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Current Situation Analysis and Suggestions for Solid Waste Management Practices among Households in Freetown

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 95-109页

作者： Patrick Fayia Kanty Mohamed Yateh Yongji Zhang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China state Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China

Freetown which is the capital city of Sierra Leone is facing challenges with population growth, urbanization, and industrialization, leading to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. The study aims to evaluate MSW generation, composition, and disposal methods, as well as the impact of collection fees, policy implementation, and women’s participation in municipal solid waste management (MSWM). The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. The study administered 393 structured questionnaires in three selected sections to collect data on variables such as family size, education, level of knowledge, etc. The study used door-to-door data collection to determine the rate of solid waste generation, composition, and disposal in 66 households from two of the selected sections and 34 households from the other section to evaluate the current situation of MSWM practices among households in Freetown. The study used a descriptive statistic to analyze the data collected using Origin-Pro9 and MS Excel software. The findings showed that with a 4.2% urban growth rate, Freetown had a population of 1,467,543 in 2023, generating 851 tons of MSW per day, with organic waste accounting for 78% of the total MSW generated. Plastic waste generation also increased from 7.6% in 2020 to 13% in 2023. The study emphasizes the need to sustain the MSWM system by prioritizing solid waste collection fees, policy enforcement, and women’s participation in the MSWM sector. It further suggests and provides recommendations for developing an efficient and sustainable MSWM system in Sierra Leone, including knowledge transfer from countries like China and the US.

关键词： Freetown Municipal Solid Waste Management Waste Composition Waste Disposal Waste Generation

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GM-CSF Promotes the Development of Dysfunctional Vascular Networks in Moyamoya Disease

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第4期40卷 451-465页

作者： Huiqin Li Xiang Cao Xinya Gu Mengqi Dong Lili Huang Chenglu Mao Shengnan Xia Haiyan Yang Xinyu Bao Yongbo Yang Yun Xu Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical UniversityNanjing210008China Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210008China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210008China Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology Nanjing210008China Nanjing Neurology Medical Center Nanjing210008China

Moyamoya disease(MMD)is a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease with the development of a network of abnormal *** inflammation is associated with the occurrence and development of ***,the mechanisms underlying the formation of the abnormal vascular network remain ***-eight patients with MMD,26 ischemic stroke patients,and 26 unrelated healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study The data showed that the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)were higher in MMD patients than in healthy controls(P<0.01),and GM-CSF was mainly from Th1 and Th17 cells in *** found that increased GM-CSF drove monocytes to secrete a series of cytokines associated with angiogenesis,inflammation,and *** summary,our findings demonstrate for the first time the important involvement of GM-CSF in MMD and that GM-CSF is an important factor in the formation of abnormal vascular networks in MMD.

关键词： Moyamoya disease Vascular endothelial cells GM-CSF VEGF

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Bacterial Exofactors Modulate Biofilm Growth and Resistivity to Antimicrobial Drugs

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 11-24页

作者： Van Nguyen^# Bea Penaredondo^# Girdhari Rijal Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Public Health and Nutrition Science College of Health Sciences Tarleton State University A Member of Texas A & M University System Fort Worth Texas USA

Some bacteria have the ability to co-exist, proliferate and survive in a multicellular community, biofilm. Each participating bacteria can form its colonies and encases itself by a self-produced insoluble extracellular matrix substance (EPS). Microcolonies within biofilm are held together by interactions and bonding of the substances present in the EPS with their separation from the water channels. Similar to insoluble EPS, bacterial microcolonies release soluble exofactors that have direct impacts on the survivability, growth and antibacterial resistivity of other microcolonies made of single- or multi-species bacteria in the same biofilm. How the exofactors of microcolonies of one-type bacteria impact on microcolonies of other-type bacteria is still unclear. We studied about the role of exofactors released from Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are common biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. Exofactors facilitate to transform the microenvironment where bacteria can acquire alternative lifestyle with a long survival period and resistivity to certain antimicrobial drugs.

