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Comprehensive understanding on sources of high levels of fine particulate nitro-aromatic compounds at a coastal rural area in northern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 483-494页

作者： Yueru Jiang Xinfeng Wang Min Li Yiheng Liang Zhiyi Liu Jing Chen Tianyi Guan Jiangshan Mu Yujiao Zhu He Meng Yang Zhou Lan Yao Likun Xue Wenxing Wang Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Department of Environmental Systems Science Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDuebendorf 8600Switzerland Qingdao Eco-Environment Monitoring center of Shandong Province Qingdao 266003China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

Nitro-aromatic compounds(NACs)are among the major components of brown carbon(BrC)in the atmosphere,causing negative impacts on regional climate,air quality,and ecological health.Due to the extensive origins,it is still a challenge to figure out the contributions and originating regions for different sources of atmospheric NACs.Here,field observations on fine particulate NACs were conducted at a coastal rural area in Qingdao,China in the winter of 2018 and 2019.The mean total concentrations of fine particulate nitro-aromatic compounds were 125.0±89.5 and 27.7±21.1 ng/m^(3)in the winter of 2018 and 2019,respectively.Among the measured eleven NACs,nitrophenols and nitrocatechols were the most abundant species.Variation characteristics and correlation analysis showed that humidity and anthropogenic primary emissions had significant influences on the NAC abundances.In this study,two tracing methods of the improved spatial concentration weighted trajectory(SCWT)model and the receptor model of positive matrix factorization(PMF)were combined to comprehensively understand the origins of NACs in fine particles at coastal Qingdao.Four major sources were identified,including coal combustion,biomass burning,vehicle exhaust,and secondary formation.Surprisingly,coal combustion was responsible for about half of the observed nitro-aromatic compounds,followed by biomass burning(~30%).The results by SCWT demonstrated that the coal combustion dominated NACs mainly originated from the Shandong peninsula and the areas to the north and southwest,while those dominated by biomass burning primarily came from local Qingdao and the areas to the west.

关键词： Nitro-aromatic compounds Fine particles Source apportionment Originating region Combustion activities

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Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 445-450页

作者： Silvio Maltagliati Philippe Sarrazin Layan Fessler Mael Lebreton Boris Cheval University of Grenoble Alpes SENSGrenoble 38000France Paris School of Economics Paris 75014France swiss center for Affective Sciences University of GenevaGeneva 1202Switzerland Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition Department of Fundamental NeurosciencesUniversity of GenevaGeneva 1202Switzerland Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression(E3Lab) Department of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGeneva 1202Switzerland

Over time,physical activity(PA)has shifted from being a necessity to being an alternative.As a result,levels of PA have sharply decreased.1 Today,we are facing a worldwide pandemic of physical inactivity,with one death every 6 s attributed to insufficient PA.2 To counteract this trend,a tremendous effort is being made to promote regular PA across the lifespan,mainly through the dissemination of knowledge about the health benefits of accumulating sufficient PA.

关键词： sharply benefits attributed

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Energy Planning of Beijing Towards Low-carbon,Clean and Efficient Development in 2035

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 913-928页

作者： Chengzhou Li Ningling Wang Xiaohu Shen Yumeng Zhang Zhiping Yang Xiaofeng Tong François Maréchal Ligang Wang Yongping Yang Institute of Energy Power Innovation North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering and National Research Center for Thermal Power Engineering and TechnologyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in LausanneSionSwitzerland

Energy transition towards clean,efficient energy supply has been a common sense of the government and public in China.However,lacking reasonable planning will lead to undisciplined development,resource waste,and excessive investment.In this context,this paper investigates potential pathways of Beijing energy transition towards a high-level low-carbon,clean and efficient energy system in 2035 with an extended energysocpe model.Firstly,based on available data,future energy demands are predicted by a newly proposed hybrid forecasting method,which combines the traditional regression model,grey model,and support vector machine model with an entropy-based weighted factor.Secondly,the superstructure-based optimization model is employed to investigate the system configuration and operation strategy of the future Beijing energy system.Finally,the uncertainty impact of electricity price,natural gas price,hydrogen price,and the capital expenditures of electrolyzer and steam methane reforming for hydrogen applications are studied.The forecasting results show that all walks of life will witness a continuously increasing energy demand in multiple sectors of Beijing towards 2035.The planning results suggest that the imported electricity and natural gas will dominate the energy supply of Beijing in 2035 with a contribution of 86%of the energy resources consumption of 384 TWh.Moreover,the energy system presents a high end-use electrification level of 65%and high penetration of efficient technologies,which supply 119 TWh via combined heat and power,26 TWh via heat pump and 95 TWh via district heating network.The energy use of various sectors of energy resources,technologies and end-use are closely related.Hydrogen will have an increased penetration in the private mobility sector,but the locally generated hydrogen is mainly from steam methane reforming technology.

