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ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS BUBBLES IN BIOLOGICAL TIESSURE

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第1期21卷 47-64页

作者： CHAHINE Georges L. TANGUAY Michel LORAINE Greg DYNAFLOW INC. 10621-J Iron Bridge Road Jessup Maryland 20794 USA

An acoustic based instrument, the ABS Acoustic Bubble Spectrometer@@（ABS）, was investigated for the detection and quantification of bubbles in biological media. These inc.ude viscoelastic media （blood）, materials of varying density （bone in tissue）, non-homogenous distribution of bubbles （intravenous bubbly flow）, and bubbles migrating in tissue （decompression sickness, DCS）. The performance of the ABS was demonstrated in a series of laboratory experiments. Validation of the code was performed using a viscoelastic polymer solution, Polyox, in which the bubble size distribution and void fraction were determined by ABS measurements and with image analysis of high speed videos. These tests showed that the accuracy of the ABS was not significantly affected by viscoelasticity for bubbles smaller than 200 microns. The ABS detection and measurement of non-homogenous bubble distributions was demonstrated using a bubbly flow through a simulated vein surrounded by tissue. The scatter of acoustic signals due to bones in the acoustic pathway was also investigated. These in-vitro experiments were done using meat （beef） as a tissue simulant. Decompression experiments were done using beef meat which was held underwater at high pressure （9.9 atm） then rapidly decompressed. Bubble size distributions and void fraction calculations in these experiments were then validated using image analysis of high speed video. In addition, preliminary experiments were performed with the US Navy Medical Research Center, demonstrating the utility of the modified ABS system in detecting the evolution of bubbles in swine undergoing decompression sickness （DCS）. These results indicate that the ABS may be used to detect and quantify the evolution of bubbles in-vivo and aid in the monitoring of DCS.

关键词： ABS Acoustic Bubble Spectrometer@@ (ABS) biological tissue decompression sickness (DCS)

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Is the possible fine-structure constant drift also a test of a time-dependent Planck constant?

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第12期54卷 2191-2195页

作者： ZTAS A. M. SMITH M. L. Engineering Physics Hacettepe University Jannek Fuel inc. Phoenix

The recent publication of spatial and distance variation of the fine-structure constant, α, derived from astronomical data of quasar emissions (QE) is exciting. The decreasing value of α over time, derived from data obtained from the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, encourages the search for other possible running constants. We surmise that emissions from distant supernovae, type Ia (SNe Ia), which are more blue than predictions are best explained by a decreasing Planck constant with inc.easing lookback time. We present some results from our theoretical work and comparison to the astronomical observations and suggest that both α and h might be running constants. More data are required to answer several questions about the origin of the "drifting" α and the possible time dependence of h. Astronomical tools such as SNe and QE may be the best means to secure the exacting data needed to confirm or deny these hypotheses.

关键词： alpha quasars distance measurement supernovae CMB

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Probiotic Medilac-S^(█) for the induction of clinical remission in a Chinese population with ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第15期6卷 961-984页

作者： Ghania Sohail Xiaoyu Xu Mary C Christman Thomas A Tompkins Lallemand Health Solutions inc. MCC Statistical Consulting

AIM To assess the effects of probiotic Medilac-S~ as adjunctive therapy for the induction of remission of ulcerative colitis(UC) in a Chinese population through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to find randomized, controlled trials in a Chinese population with at least two study arms-a control arm which receives a conventional, oral aminosalicylate drug, and a treatment arm, which administers the same conventional drug in conjunction with the probiotic Medilac-S~ per os. Both English and Chinese databases were searched, inc.uding Pub Med, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP Search, and study data was extracted onto standardized abstraction sheets. Meta-analyses were conducted for primary and secondary outcomes of interest using a fixed or random effects model. The primary outcome was the induction of clinical remission and the secondary outcomes inc.uded changes in Sutherland index, endoscopic and histological scores, proportion of reported clinical symptoms and adverse events(AEs). For outcomes with sufficient data, the type of conventional drug therapy was also assessed to determine if the effects of combination therapy with Medilac-S~ was influenced by drug type. All tests were conducted using a type Ⅰ error rate of 0.05 and all confidence intervals(CI) were based on a 95% confidence level. Review protocol was uploaded to PROSPERO(CRD42018085658 upon completion).RESULTS Fifty-three clinical trials with a total of 3984 participants were identified and inc.uded in the review. Medilac-S~ adjunctive therapy significantly improved induction of clinical remission(RR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.18-1.24; P < 0.0001) with the estimated likelihood of effective treatment, on average, 21% higher for those consuming the probiotic. Sutherland index scores showed the control mean was on average 3.10(CI: 2.41-3.78; P = 0.0428) units greater than the treatment mean, thereby de

