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Controlling schistosomiasis with praziquantel:How much longer without a viable alternative?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 654-663页

作者： Robert Bergquist Jürg Utzinger Jennifer Keiser Ingerod BrastadSweden swiss tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland

The current approach of morbidity control of schistosomiasis,a helminth disease of poverty with considerable public health and socioeconomic impact,is based on preventive chemotherapy with *** is a pressing need for new drugs against this disease whose control entirely depends on this single drug that has been widely used over the past 40 *** argue that a broader anthelminthic approach supplementing praziquantel with new antischistosomals targeting different parasite development stages would not only increase efficacy but also reduce the risk for drug *** drugs already approved for other diseases provides a shortcut to clinical trials,as it is expected that such drugs rapidly pass the regulatory *** antischistosomal properties of antimalarial drugs(e.g.,semisynthetic artemisinins,synthetic trioxolanes,trioxaquines and mefloquine)and of drugs being developed or registered for other purposes(e.g.,moxidectin and miltefosin),administered alone or in combination with praziquantel,have been tested in the laboratory and clinical *** avenue to follow is the continued search for new antischistosomal properties in ***,we summarise recent progress made in schistosomiasis chemotherapy,placing particular emphasis on repositioning of existing drugs against schistosomiasis.

关键词： Chemotherapy Drug repositioning Elimination Morbidity control Praziquantel Schistosomiasis

Elimination of tropical disease through surveillance and response

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 1-5页

作者： Xiao-Nong Zhou RobertBergquist Marcel Tanner National Insttute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025People's Republic of China WHo Collaborating Centre for Malaria Schistosomiasis and FilarlasisKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BlologyMinistry of HealthShanghal 200025People's Republic of China Ingerod 407BrastadSweden Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxBasel CH4002 Swizerand University of Basel P.O.BoxBasel CH4003Switzerland

Surveillance and response represent the final crucial steps in achieving effective control and particularly elimination of communicable diseases as recognized in the area of neglected tropical diseases(NTDs),applied in increasing numbers in endemic countries with ongoing control and elimination *** and more national NTD elimination initiatives are scheduled based on the innovative and effective one world-one health perspective to detect pockets of transmission and disease ***-constrained countries,which carry the heaviest NTD burdens,face various challenges how to strengthen the health system as well as developing effective and novel tools for sureillance and response tailored to local ***-response approaches take place in two different stages oralling the basic components of the sureillance response system for NTD *** different research priorities have been identified:(1)dynamic mapping of transmission,(2)near real-time capture of population dynamics,(3)modelling based on a minimum essential database/dataset,(4)implementation of mobile health(m-health)and sensitive diagnostics,(5)design of effective response packages tailored to different transmission settings and levels,and( 6)validation of approaches and responses packages.

关键词： elimination tropical neglected

Towards a science of rabies elimination

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 175-177页

作者： Jakob Zinsstag swiss tropical and Public Health Institute Associated Institute to the University of BaselPO Box CH-4002BaselSwitzerland

Wenwu Yin and co-workers conducted a systematic review on challenges and needs to eliminate rabies in China(Yin et al.,2013 in this journal).Their analysis shows that there is considerable overrepresentation of laboratory and basic epidemiology *** the other hand,information on effective control activities and policies are nearly *** we know enough to control and eliminate dog rabies *** basic research while not engaging in the control of rabies appears almost *** is it not attractive to do research on effective control and elimination?Let us move now from the biological understanding to the science of rabies elimination.

关键词： Rabies Dog China Control Elimination

Surveillance-response systems: the key to elimination of tropical diseases

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 157-166,156页

作者： Ernest Tambo Lin Ai Xia Zhou Jun-Hu Chen Wei Hu Robert Bergquist Jia-Gang Guo Jürg Utzinger Marcel Tanner Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Biochemistry Department Center for Sustainable Malaria ControlFaculty of Natural&Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaHatfield 0028South Africa WHo Collaborating Centre for Malaria Schistosomiasis and FilariasisKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of HealthShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Sochow University Suzhou 215123People’s Republic of China School of Life Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China Ingerod 407 BrastadSweden Department of Control of Neglected tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationAvenue Appia 20CH-1211 GenevaSwitzerland Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland

