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Congenital hyperinsulinism:Role of fluorine-18L-3, 4 hydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography scanning

World Journal of Radiology 2014年第6期6卷 252-260页

作者： Jaya Sujatha Gopal-Kothapani Khalid Hussain Department of Paediatric Endocrinology Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital Manches-ter M13 9WL United Kingdom Department of Paediatric Endocrinology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust and the Institute of Child Health University College London London WC1N 1EH United Kingdom Developmental Endocrinology research group Molecular Genetics Unit Institute of Child Health University College London London WC1N 1EH United Kingdom

Congenital hyperinsulinism(CHI) is a rare but complex heterogeneous disorder caused by unregulated secre-tion of insulin from the β-cells of the pancreas leading to severe hypoglycaemia and neuroglycopaenia. swift diagnosis and institution of appropriate management is crucial to prevent or minimise adverse neurodevel-opmental outcome in children with CHI. Histologically there are two major subtypes of CHI, diffuse and focal disease and the management approach will significantly differ depending on the type of the lesion. Patients with medically unresponsive diffuse disease require a near total pancreatectomy, which then leads on to the de-velopment of iatrogenic diabetes mellitus and pancre-atic exocrine insufficiency. However patients with focaldisease only require a limited pancreatectomy to re-move only the focal lesion thus providing complete cure to the patient. Hence the preoperative differentiation of the histological subtypes of CHI becomes paramount in the management of CHI. Fluorine-18L-3, 4-hydroxy-phenylalanine positron emission tomography(18F-DOPA-PET) is now the gold standard for pre-operative differentiation of focal from diffuse disease and locali-sation of the focal lesion. The aim of this review article is to give a clinical overview of CHI, then review the role of dopamine in β-cell physiology and finally discuss the role of 18F-DOPA-PET imaging in the management of CHI.

关键词： Congenital hyperinsulinism Fluorine-18L-3,4-hydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography Focal congenital hyperinsulinism Diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism Ectopic congenital hyperinsulinism Standardized uptake value

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Trans-Gulf of Mexico loop migration of tree swallows revealed by solar geolocation

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 653-659页

作者： David W. BRADLEY Robert G. CLARK Peter O. DUNN Andrew J. LAUGHLIN Caz M. TAYLOR Carol VLECK Linda A. WHITTINGHAM David W. WINKLER D. Ryan NORRIS Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W 1 Canada Bird Studies Canada Port Rowan Ontario N0E 1M0 Canada Environment Canada. Saskatoon. Saskatchewan S7N 0X4. Canada Behavioral and Molecular Ecology group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011-1020 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Museum of Vertebrates and Lab of Ornithology Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

One of the greatest feats of avian migration is the non-stop crossing of extensive areas of inhospitable habitat such as deserts and seas. Differences in spring and autumn migration routes have been reported in species that cross such barriers, and are thought to have evolved in response to seasonal variation in prevailing wind direction. We tested the hypothesis that migration routes vary seasonally with respect to the Gulf of Mexico in the tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor using solar geolocators attached and retrieved at 4 breeding sites in central North America. We found that 100 % of birds （n = 10） made a trans-Gulf flight of 〉850 km from Louisiana south to their wintering grounds in the Yucatan Peninsula in 12-36 hours, achieving minimum ground speeds as high as 32 m/s. Although most days during autumn migration were characterized by unfavorable headwinds blowing to the northwest, migration over the Gulf mostly occurred on days with strong winds blowing to the south. In contrast, in 8 of 9 （88 %） birds on spring migration returned from the wintering grounds towards Louisiana following a clockwise loop pat- tern flying over land to the west around the Gulf. During this spring period there were few days with prevailing winds from the south to assist northward migration. Results suggest that, despite being up to three times further （ca. 2,700 kin）, a coastal circum-Gulf spring migration represents the less risky route when wind conditions are not favorable. These findings also help to resolve a long-standing dispute in the literature concerning migration patterns between the US Gulf coast and Mexico, and provide insight into the factors shaping migration strategies of small songbirds migrating across large bodies of water [Current Zoology 60（5）： 653-559, 2014].

