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Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

Pre-sowing treatment for breaking dormancy in Acer velutinum Boiss. seed lots

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 273-278页

作者： Mostafa Farhadi Mulualem Tigabu Alireza Ghasemi Arian Mehdi Sharifani Abolfazl Daneshvar Per Christer Oden swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Education center of Jihad-Agriculture Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Horticulture Department

Acer velutinum Boiss is a valuable tree species native to Iran, and its seeds possess physiological dormancy that hampers seedling production in the nursery for large-scale reforestation efforts. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dormancy breaking treatments for A. velutinum seeds. We conducted a factorial experiment involving six seed lots collected along an elevation gradient from 300 to 1800 m at 300 m interval and four cold-moist stratification periods （0, 4, 8 and 16 weeks） at 4℃ and 70% relative humidity. The result shows that the germination of cold-moist stratified seeds was significantly （p 〈 0.0001） higher than the control for all seed lots. The highest germination capacity was recorded after 16 weeks of cold-moist stratification for all seed lots （68% 88% depending on the seed lot） except those collected from mid altitude sites （600 and 900 m） that germinated equally well （≥ 75%） after 4and 8-week of clod-moist stratification compared to the other seed lots. The mean germination time was significantly shorter （12 to 19 days, depending on the seed lot） for seeds stratified for 16 weeks than for untreated seeds. It can be concluded that：（1） cold-moist stratification for 16 weeks is the best pre-sowing treatment for breaking dormancy in A. velutinum seeds; and （2） seeds should be collected from mid altitude sites （600 and 900 m） to get more than 80% germination within 15 days, and these seed lots even required shorter cold-moist stratification period（eight weeks） than other seed lots.

关键词： cold-stratification altitude physiological dormancy velvet maple seed germination

Assessing quality of volunteer crowdsourcing contributions:lessons from the Cropland Capture game

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第4期9卷 410-426页

作者： Carl F.Salk Tobias Sturn Linda See Steffen Fritz Christoph Perger Ecosystems Services and Management Program International Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria Southern swedish Forest Research center Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden

Volunteered geographic information(VGI)is the assembly of spatial information based on public *** VGI has proliferated in recent years,assessing the quality of volunteer-contributed data has proven challenging,leading some to question the efficiency of such *** this paper,we compare several quality metrics for individual volunteers’*** data were the product of the‘Cropland Capture’game,in which several thousand volunteers assessed 165,000 images for the presence of cropland over the course of 6 *** compared agreement between volunteer ratings and an image’s majority classification with volunteer self-agreement on repeated images and expert *** also examined the impact of experience and learning on *** self-agreement was nearly always higher than agreement with majority classifications,and much greater than agreement with expert validations although these metrics were all positively *** quality showed a broad trend toward improvement with experience,but the highest accuracies were achieved by a handful of moderately active contributors,not the most active *** results emphasize the importance of a universal set of expert-validated tasks as a gold standard for evaluating VGI quality.

关键词： crowdsourcing volunteered geographic information cropland data quality image classification Geo-Wiki

Regulation of Lithium-Ion Flux by Nanotopology Lithiophilic Boron-Oxygen Dipole in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Metal Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 74-82页

作者： Manying Cui Hongyang Zhao Yanyang Qin Shishi Zhang Ruxin Zhao Miao Zhang Wei Yu Guoxin Gao Xiaofei Hu Yaqiong Su Kai Xi Shujiang Ding School of Chemistry Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University

Inhomogeneous lithium-ion （Li+） deposition is one of the most crucial problems,which severely deteriorates the performance of solid'State lithium metal batteries （LMBs）.Herein,we discovered that covalent organic framework （COF-1） with periodically arranged boron-oxygen dipole lithiophilic sites could directionally guide Li+even deposition in asymmetric solid polymer electrolytes.

关键词： covalent organic framework ion transport regulation lithium metal battery solid polymer electrolyte

Role of hospitalization for inflammatory bowel disease in the postbiologic era

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第26期9卷 7632-7642页

作者： Celine R Soriano Charleston R Powell Michael V Chiorean Vlad V Simianu Department of Surgery Virginia Mason Franciscan HealthSeattleWA 98101United States Department of Internal Medicine Madigan Army Medical CenterTacomaWA 98431United States Department of Gastroenterology Swedish Medical CenterSeattleWA 98109United States

Treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often requires specialized *** much of IBD care has shifted to the outpatient setting, hospitalizationsremain a major site of healthcare utilization and a sizable proportion of patientswith inflammatory bowel disease require hospitalization or surgery during theirlifetime. In this review, we approach IBD care from the population-level with aspecific focus on hospitalization for IBD, including the shifts from inpatient tooutpatient care, the balance of emergency and elective hospitalizations, regionalizationof specialty IBD care, and contribution of surgery and endoscopy tohospitalized care.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Hospitalization Elective Emergent surgery Endoscopy

Inocula selection in microbial fuel cells based on anodic biofilm abundance of Geobacter sulfurreducens