关键词： Biofilm Exofactors Antimicrobial Drugs Growth Extracellular Matrix Substance Microcolonies

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The ERF transcription factor LTF1 activates DIR1 to control stereoselective synthesis of antiviral lignans and stress defense in Isatis indigotica roots

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 405-420页

作者： Ruibing Chen Jian Yu Luyao Yu Liang Xiao Ying Xiao Junfeng Chen Shouhong Gao Xianghui Chen Qing Li Henan Zhang Wansheng Chen Lei Zhang Department of Pharmaceutical Botany School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China Department of Pharmacy Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200003China School of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Edible Fungi Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Edible FungiKey Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization(South)Ministry of AgricultureShanghai 201403China College of Life Sciences and Medicine Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China state Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Beijing 100700China

Lignans are a powerful weapon for plants to resist stresses and have diverse bioactive functions to protect human *** the mechanisms of stereoselective biosynthesis and response to stresses of lignans is important for the guidance of plant ***,we identified the complete pathway to stereoselectively synthesize antiviral(-)-lariciresinol glucosides in Isatis indigotica roots,which consists of three-step sequential stereoselective enzymes DIR1/2,PLR,and ***1 was further identified as the key gene in respoJanuary 2024nse to stresses and was able to trigger stress defenses by mediating the elevation in lignan ***,the phytohormone-responsive ERF transcription factor LTF1 colocalized with DIR1 in the cell periphery of the vascular regions in mature roots and helped resist biotic and abiotic stresses by directly regulating the expression of *** systematic results suggest that DIR1 as the first common step of the lignan pathway cooperates with PLR and UGT71B2 to stereoselectively synthesize(-)-lariciresinol derived antiviral lignans in *** roots and is also a part of the LTF1-mediated regulatory network to resist *** conclusion,the LTF1-DIR1 module is an ideal engineering target to improve plant Defenses while increasing the content of valuable lignans in plants.

关键词： Lignans Stereoselective synthesis Stress resistance Dirigent protein ERF

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Correlation of Microbiological Stability with Redox Processes in White Wines

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 211-223页

作者： Gheorghe Duca Rodica Sturza Natalia Vladei Ecaterina Covaci Research Centre of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry State University of Moldova Chisinau Republic of Moldova Department of Oenology and Chemistry Faculty of Food Technology Technical University of Moldova Chisinau Republic of Moldova

In this paper, the authors analyzed the correlation between the microbiological stability of white wines and the content of sulfur dioxide, which influences the main redox processes that take place in the technological stages of the wine. The consecutive, parallel and spontaneous development of several redox processes and their impact on the quality, microbiological and crystalline stability of white wines were examined. The reduction of additive and subtractive technological interventions, of the amounts of adjuvants (sulphurous anhydride) is essential for the production of organic wines.

关键词： White Wines Acetobacter Sulfur Dioxide Redox Processes Oxygen

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A piezoelectric-driven microneedle platform for skin disease therapy

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 110-121页

作者： Ziyan Chen Xin Liu Zixi Jiang Huayi Wu Tao Yang Lanyuan Peng Lisha Wu Zhongling Luo Mi Zhang Juan Su Yan Tang Jinmao Li Yang Xie Han Shan Qibo Lin Xiuli Wang Xiang Chen Hanmin Peng Shuang Zhao Zeyu Chen Department of Dermatology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Furong Laboratory(Precision Medicine) Changsha 410008China National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Dermatology Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710000China state Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics&AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Institute of Photomedicine Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200443China

With over a million cases detected each year,skin disease is a global public health problem that diminishes the quality of life due to its difficulty to eradicate,propensity for recurrence,and potential for post-treatment *** therapy(PDT)is a treatment with minimal invasiveness or scarring and few side effects,making it well tolerated by ***,this treatment requires further research and development to improve its effective clinical ***,a piezoelectric-driven microneedle(PDMN)platform that achieves high efficiency,safety,and non-invasiveness for enhanced PDT is *** platform induces deep tissue cavitation,increasing the level of protoporphyrin IX and significantly enhancing drug penetration.A clinical trial involving 25 patients with skin disease was conducted to investigate the timeliness and efficacy of PDMN-assisted PDT(PDMN-PDT).Our findings suggested that PDMN-PDT boosted treatment effectiveness and reduced the required incubation time and drug concentration by 25%and 50%,respectively,without any anesthesia compared to traditional *** findings suggest that PDMN-PDT is a safe and minimally invasive approach for skin disease treatment,which may improve the therapeutic efficacy of topical medications and enable translation for future clinical applications.