关键词： Ecological Barrier Geolocation Gulf of Mexico Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow Migration

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Central swallowing in normal adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging

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Neural Regeneration research 2009年第4期4卷 258-264页

作者： Shasha Li Cheng Luo Chengqi He Qiyong Gong Dong Zhou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China School of Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology oi China Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China Huaxi MR research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China

BACKGROUND： While brain-imaging studies in healthy adults have indicated that multiple cortical regions are involved in swallowing, these functional imaging techniques have not been extensively applied to the complete understand neurophysiology of swallowing in China. A full understanding of normal swallowing neurophysiology is important for improving functional outcomes for dysphagia due to neurologic disorders or damage with increasing age. Thus the interpretations of the functional contributions of various brain areas in swallowing should be scientifically researched. OBJECTIVE： To identify the activation and characteristic of swallowing center in healthy adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An uncontrolled neuroimaging study was performed at the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March and November 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Ten healthy right-handed volunteers, aged over 20 years with a mean age of （34.2 ＋ 8.1） years, a range of 25-45 years and including five males and five females participated. A medical history was obtained from all potential subjects and all subjects were free of systemic diseases and neurological disorders. METHODS： The healthy volunteers were examined with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of blood oxygenation level-dependent while laryngeal swallow-related movements were recorded. Subjects were scanned during voluntary saliva swallowing and water bolus swallowing activation tasks. Data was processed using the General Linear Model. A voxel by voxel group comparison was performed using random effect analysis. Any cluster with a corrected P 〈 0.05 for spatial extent was considered significant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The cerebral cortical activation maps of voluntary swallowing of saliva and swallowing of water bolus in healthy adults were observed. RESULTS： A multifocal cortical representation of swallowing was in the precentral gyru

关键词： swallowing central swallowing blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging

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Co-infections of SARS-CoV-2 with multiple common respiratory pathogens in infected patients

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 606-609页

作者： Dachuan Lin Lei Liu Mingxia Zhang Yunlong Hu Qianting Yang Jiubiao Guo Yongchao Guo Youchao Dai Yuzhong Xu Yi Cai Xinchun Chen Zheng Zhang Kaisong Huang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease Department of Pathology BiologySchool of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China National Clinical research Center for Infectious Diseases Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis&Treatment of Emerging Infectious DiseasesShenzhen Third People’s HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518112China Department of Clinical Laboratory Shenzhen Baoan HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518071China

Dear Editor,In late December 2019,an outbreak of severe pneumonia caused by an unknown etiological agent was initially reported in Wuhan,China,and then quickly spread throughout China and even abroad(Zhu et al.,2020).swift control measures and etiological investigations were conducted by the Chinese government,physicians and researchers,and by using high throughput sequencing and virological testing,the mysterious pneumonia pathogen was shown to be a novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)capable of person-to-person transmission(Zhu et al.,2020).Coronaviruses are a group of non-segmented,enveloped and positive-sense RNA viruses that belong to the subfamily of Coronavirinae in the family of Coronavirdiae and order of Nidovirales.

关键词： initially swift envelope

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Esophageal dysphagia and reflux symptoms before and after oral IQoro^(R) training

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第24期21卷 7558-7562页

作者： Mary Hagg Lita Tibbling Thomas Franzen Speech and swallowing Centre Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHudiksvall HospitalHudiksvallSE 82481Sweden Centre for research and Development Uppsala University/County Council of GavleborgGavleSE 80188Sweden Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Linkoping UniversityLinkopingSE 58185Sweden

AIM: To examine whether muscle training with an oral IQoroR screen(IQS) improves esophageal dysphagia and reflux ***: A total of 43 adult patients(21 women a n d 2 2 m e n) w e re c o n s e c u t i ve l y re fe r re d t o a swallowing center for the treatment and investigation of long-lasting nonstenotic esophageal dysphagia. Hiatal hernia was confirmed by radiologic examination in 21 patients before enrollment in the study(group A; median age 52 years, range: 19-85 years). No hiatal hernia was detected by radiologic examination in the remaining 22 patients(group B; median age 57 years,range: 22-85 years). Before and after training with an oral IQS for 6-8 mo, the patients were evaluated using a symptom questionnaire(esophageal dysphagia and acid chest symptoms; score 0-3), visual analogue scale(ability to swallow food: score 0-100), lip force test(≥ 15 N), velopharyngeal closure test(≥ 10 s), orofacial motor tests, and an oral sensory test. Another twelve patients(median age 53 years, range: 22-68 years) with hiatal hernia were evaluated using oral IQS traction maneuvers with pressure recordings of the upper esophageal sphincter and hiatus canal as assessed by high-resolution ***: Esophageal dysphagia was present in all 43 patients at entry, and 98% of patients showed improvement after IQS training [mean score(range): 2.5(1-3) vs 0.9(0-2), P groups A and B before or after IQS training. The lip force test [31 N(12-80 N) vs 54 N(27-116), P < 0.001] and velopharyngeal closure test values [28 s(5-74 s) vs 34 s(13-80 s), P < 0.001] were significantly higher after IQ

关键词： Esophageal dysphagia Manometry Muscle training Oral screen Reflux

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