tropical diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing *** combined health efforts brought about significant improvements over the past 20 years,communities in resource-constrained settings lack the means of strengthening their environment in directions that would provide less favourable conditions for ***,the impact of infectious diseases is declining worldwide along with progress made regarding responses to basic health problems and improving health services delivery to the most vulnerable *** London Declaration on Neglected tropical Diseases(NTDs),initiated by the World Health organization’s NTD roadmap,set out the path towards control and eventual elimination of several tropical diseases by 2020,providing an impetus for local and regional disease elimination *** diseases are often patchy and erratic,and there are differing priorities in resources-limited and endemic countries at various levels of their public health *** order to identify and prioritize strategic research on elimination of tropical diseases,the‘First Forum on Surveillance-Response System Leading to tropical Diseases Elimination’was convened in Shanghai in June *** strategies and the NTD roadmap were reviewed,followed by discussions on how to identify and critically examine prevailing challenges and opportunities,including inter-sectoral collaboration and approaches for elimination of several infectious,tropical diseases.A priority research agenda within a‘one Health-one World’frame of global health was developed,including(i)the establishment of a platform for resource-sharing and effective surveillance-response systems for Asia Pacific and Africa with an initial focus on elimination of lymphatic filariasis,malaria and schistosomiasis;(ii)development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and antimalarial therapies;(iii)rigorous validation of surveillance-response systems;an

关键词： tropical diseases Control Elimination Surveillance-response system Global health China

In vitro-in vivo studies on anti-trypanosomal potentials of Zapoteca portoricensis

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2009年第1期2卷 25-29页

作者： Nwodo NJ omeje Eo Bran R Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology Swiss Tropical InstituteCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland

objective:Aqueous extracts of Zapoteca portoricensis are used traditionally as antidiarrhea agent and in the treatment of diverse gastrointestinal disorders here in Nigeria specifically,the southern ***,the aqueous extract of the plant is also used traditionally as anticonvulsant,antispasmodic and in the treatment of *** too,the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extracts of the root of Zapoteca portoricensis was *** this research,we are set to investigate the trypanocidal activity of Zapoteca ***:The methanol extract of the root of Zapoteca portoricensis was investigated for both in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity following established *** summary,phytochemical analysis was carried out on both the crude powdered root and on the methanol extract following standard procedures. The oral acute toxicity test(LD50 ) of the crude methanol extract was determined according to the method described by Lorke（1983）.Albino mice（17g-21g） of either sex were *** methanol extract was suspended in 3%v/v tween 85 and administered orally at doses of 10 mg/kg,100 mg/kg and 1 000 mg/kg to three groups of mice（n = 3 ）.The animals were observed for 24 *** on the result obtained in this initial test,doses of 4 mg/kg,6 mg/kg,and 8 mg/kg were administered to three different *** LD50 was calculated as the geometric mean of the lowest dose killing a mouse and the highest dose showing no *** invivo /in-vitro antitrypanosomal evaluations were carried out in experimental animals and tissue cell culture respectively. Results:The result of the in vitro studies shows the inhibitive concentration-50（IC-50） against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense（***） to be 0.372 mg/kg,while the control drug melarsoprol was 0.006 mg/*** Trypanosoma brucei brucei（***）,the IC-50 is 6.42 mg/kg against 0.87 of the reference drug *** cytotoxicity on L-6 c

关键词： Zapoteca portoricensis Trypanocidal effects T.b.rhodensiense T.cruzi In vitro/in vivo model

Prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-ouest regions of Burkina Faso

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 140-153页

作者： Severine Erismann Astrid M.Knoblauch Serge Diagbouga Peter odermatt Jana Gerold Akina Shrestha Grissoum Tarnagda Boubacar Savadogo Christian Schindler Jürg Utzinger Gueladio Cisse swiss tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland Institut de Recherches en Sciences de la Sante P.O.Box 7192Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso Kathmandu University P.O.Box 625045200 DhulikhelNepa