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第3期24卷 379-387页

作者： Guotao Sun Diogo de Sacadura Rodrigues Anders Thygesen Geoffrey Daniel Dinesh Fernando Anne S.Meyer center for BioProcess Engineering Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of Denmark Department of Forest Products Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Microbial fuel cells （MFCs） rely on microbial conversion of organic substrates to electricity. The optimal perfor- mance depends on the establishment of a microbial community rich in electrogenic bacteria. Usually this micro- bial community is established from inoculation of the MFC anode chamber with naturally occurring mixed inocula. In this study, the electrochemical performance of MFCs and microbial community evolution were eval- uated for three inocula including domestic wastewater （DW）, lake sediment （LS） and biogas sludge （BS） with varying substrate loading （Lsub） and external resistance （Rext） on the MFC. The electrogenic bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens was identified in all inocula and its abundance during MFC operation was positively linked to the MFC performance. The IS inoculated MFCs showed highest abundance （18% ± 1%） of G. sulfurreducens, maximum current density [Imax = （690 ± 30） mA.m 2] and coulombic efficiency （CE = 29% ±1%） with acetate as the substrate./max and CE increased to （1780 ± 30） mA.m-2 and 58%± 1%, respectively, after decreasing the Rext from 1000 Ωto 200 Ω, which also correlated to a higher abundance ofG. sulfurreducens （21% ±0.7%） on the MFC anodic biofilm. The data obtained contribute to understanding the microbial community response to Lsub and Roy, for of timizing electricity eneration in MFCs.

关键词： Lake sediment Coulombic efficiency Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Geobacter sulfurreducens Anode polarisation resistance

Haplotype-resolved and chromosome-scale genomes provide insights into co-adaptation between the Amur tiger and Amur leopard

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 464-467页

作者： Hai-Meng Li Bo-Yang Liu Min-Hui Shi Le Zhang Shang-Chen Yang Sunil Kumar Sahu Liang-Yu Cui Shan-Lin Liu Nicolas Dussex Yue Ma Dan Liu Wei-Yao Kong Hao-Rong Lu Yue Zhao Love Dalén Huan Liu Tian-Ming Lan Guang-Shun Jiang Yan-Chun Xu College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang 150040China State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics BGI ResearchShenzhenGuangdong 518083China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China BGI Research WuhanHubei 430074China Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Centre for Palaeogenetics Svante Arrhenius väg 20CStockholm 10691Sweden Department of Zoology Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholm 10691Sweden Heilongjiang Siberian Tiger Park HarbinHeilongjiang 150000China Jinlin Provincial Academy of Forestry Science ChangchunJilin 130033China China National GeneBank BGI ResearchShenzhenGuangdong 518120China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write BGI ResearchShenzhenGuangdong 518083China BGI Life Science Joint Research center Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang 150040China Feline Research center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration College of Wildlife and Protected AreaNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang 150040China National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research center of Engineering Technology for Wildlife Conservation and Utilization HarbinHeilongjiang 150040China

DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(*** orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity by regulating prey-predator ***,human-induced pressures,habitat fragmentation,and environmental alterations have restricted these species in small and isolated ***,all extant big cats are categorized as endangered or threatened according to their conservation *** tigers and Amur leopards share overlapping geographic ranges,habitats,and certain prey species in the forests of Northeast Asia(Jiang et al.,2015).To reduce interspecies conflict,these carnivores exhibit differentiated dietary and temporal *** tigers predominantly prey on large ungulates,while Amur leopards hunt small to medium-sized animals(Sugimoto et al.,2016).Additionally,they occupy different temporal niches,with tigers being active at night and leopards more active during the *** spatial and temporal niche partitioning,interspecific competition between these two species is ***,benefiting from their greater size,have a competitive advantage over leopards,which can manifest in occasional leopard predation by tigers and declines in leopard populations with increasing tiger density(Jiang et al.,2015).Tigers also displace leopards from marginal habitats in nature reserves where they coexist.

关键词： habitat Panthera resolved

A Structural Bisulfite Assay to Identify DN Cruciforms

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Molecular Plant 2016年第9期9卷 1328-1336页

作者： Matthew Gentry Lars Hennig Department of Plant Biology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology 75007 Uppsala Sweden

In the half century since the discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA, it has become increasingly clear that DNA functionality is based on much more than its sequence in a double-helical structure. Further advances have highlighted the importance of additional aspects of DNA structure： its packaging in the higher order chromatin structure, positioning of nucleosomes along the DNA, and the occurrence of non-helical DNA structures. Of these, the latter has been problematic to prove empirically. Here, we describe a method that uses non-denaturing bisulfite sequencing on isolated Arabidopsis thaliana nuclei to determine the location of cytosines positioned outside the double helix as a result of non-B-form DNA structures. We couple this with computational methods and S1 nuclease digest to reliably identify stable, non-B-form, cruciform structures. This enables us to identify a palindrome in the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS T that forms a stable non-B-form structure. The stronger conservation of the ability to form a nonhelical secondary structure than of the sequence suggests that this structure is biologically relevant.

关键词： DNA structure cruciform DNA genome organization