关键词： Energy transition energy planning carbonneutral demand forecasting energyscope

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Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel M.Ngui Joseph M.Mwangangi Joachim Richter Josephine W.Ngunjiri Department of Biological Sciences University of EmbuKenya Medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya Institute of International Health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale County,Kenya.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age(15-<50 years)from four villages in Mwaluphamba location.Stool specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method,while filtration technique was used to analyze urine specimens.Participants’sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized questionnaire.Results:Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7%(20/422,95%CI 2.8%-6.9%)while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5%(19/422,95%CI 2.6%-6.7%).The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 mL.The patients were diagnosed with light infection,of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms,respectively.Women without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a latrine.Similarly,use of surface water(aOR=1.0,95%CI 0.2-1.4,P=0.010)and crossing the river to go to a place(aOR=1.1,95%CI 0.3-1.6,P=0.009)were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary schistosomiasis.In bivariable regression analysis,defecating around the water source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths Mwaluphamba

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PBX/Knotted 1 homeobox-2(PKNOX2)is a novel regulator of myocardial fibrosis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2231-2249页

作者： Liang Chen Haotong Li Xiaorui Liu Ningning Zhang Kui Wang Anteng Shi Hang Gao Deniz Akdis Ardan MSaguner Xinjie Xu Elena Osto Willem Van de Veen Guangyu Li Antoni Bayés-Genís Firat Duru Jiangping Song Xiangjie Li Shengshou Hu State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP.R.China School of Statistics and Data Science Nankai UniversityTianjinChina Department of Cardiology University Heart CenterUniversity Hospital Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Institute for Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Zurich and University of ZürichZurichSwitzerland swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research(SIAF) University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland Heart Institute Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaCIBERCVSpain

Much effort has been made to uncover the cellular heterogeneities of human hearts by single-nucleus RNA sequencing.However,the cardiac transcriptional regulation networks have not been systematically described because of the limitations in detecting transcription factors.In this study,we optimized a pipeline for isolating nuclei and conducting single-nucleus RNA sequencing targeted to detect a higher number of cell signal genes and an optimal number of transcription factors.With this unbiased protocol,we characterized the cellular composition of healthy human hearts and investigated the transcriptional regulation networks involved in determining the cellular identities and functions of the main cardiac cell subtypes.Particularly in fibroblasts,a novel regulator,PKNOX2,was identified as being associated with physiological fibroblast activation in healthy hearts.To validate the roles of these transcription factors in maintaining homeostasis,we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of transplanted failing hearts focusing on fibroblast remodelling.The trajectory analysis suggested that PKNOX2 was abnormally decreased from fibroblast activation to pathological myofibroblast formation.Both gain-and loss-of-function in vitro experiments demonstrated the inhibitory role of PKNOX2 in pathological fibrosis remodelling.Moreover,fibroblast-specific overexpression and knockout of PKNOX2 in a heart failure mouse model induced by transverse aortic constriction surgery significantly improved and aggravated myocardial fibrosis,respectively.In summary,this study established a high-quality pipeline for single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of heart muscle.With this optimized protocol,we described the transcriptional regulation networks of the main cardiac cell subtypes and identified PKNOX2 as a novel regulator in suppressing fibrosis and a potential therapeutic target for future translational studies.

关键词： NOX2 homeostasis fibrosis

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Routine utilization of machine perfusion in liver transplantation:Ready for prime time?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1488-1493页

作者： Alessandro Parente Keyue Sun Philipp Dutkowski AM James Shapiro Andrea Schlegel Department of Surgery Division of TransplantationUniversity of Alberta HospitalEdmonton T6G 2B7Canada Immunity and Inflammation Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary center Department of Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Immunity and Inflammation Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States

The last decade has been notable for increasing high-quality research and dramatic improvement in outcomes with dynamic liver preservation.Robust evidence from numerous randomized controlled trials has been pooled by meta-analyses,providing the highest available evidence on the protective effect of machine perfusion(MP)over static cold storage in liver transplantation(LT).Based on a protective effect with less complications and improved graft survival,the field has seen a paradigm shift in organ preservation.This editorial focuses on the role of MP in LT and how it could become the new“gold standard”.Strong collaborative efforts are needed to explore its effects on long-term outcomes.

