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Inspires effective alternatives to backpropagation:predictive coding helps understand and build learning

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3215-3216页

作者： Zhenghua Xu Miao Yu Yuhang Song school of Health sciences and biomedical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjinChina Department of Computer Science University of OxfordOxfordUK

Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human *** enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the prediction errors,referred to as credit assignment(Lillicrap et al.,2020).It is critical to develop artificial intelligence by understanding how the brain deals with credit assignment in neuroscience.

关键词： assignment learning enable

Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： Muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin Lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of biomedical sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Microglial dysfunction and genetic risk for neurodegenerative disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1401-1402页

作者： Debra S.MacDonald Jay Penney Department of biomedical sciences AVCUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPECanada

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases a re increasing in prevalence as world populations *** tremendous progress has been made,our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the development of these diseases remains far from com *** troubling,despite the growing emotional and financial toll being to ken by neurodegenerative disorders,existing treatment options are limited almost exclusively to those that help manage symptoms but that lack the ability to alter the progression of the disease(Liu et al.,2022).

关键词： degenerative diseases

Estimation of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and characteristics of atmospheric PAHs at a traffic site in Kanazawa,Japan

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2025年第3期149卷 57-67页

作者： Xuan Zhang Hao Zhang YanWang Pengchu Bai Lulu Zhang Akira Toriba Seiya Nagao Nobuo Suzuki Masato Honda Zhijun Wu Chong Han Min Hu Ning Tang Graduate school of Medical sciences Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-1192Japan school of Civil Engineering Architecture and EnvironmentHubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068China Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-1192Japan Graduate school of biomedical sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki 852-8521Japan College of Environmental sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China school of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health ScienceKanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-1192Japan

Size-fractionated particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM>_(2.5))was collected at a traffic site in Kanazawa,Japan in a seasonal sampling work in *** polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(4-to 6-ring PAHs)were determined in fine and coarse *** gas/particle partitioning coefficients(K_(p))of the PAHs were calculated from the supercooled liquid vapour pressure and octanol-air partitioning coefficient based on the relationships obtained in previous traffic pollution-related *** PAHs were estimated by K_(p) and the concentrations of PM and particulate *** concentrations of total PAHs were 32.5,320.1 and 5646.2 pg/m^(3) in the PM>_(2.5),PM_(2.5) and gas phases,*** seasonal trends in PAHs were observed(particle phase:lowest in summer,gas phase:lowest in spring,particle and gas phase:lowest in spring).Compared to 2019,the total PAH concentrations(in particles)decreased in 2020,especially in spring and summer,which might be due to reduced traffic trips during the COVID-19 *** incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)calculated from the toxic equivalent concentrations relative to benzo[a]pyrene(BaP_(eq))was lower than the acceptable limit issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency,indicating a low cancer risk in long-term exposure to current PAH *** is notable that gaseous PAHs considerably contributed to BaP_(eq) and ILCR(over 50%),which highlighted the significance of gaseous PAH monitoring for public health *** low-cost estimation method for gaseous PAHs can be expected to reliably and conveniently obtain PAH concentrations as a surrogate for traditional sampling in the future work.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Gas-particle partitioning Traffic Exposure-response relationship COVID-19

On Halmos'third problem on Banach spaces

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第2期68卷 399-420页

作者： Lixin Cheng Junsheng Fang Chunlan Jiang school of Mathematical sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China school of Mathematical sciences Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050016China

In 1970,Halmos posed ten open problems in Hilbert *** third problem asks:If an intransitive operator T has an inverse,is its inverse also intransitive?This question is closely related to the invariant subspace *** Enflo's celebrated counterexample on l_(1)provided a negative answer to the invariant subspace problem,the Banach space version of Halmos'third problem has attracted increasing *** this paper,we provide an affirmative answer to this problem under certain spectral *** an application,we show that for an invertible operator T with Dunford's property(C),if T-1is intransitive and there exists a connected componentΩof intσ(T-1)^(^)off the origin and satisfiesΩ∩ρF(T-1)≠φ,then T is also ***,we show that a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a bounded linear operator without nontrivial invariant subspaces on the infinite-dimensional space L1(Ω,Σ,μ)(resp.C(K),the space of bounded continuous functions on a complete metric space K)is that(Ω,Σ,μ)isσ-finite(resp.K is compact).

