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Advances in Climate Change Research 2016年第3期7卷 185-191页

作者： Christian BARESEL Sofia ANDERSSON Jingjing YANG Mikkel Holmen ANDERSEN IVL swedish Environmental Research Institute Stockholm SE-100 31Sweden Unisense Environment A/S Aarhus DK-8200Denmark

Total nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions from a conventional active sludge process were calculated using a mathematical emission model and dissolved N_2O in the water phase by a N_2O water sensor. Calculated emissions showed good agreement with measured emissions based on concentrations and air?ow in the off-gas ventilation system from the covered process. Various tests for a wide range of potentially affecting parameters indicated robust and reliable emission estimations by the model. Thus, common uncertainties in input data would still provide good emission estimations. Measurements of dissolved N_2O required low maintenance and N_2O emission monitoring based on such measurements might therefore be considered as a signi?cant practical improvement. This would be advantageous especially in non-enclosed wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) otherwise requiring complex off-gas measurements. As the sensor is connected directly to the WWTPs monitoring and control system, emissions calculations could be incorporated.

关键词： GHG emissions Wastewater treatment Nitrous oxide

Factors Affecting swedish Forest Property Prices

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第4期4卷 363-378页

作者： Sofia Carlsson Lars Lonnstedt Torbjorn Sundelin Holmen Skog OrnskoldsvikSweden Dpartment of Forest Products Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden

Historically the price of a forest estate has, at least in Sweden, been closely related to the financial return from the estate, but this connection no longer seems to be that strong, other factors that previously had limited influence on prices now add to the price. Factors like site productivity and age distribution affect the financial return of a forest estate but is it obvious that these factors still influence prices as they once did? Over the last 20 years, the price of forest estates has increased dramatically. If development of prices has led to a weakened connection between return and price, could this be explained by the fact that previously price affecting factors have less weight when valuing forest estates? The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate how a number of factors influence the forest estate price;including site productivity and age distribution. The results shows that neither site productivity, nor age distribution have a significant impact on the forest estate price. What mainly influence the prices seems to be the standing forest volume on the estate and region. The development of the prices seems not only to have influenced the relationship between the return from the forest and the prices, but also minimized the influence of factors like age distribution and site productivity. This means that estates that are bought within the same region, at the same price per cubic meter, can have considerably different potential to gain financial return.

关键词： Bidding Faustman Forest Estate Market Value Net Present Value Standing Volume Value Winner’s Curse

Linnebjer—A South swedish Oak Forest and Meadow Area—Revisited after Half a Century

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Open Journal of Ecology 2016年第2期6卷 74-83页

作者： Folke O. Andersson Bengt Nihlgård Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden

An oak forest and three wet meadows/fens were reinvestigated after 50 years concerning tree vitality, biomass and productivity, and soil chemistry. Sulphur and nitrogen deposition has changed dramatically during these years, and the aim was to analyse the differences in both the oak forest and the open field ecosystems. Trees were re-measured and soil profiles were resampled. Important visible changes in the oak forest were stated concerning the vitality of oaks. Aboveground there was a decrease in tree biomass, production and litter fall, but a huge increase in standing dead logs. During the years, the deposition of sulphur had decreased drastically, but nitrogen deposition was still high. Soil acidification in the forest had decreased, reflected in an increased base saturation in the forest, in spite of slightly lowered pH-values. Strongly increased amounts of exchangeable Ca and Mg now appeared in the forest soil, and a substantial transport of calcium and magnesium had obviously taken place from the forest soil to the meadow and fens during the years. However, the most important soil change was the accumulation of organic matter. The increased accumulation of organic matter in turn meant increased amounts of colloid particles and microsites for ion exchange in the soil. This favoured 2-valence base cations, and especially Ca and Mg that increased very much in all the studied ecosystems. Carbon as well as nitrogen had strongly increased in the forest, meadow and fen soils. This was interpreted as a natural result of increased vegetation growth due to high nitrogen deposition, increased global annual temperature and increased carbon dioxide concentration in air. It was concluded that the decreased deposition of sulphur had had a positive effect on soil chemistry, and that the deposition of nitrogen probably had stimulated vegetation growth in general, and contributed to increased amount of organic matter in the soils. However, in this studied oak forest, the decre

关键词： Oak Disease Tree Vitality Deposition of S and N Soil Acidification Soil C and N Accumulation Increased Amounts of Ca and Mg

DEVELOPMENT OF A ROCK MECHANICS STRATEGY FOR SITING THE swedish REPOSITORY FOR SPENT FUEL

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DEVELOPMENT OF A ROCK MECHANICS STRATEGY FOR SITING THE SWED...