Background:Multiple factors determine children’s nutritional status,including energy and nutrient intake,recurrent infectious diseases,access(or lack thereof)to clean water and improved sanitation,and hygiene practices,among ***“Vegetables go to School:improving nutrition through agricultural diversification”(VgtS)project implements an integrated school garden programme in five countries,including Burkina *** aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and its risk factors among schoolchildren in Burkina Faso before the start of the ***:In February 2015,a cross-sectional survey was carried out among 455 randomly selected children,aged 8-14 years,in eight schools in the Plateau Central and Centre-ouest regions of Burkina *** status was determined by anthropometric *** and intestinal protozoa infections were assessed using the Kato-Katz and a formalin-ether concentration method.A urine filtration technique was used to identify Schistosoma haematobium *** of anaemia was determined by measuring haemoglobin levels in finger-prick blood *** were administered to children to determine their knowledge of nutrition and health and their related attitudes and practices(KAP).Questionnaires were also administered to the children’s caregivers to identify basic household socio-demographic and economic characteristics,and water,sanitation and hygiene(WASH)*** determine the factors associated with schoolchildren’s nutritional status,mixed logistic regression models were *** and associations were considered statistically significant if P-values were below ***:Complete datasets were available for 385 *** prevalence of undernutrition,stunting and thinness were 35.1%,29.4%and 11.2%,*** multivariable analysis revealed that undernutrition was associated with older age(i.e.12-14 years compared toodds ratio(aoR)=3

关键词： Anaemia Burkina Faso Intestinal parasitic infections School garden Undernutrition Water sanitation and hygiene(WASH)

Prevalence of diarrhoea and risk factors among children under five years old in Mbour,Senegal:a cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 976-987页

作者： Sokhna Thiam Aminata N.Diene Samuel Fuhrimann Mirko S.Winkler Ibrahima Sy Jacques A.Ndione Christian Schindler Penelope Vounatsou Jurg Utzinger ousmane Faye Gueladio Cisse swiss tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland Departement de Geographie UniversiteCheikh Anta Diop de DakarBP 5005 DakarSenegal Centre de Suivi Ecologique BP 15532 Dakar-FannSenegal Departement de Biologie Animale UniversiteCheikh Anta Diop de DakarBP 5005 DakarSenegal

Background:Diarrhoeal diseases remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity among children,particularly in low-and middle-income *** Senegal,diarrhoea is responsible for 15%of all deaths in children under the age of five and is the third leading cause of childhood *** targeted planning and implementation of prevention strategies,a context-specific understanding of the determinants of diarrhoeal diseases is *** aim of this study was to identify risk factors of diarrhoeal diseases in children under the age of five in Mbour,***:Between February and March 2014,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in four zones of Mbour to estimate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases(*** episodes in the 2 weeks preceding the survey)and associated risk *** zones covered urban central,peri-central,north peripheral and south peripheral ***,596 households were surveyed by a questionnaire,yielding information on sociodemographic,environmental and hygiene behavioural *** and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of ***:The reported prevalence of diarrhoea among children under the age of five during the 2 weeks preceding the survey was 26%.Without adjustment,the highest diarrhoea prevalence rates were observed in the peri-central(44.8%)and urban central zones(36.3%).Multivariable regression revealed significant associations between diarrhoeal diseases and unemployment of mothers(adjusted odds ratio[aoR]=1.62,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.18-2.23),use of open bags for storing household waste(aoR=1.75,95%CI:1.00-3.02),evacuation of household waste in public streets(aoR=2.07,95%CI:1.20-3.55),no treatment of stored drinking water(aoR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56)and use of shared toilets(aoR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56).Conclusion:We found a high prevalence of diarrhoea in children under the age of five in Mbour,with the highest prevalence occur

关键词： Children under five year-old Cross-sectional survey Diarrhoea Multivariable logistic regression Risk factor Senegal

Neglected tropical diseases activities in Africa in the CoVID-19 era:the need for a"hybrid" approach in CoVID-endemic times