关键词： needle anesthesia clinical

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A core scientific problem in the treatment of central nervous system diseases:newborn neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2588-2601页

作者： Peng Hao Zhaoyang Yang Kwok-Fai So Xiaoguang Li Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint LaboratoryJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Bioland Laboratory(Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology and state Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administration RegionChina Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay AreaGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina

It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult *** over recent decades,numerous studies have established that endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult central nervous system,including humans'.This has challenged the long-held scientific consensus that the number of adult neurons remains constant,and that new central nervous system neurons cannot be created or ***,we present a comprehensive overview of the alterations and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis following central nervous system injury,and describe novel treatment strategies that to rget endogenous neurogenesis and newborn neurons in the treatment of central nervous system *** nervous system injury frequently results in alterations of endogenous neurogenesis,encompassing the activation,proliferation,ectopic migration,diffe rentiation,and functional integration of endogenous neural stem *** of the unfavorable local microenvironment,most activated neural stem cells diffe rentiate into glial cells rather than ***,the injury-induced endogenous neurogenesis response is inadequate for repairing impaired neural *** have attempted to enhance endogenous neurogenesis using various strategies,including using neurotrophic factors,bioactive materials,and cell reprogramming *** alone or in combination,these therapeutic strategies can promote targeted migration of neural stem cells to an injured area,ensure their survival and diffe rentiation into mature functional neurons,and facilitate their integration into the neural *** can integration re plenish lost neurons after central nervous system injury,by improving the local *** regulating each phase of endogenous neurogenesis,endogenous neural stem cells can be harnessed to promote effective regeneration of newborn ***

关键词： bioactive materials brain trauma endogenous neurogenesis hippocampal dentate gyrus neural stem cells neurotrophic factors newborn neurons spinal cord injury stroke subventricular zone

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Distinct molecular targets of ProEGCG from EGCG and superior inhibition of angiogenesis signaling pathways for treatment of endometriosis

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第1期14卷 100-114页

作者： Sze Wan Hung Massimiliano Gaetani Yiran Li Zhouyurong Tan Xu Zheng Ruizhe Zhang Yang Ding Gene Chi Wai Man Tao Zhang Yi Song Yao Wang Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung Tak Hang Chan Roman A.Zubarev Chi Chiu Wang Department of Obstetrics&Gynaecology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Physiological Chemistry I Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE 17177Sweden Chemical Proteomics Core Facility Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE 17177Sweden Unit of Chemical Proteomics Science for Life Laboratory(SciLifeLab)StockholmSE 17177Sweden Center for Reproductive Medicine Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and GeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450003China Department of Chemistry McGill UniversityMontrealH3A2K6Canada Department of Pharmacological&Technological Chemistry I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscow119146Russia Reproduction and Development Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Chinese university of Hong Kong-Sichuan university Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disease with endometrial cell implantation outside the *** is a major pathophysiology in *** previous studies have demonstrated that the prodrug of epigallocatechin gallate(ProEGCG)exhibits superior anti-endometriotic and anti-angiogenic effects compared to epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG).However,their direct binding targets and underlying mechanisms for the differential effects remain *** this study,we demonstrated that oral ProEGCG can be effective in preventing and treating ***,1D and 2D Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration assay-based chemical proteomics identified metadherin(MTDH)and PX domain containing serine/threonine kinase-like(PXK)as novel binding targets of EGCG and ProEGCG,*** simulation and BioLayer interferometry were used to confirm their binding *** results showed that MTDH-EGCG inhibited protein kinase B(Akt)-mediated angiogenesis,while PXK-ProEGCG inhibited epidermal growth factor(EGF)-mediated angiogenesis via the EGF/hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF-1a)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)*** vitro and in vivo knockdown assays and microvascular network imaging further confirmed the involvement of these signaling ***,our study demonstrated that ProEGCG has superior therapeutic effects than EGCG by targeting distinct signal transduction pathways and may act as a novel antiangiogenic therapy for endometriosis.