关键词： Clinical remission Systematic review Meta-analysis Mesalazine Sulfasalazine Ulcerative colitis Medilac-S^(█)

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Reverse mode switching of the random laser emission in dye doped liquid crystals under homogeneous and inhomogeneous electric fields

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Photonics Research 2016年第1期4卷 7-12页

作者： M.Shasti P.Coutino S.Mukherjee A.Varanytsia T.Smith A.P.Luchette L.Sukhomlinova T.Kosa A.Munoz B.Taheri Alpha Micron inc. Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University

We report the observation of electric field induced random lasing in a dye doped liquid crystal system. This was achieved by using a liquid crystal host with negative dielectric anisotropy doped with laser dye PM 597 in a 75 μm cell with a homeotropic alignment layer. In the absence of an applied field, only amplified spontaneous emission was observed sinc. the liquid crystal orientation was uniform. However, application of a field resulted in a fieldinduced planar-like configuration with local nonuniformity in liquid crystal orientation. This led to random lasing in the energized state(voltage greater than a transition threshold). The onset of lasing occurs by application of either a spatially homogenous or a spatially inhomogeneous electric field across the liquid crystal. The characteristics of the emission spectra as a function of different(i) dye concentration and(ii) applied voltage were investigated using nanosecond pulsed laser excitation at 532 nm. The effects of using an inhomogeneous field were compared to the use of a homogenous field and reported. It is shown that the spatial configuration can be used to alter the emission spectra of the system. The work is used to suggest a new configuration, referred to here as"reverse mode," for liquid crystal-based random lasers. This new configuration may provide additional avenues for their use in commercial devices.

关键词： mode Reverse mode switching of the random laser emission in dye doped liquid crystals under homogeneous and inhomogeneous electric fields

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THREE BAYS ESTUARY(BARNSTABLE,CAPE COD)WATERSHED RESTORATION PL AN:A GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE APPROACH

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Journal of Green Building 2016年第2期11卷 22-38页

作者： Scott Horsley Erin Perry Lindsey Counsell Horsley Witten Group Inc. Cape Cod Commission Three Bays Preservation Inc

This paper presents an approach described as“non-traditional”for restoring water quality and ecosystem services that have been degraded as a result of excess *** focuses on emerging technologies often referred to as green *** technologies may provide cost effective alternatives to traditional,gray infrastructure such as sewering and is likely to provide significant co-benefits inc.uding the creation of local jobs,the preservation of real estate values,and habitat *** paper focuses on the Three Bays estuary on Cape Cod to illustrate the benefits and potential of green infrastructure *** Three Bays estuary is presented as a case study and as a representative example of implementation of the broader Cape Cod Water Quality Management Plan Update(208 Plan Update)-a nationally-recognized watershed planning project designed to provide a pathway for the fifteen towns of Cape Cod to achieve compliance with Section 208 of the Clean Water *** Three Bays estuary and embayment system is a scenic Cape Cod bay that hosts sailing,kayaking,swimming and shellfishing and is located in the Town of *** is comprised of three primary segments that inc.ude West Bay,North Bay and Cotuit ***-systems inc.ude Princ. Cove that flows into North Bay,the Narrows that flows between North Bay and Cotuit Bay and Eel Pond that flows into East Bay(see Figure 1).The Massachusetts Estuaries Project(MEP)is a state-sanctioned watershedmodeling project that assesses the conditions of the state’s estuaries and required restoration *** technical report(2006)indicates that the water quality of the Three Bays system has resulted in seriously degraded to moderately degraded *** system is listed as an impaired water body on the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)303d list of impaired *** approved Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL)for nitrogen has been established for the *** assessment is supported by more recent em

关键词： water quality green infrastructure ecosystem services stormwater management floating constructed wetlands nitrogen management permeable reactive barriers urine diversion technology

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Targeting epidermal Langerhans cells by epidermal powder immunization

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Cell Research 2002年第2期12卷 97-104页

作者： DEXIANG CHEN, LENDON G PAYNEPowderJect Vaccines, inc. 585 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA 1PowderJect Vaccines Inc. 585 Science Drive Madison WI 53711 USA 1PowderJect Vaccines Inc. 585 Science Drive Madison WI 53711 USA

Immune reactions to foreign or self-antigens lead to protective immunity and, sometimes, immune disorders such as allergies and autoimmune diseases. Antigen presenting cells （APC） inc.uding epidermal Langerhans cells （LCs） play an important role in the course and outcome of the immune reactions. Epidermal powder immunization （EPI） is a technology that offers a tool to manipulate the LCs and the potential to harness the immune reactions towards prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and immune disorders.

关键词： Langerhans cells dendritic cells vaccines epidermal immunization.