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第1期10卷 74-86页

作者： David Molyneux Simon Bush Ron Bannerman Philip Downs Joy Shu'aibu Pelagie Boko-Collins loasia Radvan Leah Wohlgemuth Chris Boyton Department of tropical Diseases Biology Centre for Neglected Tropical DiseasesLiverpool School of Tropical MedicinePern broke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK Neglected tropical Diseases SightsaversAirportP O Box KIA18190AccraGhana Neglected tropical Diseases(Ascend West and Central Africa) Sightsavers35 Perrymount RdHaywards Heath RH163BZUK Neglected tropical Diseases Sightsavers23 Beverly Dr.DurhamNC 27707USA Programme operations SightsaversNigeria Country Office-No 1 Golf Course RoadRO.Box 503KadunaNigeria Neglected tropical Diseases SightsaversBenin Country Office-3 rd Floor of the Riveria Golf BuildingAkpakpaLot 4002 FOld BridgeRepublic of Benin Neglected tropical Diseases Sightsavers35Perrymount RdHaywards Heath RH163BZ.UK M&C Saatchi World Services 36 Golden SquareLondon W 9EEUK.

With the coronavirus disease 2019(CoVID-19)pandemic showing no signs of abating,resuming neglected tropical disease(NTD)activities,particularly mass drug administration(MDA)Z is *** to resume activities will not only enhance the risk of NTD transmission,but will fail to leverage behaviour change messaging on the importance of hand and face washing and improved sanitation--a common strategy for several NTDs that also reduces the risk of CoVID-19 *** so-called"hybrid approach"will dem on strate best practices for mitigating the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)by incorporating physical distancing,use of masks,and frequent hand-washing in the delivery of medicines to endemic communities and support action against the transmission of the virus through water,sanitation and hygiene interventions promoted by NTD *** MDA and morbidity management activities resume,achievement of NTD targets as projected in the WHo/NTD Roadmap(2021-2030)will be deferred,the aspirational goal of NTD programmes to enhance universal health coverage jeopardised and the call to leave no one behind'a hollow *** outline what implementing this hybrid approach,which aims to strengthen health systems,and facilitate integration and cross-sector collaboration,can achieve based on work undertaken in several African countries.

关键词： CoVID-19 Neglected tropical diseases Mass drug administration Morbidity management Communities Water Sanitation and hygiene Behaviour change

Multinational corporations and infectious disease: Embracing human rights management techniques

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 354-366,353页

作者： Kendyl Salcito Burton H Singer Mitchell G Weiss Mirko S Winkler Gary R Krieger Mark Wielga Jürg Utzinger Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxCH-4002BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003BaselSwitzerland NomoGaia 1900 Wazee StreetSuite 303DenverCO 80202USA NewFields LLCDenverCO 80202USA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:Global health institutions have called for governments,international organisations and health practitioners to employ a human rights-based approach to infectious *** motivation for a human rights approach is clear:poverty and inequality create conditions for infectious diseases to thrive,and the diseases,in turn,interact with social-ecological systems to promulgate poverty,inequity and *** and intergovernmental organisations should be concerned with the control and elimination of these diseases,as widespread infections delay economic growth and contribute to higher healthcare costs and slower processes for realising universal human *** social determinants and economic outcomes associated with infectious diseases should interest multinational companies,partly because they have bearing on corporate productivity and,increasingly,because new global norms impose on companies a responsibility to respect human rights,including the right to ***:We reviewed historical and recent developments at the interface of infectious diseases,human rights and multinational *** investigation was supplemented with field-level insights at corporate capital projects that were developed in areas of high endemicity of infectious diseases,which embraced rights-based disease control ***:Experience and literature provide a longstanding business case and an emerging social responsibility case for corporations to apply a human rights approach to health programmes at global ***,in an increasingly globalised and interconnected world,multinational corporations have an interest,and an important role to play,in advancing rights-based control strategies for infectious ***:There are new opportunities for governments and international health agencies to enlist corporate business actors in disease control and elimination *** offered by the United Nations in 2011 that is widel

关键词： Infectious diseases Human rights Systems-based interventions Multinational corporations Corporate social responsibility