关键词： invariant subspace bounded linear operator Banach space

DNA walker induced “signal on” fluorescence aptasensor strategy for rapid and sensitive detection of extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 328-331页

作者： Gaojian Yang Zhiyang Li Rabia Usman Zhu Chen Yuan Liu Song Li Hui Chen Yan Deng Yile Fang Nongyue He State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Department of Clinical Laboratory the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Hunan Key Laboratory of biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices Hunan University of Technology Institute of Cytology and Genetics School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Institute for Future sciences University of South China

The extracellular vesicles show great potential as a noninvasive biomarker for the early detection of cancer. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to create biosensors that are time-saving, simple, and easily scalable in order to accomplish rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of extracellular vesicles. In this study, we present a self-propelled DNA walker powered by endonuclease *** CI, which enables the development of a “signal on” sensing platform for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of extracellular vesicles. The DNA motor employed tracks made of streptavidin magnetic beads, which consisted of substrate strands labeled with fluorescein and motor strands locked by aptamers. The aptamer recognition of the target protein on extracellular vesicles unlocked the motor strand, initiating the DNA motor process. After replacing the optimal buffer solution containing the endonuclease *** I, the motor strands autonomously moved along the streptavidin magnetic beads track, continuously releasing fluorescent molecules and producing detectable fluorescence signals. Under optimal conditions, the detection range was from 2×10～4particles/mL to 2×10～9particles/mL, with a detection limit of 2.9×10～3particles/mL,demonstrating excellent selectivity. This method has demonstrated good selectivity in different tumorderived extracellular vesicles and performs well in complex biological samples. The ability to effectively analyze surface proteins of extracellular vesicles in a short period of time gives our DNA walker a tremendous potential for developing simple and cost-effective clinical diagnostic devices.

关键词： Aptamer Detection Extracellular vesicles Nt.BbvCI Streptavidin magnetic beads

Molecular dynamics simulations of helium transport through inorganic mineral nanopores

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Science China Earth sciences 2025年第1期68卷 237-252页

作者： Dandan SONG Ping GUAN Chi ZHANG Jiahao REN school of Earth and Space sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

Helium transport through nanoscale inorganic mineral pores and pore throats is essential for its overall *** elucidate helium's transport dynamics within nanopores,we employed equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate helium's static self-diffusion and pressure-driven flow in quartz slit-shaped *** also introduced water and various gases,including hydrogen,methane,ethane,nitrogen,and carbon dioxide,into the nanopores to assess their influence on helium *** findings indicate minimal helium adsorption on quartz pore *** conditions where the pore size is less than 5 nm and the pressure under 10 MPa,environmental factors markedly influence helium *** pore sizes,high temperatures,and low gas pressures enhance helium desorption and facilitate faster *** observed a positive correlation between helium flow velocity and factors such as pore size,pressure gradient,and surface smoothness of the ***,the presence of pore water and carrier gases in quartz nanopores,which diffuse more slowly than helium,tends to reduce helium surface adsorption and slow its *** the carrier gases studied,nitrogen showed similar adsorption capacity,diffusivity,and stability to helium,while carbon dioxide displayed the highest adsorption capacity and the slowest diffusion rate,markedly differing from *** on the simulation results,we concluded that water and carrier gases primarily function as transport mediums in helium migration,moving together with ***,which shares similar properties with helium,effectively assists in this co-migration ***,carbon dioxide,due to its high adsorption capacity and slow diffusion,tends to be lost during *** a result,gas reservoirs with high nitrogen levels and low carbon dioxide levels are more likely to have higher helium ***,the smaller pore sizes and higher gas pressures in caproc

关键词： Helium transport Slit nanopores Molecular dynamics simulations Diffusion Flow carriers

Making bridges between preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： David VC Brito Clévio Nóbrega Algarve biomedical Center-Research Institute(ABC-RI) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algarve biomedical Center-(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Faculty of Medicine and biomedical sciences(FMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether th... 详细信息

关键词： bridges becoming insight

Long-time asymptotic behavior for the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the solitonic region

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第2期68卷 379-398页

作者： Gaozhan Li Yiling Yang Engui Fan school of Mathematical sciences and Key Laboratory of Mathematics for Nonlinear sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

In this paper,we extend theδ^(-)-steepest descent method to study the Cauchy problem for the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger(NNLS)equation with weighted Sobolev initial data iqt+qxx+2σq^(2)(x,t)q(−x,t)=0,q(x,0)=q0(x),where q0∈H^(1,1)(R).Based on the spectral analysis of the Lax pair,the solution of the Cauchy problem is expressed in terms of the solution of a Riemann-Hilbert problem,which is transformed into a solvable model after a series of *** further obtain the asymptotic expansion of the solution to the Cauchy problem for the NNLS equation in the solitonic *** leading term is soliton solutions,the second term is the interaction between solitons and dispersion,and the error term comes from a correspondingδ^(-)-*** with the asymptotic results on the classical NLS equation,the major difference is the second and third terms of the asymptotic expansion for the NNLS equation,which were affected by a function depending on the scattering data and the stationary phase point.

关键词： nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation Riemann-Hilbert problem δ^(-)-steepest descent method soliton resolution