An Autonomous Electric Powered Tractor--Simulation of All Operations on a swedish Dairy Farmagricultural m machinery. This s study investig gated the feasib bility of an au utonomous batte ery electric tra actor through simulation. The e

The 2nd International Conference on New Development in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

作者： R.CHRISTIANSSON J.A.HUDSON swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. StockholmSweden Rock Engineering Consultants and Imperial College UK

＜正＞A series of site investigations is planned as part of the swedish nuclear waste disposal *** order to provide the necessary rock mechanics support for these site investigations,a strategy has been developed which includes the follwing items: - quality control of rock mechanics data,including techniques to reduce uncertainties;- a descriptive rock mechanics methodology(which has been verified by a Test Case using

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2018年第3期8卷 182-187页

作者： Jonas Engstrom Oscar Lagnelov Research Institutes of Sweden(RISE) Agrifood and BioscienceUppsala 75651Sweden Department of Energy and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural ScienceUppsala 75651Sweden

For a conventional agricultural tractor the main environmental effects origina ates from the usage phase, more specifically from the diesel use and exhausts. To decre ease the environ nmental effect, it is vital to find a substitute for fossil diesel as a fuel for agricultural machinery. This s study investig gated the feasib bility of an autonomous battery electric tractor through simulation. The simulated farm is an organic dairy farm of 200 ha with five crops in the crop rotation cycle and a traditional plough among the used implements. Based on the res sult from the simulation cost calculations, sensitivity analysi is and a limited life cycle analysis （LCA） was made. The results show that it is in theory possible to replace a conventional tractor （160 kW） with two autonomous battery powered machines （36 kW engine, 113 kWh battery） with 15% lower costs. Energy consumption would be red duced by 58% a and greenhouse gas emissions by 92% compared to diesel when energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from battery manufacturing were included. Today the technology for autonom mous control is under fast development, but there are yet no systems on the market that can handle all machinery tasks like assumed in this study. Challenges yet to solve are , among others, legislative, relevant sensors, logistics and fleet management. Further rese earch is needed to verify the results in practical farming.

关键词： Autonomous agriculture electric battery tractor farming fossil free sustainable

The Correlation between Synthetic Oxytocin Given during Labor and Women’s Personality Traits According to the SSP (swedish University Scales of Personality) Survey: A Pilot Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第6期11卷 701-712页

作者： Eva Wiberg-Itzel Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg Department of Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institute Women’s Clinic Sodersjukhuset Sweden Department of Animal Environment and Health Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Skara Sweden

Background: In modern obstetric care, oxytocin is one of the most frequently used drugs, and the possible mental impact this drug has on women is very little studied. The objective of this study is to investigate whether women augmented with oxytocin during labor will rate their personality profile differently after childbirth than non-stimulated women. Methods: Prospective cohort study was performed at Women’s Clinic, Soder hospital, Stockholm.76 women received the SSP (Swedish University Scales of Personality) questionnaire to fill in during their stay in the post-maternity ward after labor. Information about the use of oxytocin was retrieved from the women’s medical records. Primary outcome: Differences in the SSP scores in the group augmented with synthetic oxytocin during labor compared with the non-augmented group. Results: Women with and without oxytocin estimates on the SSP subscale form differed regarding personality traits described as “lack of assertiveness” (p = 0.04), which means “lack of ability to speak up and to be self-assertive in social situations”. The result also showed that women that had a long time of augmentation with oxytocin (>5 h) scored higher for “social desirability” (p = 0.004), which was defined as being “socially adapted,” “friendly,” and “helpful”. A difference in “psychological anxiety” (p = 0.04) and “social desirability” (p = 0.004) was found among women who had oxytocin in a dose of at least 200 ImU/h for ≥1 hour. This group also had a lower rate of “mental anxiety” than those who received lower oxytocin doses. Conclusion:

关键词： Anxiety Augmentation Oxytocin Personality Traits

Sharing Knowledge： How to Highlight Proven Experience in the swedish Armed Forces

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2011年第5期8卷 410-414页

作者： Ulrica Pettersson Lund University Centre for Risk Assessment and Management Lund SE-221 00 Sweden swedish National Defence College Department of Military Studies Stockholm SE-115 93 Sweden

A trait-based approach to assess climate change sensitivity of freshwater invertebrates across swedish ecoregions

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Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 221-232页