关键词： Liver transplantation Machine perfusion Viability assessment Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion Normothermic machine perfusion

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Movement analysis in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 485-486页

作者： Johannes Burtscher Nicolas Bourdillon Jules MJanssen Daalen Aurélien Patoz Julien FBally Martin Kopp Davide Malatesta Bastiaan RBloem Institute of Sport Sciences University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Radboud University Medical center Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorCenter of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersNijmegenThe Netherlands Radboud University Medical center Department of Medical BioSciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands Research and Development Department Volodalen Swiss Sport LabAigleSwitzerland Service of Neurology Department of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital(CHUV)and University of Lausanne(UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland Department of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is an increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative disease,at first sight primarily characterized by motor symptoms,although non-motor symptoms also constitute a major part of the overall phenotype.Clinically,this disease cannot be diagnosed reliably until a large part of the vulnerable dopaminergic neurons has been irretrievably lost,and the disease progresses inexorably.New biological criteria for PD have been proposed recently and might eventually improve early diagnosis,but they require further validation,and their use will initially be restricted to a research environment(Darweesh et al.,2024).

关键词： diagnosis Clinical eventually

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Dynamic transcriptional programs define distinct mammalian cortical lineages

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 387-389页

作者： Tanzila Mukhtar Verdon Taylor Department of Biomedicine University of BaselBaselSwitzerland Eli and Edythe Broad center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA

The cerebral cortex is composed of billions of neurons and glia that are generated sequentially during corticogenesis.These cells are generated in an organized fashion during development.At early stages of brain devel... 详细信息

关键词： cortex cerebral development

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Global multifaceted biodiversity patterns,centers,and conservation needs in angiosperms

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 817-828页

作者： Ao Luo Yaoqi Li Nawal Shrestha Xiaoting Xu Xiangyan Su Yichao Li Tong Lyu Kilara Waris Zhiyao Tang Xiaojuan Liu Luxiang Lin Yongsheng Chen Kuiling Zu Wenqi Song Shijia Peng Niklaus E.Zimmermann Loïc Pellissier Zhiheng Wang Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100035China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH ZürichZürich 8092Switzerland

The Convention on Biological Diversity seeks to conserve at least 30%of global land and water areas by 2030,which is a challenge but also an opportunity to better preserve biodiversity,including flowering plants(angiosperms).Herein,we compiled a large database on distributions of over 300,000 angiosperm species and the key functional traits of 67,024 species.Using this database,we constructed biodiversity-environment models to predict global patterns of taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional diversity in terrestrial angiosperms and provide a comprehensive mapping of the three diversity facets.We further evaluated the current protection status of the biodiversity centers of these diversity facets.Our results showed that geographical patterns of the three facets of plant diversity exhibited substantial spatial mismatches and nonoverlapping conservation priorities.Idiosyncratic centers of functional diversity,particularly of herbaceous species,were primarily distributed in temperate regions and under weaker protection compared with other biodiversity centers of taxonomic and phylogenetic facets.Our global assessment of multifaceted biodiversity patterns and centers highlights the insufficiency and unbalanced conservation among the three diversity facets and the two growth forms(woody vs.herbaceous),thus providing directions for guiding the future conservation of global plant diversity.

关键词： angiosperms species richness phylogenetic diversity functional diversity plant traits woody species herbaceous species

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Efficiency of Legumes in Increasing Yam Yield under Sandy Ferrasol in the Forest Zone of Southwestern Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 227-236页

作者： Germaine A. Tanoh Félix B. O. Bouadou Jean Baptiste D. Ettien Department of Soil Sciences Water and Geomaterials University of Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Department of Food Security and Nutrition Swiss Center for Scientific Research in C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The cropping system is based on traditional farming in rural areas. In this way, yields of some food crops like yam are very low considering their high need for nutrients. The nutrient-rich land is under high land pressure as it is occupied by cash crops such as oil palm and rubber at the expense of food crops and soil fertility is declining. The study was conducted in Grand-Lahou to assess the effect of organic matter provided by legumes in increasing yam yield. The randomized complete block design included four (4) treatments: Arachis hypogaea + yam association (T1), Acacia mangium + yam association (T2), Arachis + Acacia mangium + yam association (T3) and pure yam crop (T0). The parameters measured were: the soil nutrients content, the rate of mineralization of organic matter through the C/N ratio as well as the yield of yam through different techniques that allowed the objective of the study to be achieved. It was noted a slight improvement of nitrogen and organic carbon in all treatments with a higher value recorded in the T2 treatment. The C/N ratio decreased to 12 in all treatments compared to the control, which reflects a normal decomposition of the organic matter. Treatment T1 increased yam yield (8.4 t/ha) in contrast to treatments T2 (4.1 t/ha) and T3 (2.8 t/ha). Legume-based treatments T2 and T3 were associated with a significant decrease in yam yield, resulting in losses of −46.34% to −25.09%, while treatment T1 resulted in a gain of 28.57%. As a result, the treatments involving legumes contributed to normalizing the organic matter content of the soil. The simultaneous association of these two legumes led to a decrease in yam production, contrary to the treatment associating only groundnut.

关键词： Legumes Organic Matter Yam Yield Côte d’Ivoire

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