit to operate at scale,an efficient transformable HI line is needed,but most maize varieties are recalcitrant to transformation,and haploid inducers are especially difficult to transform given their aberrant reproductive *** marker assisted selection and a three-tiered testing scheme,we report the development of new Iodent and Stiff Stalk maize germplasm that are transformable,have high haploid induction rates,and exhibit a robust,genetically-dominant anthocyanin native trait that may be used for rapid haploid *** show that transformation of these elite‘‘HI-Edit”lines is enhanced using the BABYBOOM and WUSCHEL morphogenetic ***,we evaluate the HI-Edit performance of one of the lines against both Stiff Stalk and non-Stiff Stalk *** strategy and results of this study should facilitate the development of commercially scalable HI-Edit systems in diverse crops.

关键词： Zea mays L Doubled haploids Transformation Genome editing QTL

Quantitative analysis of the interaction of heterologous viruses with Plum pox virus in C5 HoneySweet transgenic plums

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2302-2310页

作者： Khushwant Singh Tereza Neubauerová Jiban Kumar Kundu Plant Virus and Vector Interactions Group Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health Crop Research Institute

Stone fruits are an important crop in most parts of the world and are heavily challenged by several viruses including Plum pox virus (PPV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). We validated the PPV resistance in C5 plum plants (commercially known as HoneySweet) grown in the Czech Republic for more than 16 years in a field trial experiment under natural environmental conditions. We quantified single (PPV-Rec) and mixed viruses (PPV-Rec+ACLSV, PPV-Rec+PDV and PPV-Rec+ACLSV+PDV) in C5 transgenic plums inoculated for the period 2016 to 2018. The accumulation of PPV-Rec was high (~5.43E+05 copies) compared with that of ACLSV (~8.70E+04 copies) in the inoculated graft of C5 transgenic plants. Leaves close to the inoculum sources showed a differential level of virus titre in single and mixed infections (~10 to ~5×10^2 copies). C5 plants with permanent virus pressure showed 103- to 105-fold fewer copies of viruses than those of the inoculated graft. We observed high accumulation of conserved miRNAs such as miR167, miR69 and miR396 in C5 plants co-infected with PPV, ACLSV and PDV that are associated with its resistance against viruses. Overall, i) C5 transgenic plums showed high resistance to PPV infection, and a low level (~32 copies) of PPV only accumulated in some grafted plants, ii) high accumulation of PPV was found in inoculated grafts in single PPV infection and mixed infections, iii) heterologous virus infection sustained by ACLSV or PDV did not suppress PPV resistance, and iv) high and low conserved microRNAs accumulated in C5 plants.

关键词： PPV PDV ACLSV C5 HoneySweet resistance

Fine Mapping and Identification of a Novel Locus FwS1 associated with Pea Resistance to Fusarium Wilt

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Fine Mapping and Identification of a Novel Locus FwS1 associ...

Combined Pangenomics and Transcriptomics Reveals Core and Redundant Virulence Processes in A Rapidly Evolving Fungal Plant Pathogen

中国植物病理学会2023年学术年会

作者： CHEN Hongxin KING Robert SMITH Dan BAYON Carlos ASHFIELD Tom TORRIANI Stefano KANYUKA Kostya HAMMOND-KOSACK Kim BIERI Stephane RUDD Jason syngenta crop protection AG

Pea Fusarium wilt,induced by Fusarium oxysporum ***(Fop),has always been a devastating disease that causes severe yield losses and economic damage in pea-growing regions *** utilization of pea cultivars carrying a resistance gene is the most efficient approach for managing this *** our previous pea accessions screening,we obtained a disease-resistant cultivar Shijiadacaiwan 1(S1) which carries a confirmable disease resistance gene,*** study aimed to finely map and identify FWS1,as well as develop(corresponding functional *** trait loci sequencing(QTL-seq),based on the whole-genome resequencing(WGRS) of S1(resistant),Y4(susceptible),and their extreme susceptible phenotype bulks from a 67 F population,was performed,and a 982-kb genomic region with ASNP-index≥0.9 on chromosome 6 was identified as the FwS1 candidate region in ***,the candidate region was refined to a 16.8-kb region via fine mapping,employing QTL-seq analysis with supplemental extreme resistant phenotype bulks,and expanding the F population to 593 *** SNPs were carried out in the 16.8-kb region among eight pea genotypes using genomic *** specific nonsynonymous SNP was confirmed in an NB-ARC(nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by APAF-1,R proteins,and CED-4) domain by haplotype analysis of 201 accessions,whose corresponding gene was considered to be the candidate ***,one specific SNP marker in this decided loci was successfully developed using KASP(Kompetitive allele specific PCR) assay,and the marker was verified to be specific for *** this study,we employed a genome-based integrative strategy combining WGRS and traditional genetic mapping to identify the candidate gene for FwSl and develop *** results suggest that WGRS is a precise,rapid,and cost-effective method to identify candidate genes and develop diagnostic markers,and it can accelerate the identification of resistance genes to pea Fu

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Combined Pangenomics and Transcriptomics Reveals Core and Re...

Sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils

中国植物病理学会2023年学术年会

作者： CHEN Hongxin KING Robert SMITH Dan BAYON Carlos ASHFIELD Tom TORRIANI Stefano KANYUKA Kostya HAMMOND-KOSACK Kim BIERI Stephane RUDD Jason syngenta crop protection AG

Studying genomic;variation in rapidly evolving pathogens potentially enables identification of genes supporting their "core biology",being present,functional and expressed by all strains or " flexible biology",varying between *** supporting flexible biology may be considered to be " accessory",whilst the "core" gene set is likely to be important for common features of a pathogen species biology,including virulence on all host *** wheat-pathogenicfungus Zymoseptoria tritici represents one of the most rapidly evolving threats to global food security and was the focus of this ***,we constructed a pangenome of 18 European field isolates,with 12 also subjected to RNAseq transc;ription profiling during *** this data,we predicated a " coreμgene set comprising 9807 sequences which were(1) present in all isolates,(2) lacking inactivating polymorphisms and(3) expressed by all isolates.A large accessory genome,consisting of 45% of the total genes,was also *** classified genetic and genomic polymorphism at both chromosomal and individual gene *** required for essential functions including virulence had lower-than average sequence variability amongst core *** core and accessory genomes encoded many small,secreted candidate effector proteins that likely interact with plant *** vector-mediated transient in planta overexpression of 88 candidates failed to identify any which inducted leaf necrosis characteristic of ***,functional complementation of a non-pathogenic deletion mutant lacking five core genes demonstrated that full virulence was restored by re-introduction of the single gene exhibiting least sequence polymorphism and highest *** data support the combined use of pangenomics and transcriptomics for defining genes which represent core,and potentially exploitable,weaknesses in rapidly evolving pathogens.

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 1-10页

作者： Mingxing GAO Yingying LI Hong YANG Yucheng GU Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China syngenta Nantong crop protection Co. Ltd. Nantong Economic & Technological Development Area Nantong 226009 China syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY UK

Pymetrozine is a selective insecticide with a unique chemical structure and mode to control hemipteran and homopteran. While pymetrozine has brought great benefits to crop production by killing insects, its residues in soil may have a detrimental effect on environment. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate its behaviors in soil. In this study, the sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils were investigated using a batch equilibrium approach to understand its mobile behavior in the soils. Both sorption and desorption isotherms ofpymetrozine were in good agreement with the Freundlich model. The sorption coefficient KF varied between 3.37 and 58.32 mL. g-1 and the sorption isotherms were nonlinear, with 1/n ranging from 0.57 to 0.91. A regression equation was proposed to predict the solption of pymetrozine on six different soil samples： log KF = 4.3708 - 4.5709 × log （pH in 0.01mol·L-1 CaC12）＋ 0.4700 × log OC% ＋ 0.0057 × sand （%）＋ 0.0022 × CEC（clay）, with R2 = 0.9982. The organic carbon content of soil positively affected the sorption ofpymetrozine, but soil pH had a negative effect on the sorption. Additionally, effects of CaC12 concentration, soil to solution ratio and pesticide form were investigated. The sorption was promoted with an increase in soil to solution ratio and a decrease in CaC12 concentration. The possible variation of the five formulated products of pymetrozine was also investigated.

关键词： pymetrozine sorption desorption soil

Comparative effects of insecticides with different mechanisms of action on Chrysoperla externa （Neuroptera＂ Chrysopidae）＂ Lethal, sublethal and dose-response effects

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Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 743-752页

作者： Moises Joao Zotti Anderson Dionel Grutzmacher Isac Heres Lopes Guy Smagghe UGent-crop protection Ghent Oost-Vlaanderen Belgium UFPel - Phytosanitary Pelotas RS Brazil

The comprehensive knowledge that the delayed systemic and reproduction side effects can be even more deleterious than acute toxicity, has caused a shift in focus toward sublethal effects assessment on physiology and behavior of beneficial insects. In this study, we assessed the risks posed by some insecticides with different mode of action through lethal and delayed systemic sublethal effects on the pupation, adult emergence, and repro- duction of the chrysopid Chrysoperla externa （Hagen, 1861; Neuroptera： Chrysopidae）, an important predator in pest biological control. The maximum field recommended dose （MFRD） and twice （2xMFRD） for chlorantraniliprole, tebufenozide, and pyriproxyfen were harmless to C. externa. In contrast, all the tested chitin synthesis inhibitors （CSIs） were highly detrimental to the predator, despite of their lack of acute lethal toxicity. There- fore, the safety assumed by using IGRs toward beneficial insects is not valid for chrysopids. Dose-response data showed that although all CSIs have a similar mechanism of action, the relative extent of toxicity may differ （novaluron 〉 lufenuron 〉 teflubenzuron）. For CSIs, the delayed systemic effects became obvious at adult emergence, where the predicted no observable effect dose （NOED） was 1/2 048 of the MFRD for novaluron （0.085 ng/insect）, and 1/256 of the MFRD for both lufenuron （0.25 ng/insect） and teflubenzuron （0.6 ng/insect）. Finally, this work emphasized the significance of performing toxicity risk assessments with an adequate posttreatment period to avoid underestimating the toxicities of insecticides, as the acute lethal toxicity assays may not provide accurate information regarding the long-range effects of hazardous compounds.

关键词： Chrysoperla externa dose-response effects ecotoxicology IGRs insecti-cide risk assessment topical application