关键词： Molecular targets ProEGCG EGCG Angiogenesis Treatment Endometriosis

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Comparative efficacy and safety between endoscopic submucosal dissection,surgery and definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with cT1N0M0 esophageal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第2期16卷 72-82页

作者： Shu-Ai Luo Yu-Ying Sun Ya-Ting Zeng Chun-Yu Huang state Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and surgical resection are the standard of care for cT1N0M0 esophageal cancer(EC),whereas definitive chemoradiotherapy(d-CRT)is a treatment ***,the comparative efficiency and safety of ESD,surgery and d-CRT for cT1N0M0 EC remain *** To compare the efficiency and safety of ESD,surgery and d-CRT for cT1N0M0 *** We retrospectively analyzed the hospitalized data of a total of 472 consecutive patients with cT1N0M0 EC treated at Sun Yat-sen university Cancer center between 2017-2019 and followed up until October 30th,*** analyzed demographic,medical recorded,histopathologic characteristics,imaging and endoscopic,and follow-up *** Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to analyze the difference of survival outcome by *** probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)was used to minimize potential confounding *** We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent ESD(n=99)or surgery(n=220)or d-CRT(n=16)at the Sun Yat-sen university Cancer Center from 2017 to *** median follow-up time for the ESD group,the surgery group,and the d-CRT group was 42.0 mo(95%CI:35.0-60.2),45.0 mo(95%CI:34.0-61.75)and 32.5 mo(95%CI:28.3-40.0),*** adjusting for background factors using IPTW,the highest 3-year overall survival(OS)rate and 3-year recurrence-free survival(RFS)rate were observed in the ESD group(3-year OS:99.7% and 94.7% and 79.1%;and 3-year RFS:98.3%,87.4% and 79.1%,in the ESD,surgical,and d-CRT groups,respectively).There was no difference of severe complications occurring between the three groups(P≥0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that treatment method,histology and depth of infiltration were independently associated with OS and *** For cT1N0M0 EC,ESD had better long-term survival and lower hospitalization costs than those who underwent d-CRT and surgery,with a similar rate of severe complications occurring.

关键词： Retrospective study cT1N0M0 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Endoscopic submucosal dissection Surgery Definitive chemoradiotherapy

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In situ observation of the phase transformation kinetics of bismuth during shock release

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 586-592页

作者：李江涛王倩男徐亮柳雷张航 Sota Takagi Kouhei Ichiyanagi Ryo Fukaya Shunsuke Nozawa 胡建波 Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research Institute of Fluid PhysicsChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China state Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo102-0083Japan Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationIbaraki305-8572Japan

A time-resolved x-ray diffraction technique is employed to monitor the structural transformation of laser-shocked *** reveal a retarded transformation from the shock-induced Bi-Ⅴphase to a metastable Bi-Ⅳphase during the shock release,instead of the thermodynamically stable Bi-Ⅲ*** emergence of the metastable Bi-Ⅳphase is understood by the competitive interplay between two transformation pathways towards the Bi-Ⅳand Bi-Ⅲ,*** former is more rapid than the latter because the Bi-Ⅴto B-Ⅳtransformation is driven by interaction between the closest atoms while the Bi-Ⅴto B-Ⅲtransformation requires interaction between the second-closest *** nucleation time for the Bi-Ⅴto Bi-Ⅳtransformation is determined to be 5.1±0.9 ns according to a classical nucleation *** observation demonstrates the importance of the formation of the transient metastable phases,which can change the phase transformation pathway in a dynamic process.

关键词： phase transformation time-resolved x-ray diffraction(XRD) bismuth metastable phase nonequilibrium phase diagram

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