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Phosphodiesterase 1:a unique therapeutic target with multiple potential indications

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2017年第5期31卷 452-453页

作者： Larry WENNOGLE Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc.

Cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1(PDE1) is a unique enzyme family hydrolyzing both cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) intra-cellular signaling molecules. A unique aspect of this enzyme family is its activation by calcium-calmodulin upon excitation of excitatory cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. In chronic degenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease,Alzheimer disease and heart failure,over-stimulation and chronic excessive levels of intra-cellular calcium leads to cell death. Targeting the PDE1 enzyme family with enzyme inhibitors is a novel approach to develop therapeutic agents for degenerative disorders. ITI-214 is a potent,and selective PDE1 inhibitor that has been tested in four human clinical trials. It is safe and well tolerated even at high dose levels that lead to high plasma and cerebral spinal fluid levels. In animal models,ITI-214 has cognitive enhancing properties as demonstrated in the rat novel object recognition model. Using a unilateral 6-hydroxy-dopamine lesion mouse model,the cylinder test readout of front paw use indicated that ITI-214 displays L-DOPA sparing effects ITI-214 reverses catalepsy induced by the potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol,indicating potential applications in Parkinson disease and as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia. Aspects of the Intra-Cellular Therapies PDE1 inhibitor program wil be outlined and the potential application to multiple therapeutic areas wil be discussed.

关键词： cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 calmodulin-activation cognition degenerative therapies

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WATERLESS URINALS:FEATURES,BENEFITS,AND APPLICATIONS

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Journal of Green Building 2006年第1期1卷 55-62页

作者： Vice-President James D.McClure David Fisher McClure&Assoc. Inc.

INTRODUCTION Billions of gallons of water are used annually to flush toilets in the United *** of this usage inc.ude consumption of natural resources and construction of new infrastructure to treat and transmit potable water and ***,or no-flush urinals,may help mitigate these effects and offer other advantages,inc.uding lower utility charges,improved restroom hygiene,and decreased fixture *** notable caveats inc.ude possible lack of acceptance by users,odor control problems,and rejection by code *** urine is about 96%liquid,no additional water is really needed to wash it down the *** waterless,urinal,looking much like its conventional counterpart,takes advantage of this concept with generally positive *** paper will discuss the design,applications,operation,maintenance,advantages,and disadvantages of waterless *** results of two surveys of current users will be shared.A case study from a Texas school district will be also presented.

关键词： annually wastewater maintenance

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SUSTAINABLE,AFFORDABLE HOUSING-MOVING TOWARDS ZERO ENERGY

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Journal of Green Building 2012年第2期7卷 31-43页

作者： Robb Aldrich Steven Winter Associates Inc.

INTRODUCTION In 2010,Rural Development,inc.(RDI)completed construction of Wisdom Way Solar Village(WWSV),a community of 20 homes(ten duplexes)in Greenfield,*** was committed to very low energy use and sustainable building practices from the outset as they assembled a committed design and construction *** team worked together closely to optimize site planning,home design and envelope systems,IEQ strategies,sustainable materials,and HVAC and solar *** of the homes were reserved for low-and moderate-inc.me buyers,and most of the buyers were first-time *** coordinated outreach and training for buyers about the homes’design and advanced *** homes’design,orientation,and excellent building envelope allowed for very simple HVAC systems-saving RDI$4,000 or more per home when compared to their standard HVAC *** of these building systems-combined with active solar electric and thermal systems-resulted in average gas and electric bills of less than$350 per year(14%of the regional average,EIA).The homes also achieved LEED for Homes certification at the Platinum *** author(an engineer with Steven Winter Associates,SWA)worked with RDI through the design and construction process and conducted evaluations of several building systems before and during occupancy.

关键词： affordable housing LEED for Homes building envelope HVAC solar water heating solar electric zero-net electric

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RAISING“FREE RANGE KIDS”:CREATING NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS THAT PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP

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Journal of Green Building 2009年第2期4卷 90-106页

作者： Susan Goltsman Laurel Kelly Susan McKay Patricia Algara Larry Wight MIG Inc. United States

INTRODUCTION In the past decade,city living has made a tremendous *** the country,people have returned to urban centers and suburban areas have become more *** concerns inc.ease about urban sprawl and our carbon footprint,as transit-oriented development encourages living closer to transit,work,retail,education,and cultural attractions,and as we redesign cities up rather than out,one critical element is missing:an engagement with *** cally,what’s missing are natural outdoor environments that connect children with nature in their daily lives;nurture active,healthy children;and grow nature-connected children who will become conservation-minded adults,passionate about the health of the biosphere and prepared to act to conserve the earth for future generations.

关键词： PARK PROM closer

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