作者： Leonard SANDIN Astrid SCHMIDT-KLOIBER Jens-Christian SVENNING Erik JEPPESEN Nikolai FRIBERG Department of Bioscience and Arctic Centre Aarhus University VejlsФvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box 7050 SE-750 07 UppsalaSweden Department Water Atmosphere Environment Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management University of NaturalResources and Life Sciences Max-Emanuel Strasse 17 1180 Vienna Austria Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Beijing China Norwegian Institute for Water Research Gaustadall6en 21 NO-0349 Oslo Norway

Freshwater habitats and organisms are among the most threatened on Earth, and freshwater ecosystems have been subject to large biodiversity losses. We developed a Climate Change Sensitivity （CCS） indicator based on trait information for a selection of stream- and lake-dwelling Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa. We calculated the CCS scores based on ten species traits identified as sensitive to global climate change. We then assessed climate change sensitivity between the six main ecoregions of Sweden as well as the three swedish regions based on lilies. This was done using biological data from 1,382 stream and lake sites where we compared large-scale （ecoregional） patterns in climate change sensitivity with potential future exposure of these ecosystems to increased temperatures using ensemble-modelled future changes in air temperature. Current （1961-1990） measured temperature and ensemble-modelled future （2100） temperature showed an increase from the northernmost towards the southern ecoregions, whereas the predicted temperature change increased from south to north. The CCS indicator scores were highest in the two northernmost boreal ecoregions where we also can expect the largest global climate change-induced increase in temperature, indicating an unfortunate congruence of exposure and sensitivity to climate change. These results are of vital importance when planning and implementing management and conservation strategies in freshwater ecosystems, e.g., to mitigate increased temperatures using riparian buffer strips. We conclude that traits information on taxa specialization, e.g., in terms of feeding specialism or taxa having a preference for high altitudes as well as sensitivity to changes in temperature are important when assessing the risk from future global climate change to freshwater ecosystems [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 221-232, 2014].

关键词： Climate change Indicators Traits Freshwater Macroinvertebrates Ecoregions

Genome differentiation in Magonoliaceae as revealed from meiotic pairing in interspecific and intergeneric hybrids

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 518-527页

作者： Erland EJDER University of Lund and swedish Magnolia Group

The cross compatibility within and between Yulania Spach and Michelia L.(Magnoliaceae) is relatively good and various such hybrids,obtained by conventional artificial hybridization,are *** aim of the present study was to determine the extent of genome differentiation between the species involved in these crosses through the observation of chromosome pairing during meiosis in pollen mother cells(PMCs) of the *** pairing behavior was studied in five species(2n = 38) and two interspecific hybrids of Michelia,eight species(2n = 38,76 and 114) and 10 interspecific hybrids of Yulania,and three intergeneric hybrids between Michelia and *** results showed that chromosome pairing was normal with bivalent formation in diploid parental species and in interspecific *** addition to bivalents,multivalents were encountered in polyploid parental species and polyploid interspecific *** the intergeneric hybrids between a tetraploid Yulania and two diploid Michelia,19 chromosomes,most likely originating from Michelia,were unable to synapse from zygotene to metaphase *** chromosome pairing indicated a high degree of homology between species within Michelia and Yulania and less homology between the genomes of these two *** differentiation of morphological characters and the distinctness of natural distribution also support the conclusion that these two genera are likely independent monophyletic *** suggests that the two genera were split at early evolution of Magnoliaceae and the overlapping characteristics in external morphology and internal structures of the two genera may be the result of parallel evolution or ancient common ancestry.

关键词： intergeneric hybrids interspecific hybrids Magnoliaceae meiotic behavior Michelia Yulania.

Observation of the lower hybrid waves near the three-dimensional null pair

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第4期52卷 626-630页

作者： A. VAIVADS M. ANDRE swedish Institute of Space Physics

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in plasma,which is thought to play important roles both in laboratory and natural plasmas through affecting magnetic topology,heating and accelerating particles. During an event on Oct. 1st,2001,the Cluster tetrahedron circled around the magnetic reconnection region several times,and Xiao et al. first identified the null pair and found that the spectrum of the null-point oscillation shows the maximum power near the lower-hybrid frequency. In this paper we report the observation of electromagnetic and electrostatic wave enhancements near lower hybrid frequency associated with the reconnection process near the null pair. The lower hybrid waves(LHWs) with quasi-perpendicular propagation were identified and also confirmed by the power law of the spectrum of electric and magnetic fields.

关键词： lower hybrid wave null point magnetic reconnection