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Hypothesis and Thought Experiment: Comparing Cognitive Competition of Neandertals and Early Humans, to Our Coming Contest with AIs

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Journal of Social Computing 2024年第2期5卷 122-131页

作者： Margaret Boone Rappaport Christopher J.Corbally The Human Sentience Project LLC TucsonAZ 85704USA the Department of Astronomy Steward ObservatoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA

The history of how Homo sapiens out-survived the Neanderthals is recalled here with the goal of conceiving an edge in our coming competition with a faster, stronger artificial intelligence (AI) who has far greater capacity for information storage. The social and cognitive differences between the two hominid species, Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis, are described. Based on findings from genomics, neuroscience, archaeology, and paleobiology, it appears possible that the capacities of Homo sapiens could outreach those of AIs in some ways. Especially important are human visuospatial, cultural, and, oddly enough, theological capacities, and the interaction of these capacities in group problem-solving. While communication between AIs is fast and can be widespread, the authors ask whether this is the right kind of communication for solving problems of survival. An important question is explored throughout: Is it ethical to withhold from AIs human-like capacities that may become possible to install? Finally, a worrisome question is broached: Is it the best course to create AIs in our own image to safeguard our existence in unknown future interactions with extraterrestrial species, both organic and inorganic?

关键词： cognitive evolution neuroscience genomics visuospatial capacity family structure navigation ethics extraterrestrials

The dilemma of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in the geriatric population

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第3期8卷 195-200页

作者： Diana Revenco James P Morgan Lana Tsao steward St. Elizabeth＇s Medical Center Steward Carney Hospital and Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA 02135 USA

Current guidelines for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator （ICD） therapy in heart failure patients were established by multiple device Irials; however, very few geriatric patients （patients ≥ 65 years old） were included in these studies. This article explores the controversies of ICD implantation in the geriatric population, management of delivered ICD therapy in this age group, and the end of life care in patients with ICD.

关键词： ICD therapy heart failure geriatric population

South Galactic Cap u-band Sky Survey(SCUSS):Project Overview

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第4期16卷 133-144页

作者： Xu Zhou Xiao-Hui Fan Zhou Fan Bo-Liang He Lin-Hua Jiang Zhao-Ji Jiang Yi-Peng Jing Michael Lesser Jun Ma Jun-Dan Nie Shi-Yin Shen Jia-Li Wang Zhen-Yu Wu Tian-Meng Zhang Zhi-Min Zhou Hu Zou Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China steward observatory University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics Department of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Astronomical observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The South Galactic Cap u-band Sky Survey （SCUSS） was established in 2009 in order to provide a photometric input catalog for target selection of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope （LAMOST） project. SCUSS is an international cooperative project between National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and steward observatory at the University of Arizona, using the 90 inch （2.3 m） Bok telescope on Kitt Peak. The telescope is equipped with a prime focus camera that is composed of a mosaic of four 4096 × 4096 CCDs and has a field of view of about 1 deg2. From 2009 to 2013, SCUSS performed a sky survey of an approximately 5000 deg2 field of the South Galactic Cap in u band, including the Galactic anticenter area and the SDSS-IV extended imaging area. The limiting magnitude of SCUSS is deeper than 23 mag （at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5）. In this paper, we briefly describe the goals of this project, method of observations and data reduction, and we also introduce current and potential scientific activities related to the SCUSS project.

关键词： observation: sky survey -- techniques: data reduction -- objects: stars and galaxies

Adaptive Thermoforming and Structural Design of Millimeter-Wave Antenna Panels

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第4期5卷 327-335页

作者： Zack Hatfield Alex St.Peter Christian Davila-Peralta Joel Berkson Daewook Kim Justin Hyatt James C.Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University BlvdTucsonAZ85721USA Department of Astronomy and steward observatory University of Arizona933 N.Cherry AveTucsonAZ85721USA

Future large-scale radio telescope observatories,such as the next-generation Very Large Array,involve extremely large collection *** collection areas are divided into smaller shaped panels,which typically require their own unique molds to *** these projects to be cost-effective,an efficient fabrication method for the shaped panels is *** paper outlines the development and success of a novel adaptive freeform panel molding technology that greatly improves manufacturing efficiency due to its repeatable and reusable ***,it presents an analysis of a proposed panel structural design for the shaped panels,which incorporates a study on surface deformation due to gravity and wind loading under realistic operational conditions.

关键词： Radio telescope Millimeter-wave Thermoform Adaptable mold

Systematic Radio Telescope Alignment Using Portable Fringe Projection Profilometry

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 75-85页

作者： Joel Berkson Justin Hyatt Nathan Julicher Byeongjoon Jeong Isaac Pimienta Rachel Ball Wyatt Ellis Jason Voris Diego Torres‑Barajas Daewook Kim James C.Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy at steward observatory University of Arizona933 N Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA

In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)released the first-ever image of a black hole event *** are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like black holes,to understand more about the fundamental laws of gravity that govern our *** achieve this higher resolution and increased sensitivity,larger radio telescopes are needed to operate at higher frequencies and in larger *** like the next-generation Very Large Array(ngVLA)and the Square-Kilometer Array(SKA)require building hundreds of telescopes with diameters greater than 10 ms over the next *** has a twofold *** telescope surfaces need to be more accurate to operate at higher frequencies,and the logistics involved in maintaining a radio telescope need to be simplified to support them properly in large *** of these problems can be solved with improved methods for surface metrology that are faster and more accurate with a higher *** leads to faster and more accurate panel alignment and,therefore,a more productive *** this paper,we present the use of binocular fringe projection profilometry as a solution to this problem and demonstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m radio telescope *** measurement takes only 10 min and directly delivers feedback on the tip,tilt,and piston of each panel to create the ideal reflector shape.

关键词： Metrology Fringe projection profilometry Off-axis alignment Radio astronomy Radio antenna

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高红移类星体的观测

科学通报 2015年第25期60卷 2387-2395页

作者：江林华吴学兵王然王飞格樊晓晖北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所北京100871 北京大学物理学院天文学系北京100871 steward observatory University of Arizona

在宇宙大爆炸后10亿年以内的高红移(红移大于6)类星体为我们研究早期宇宙提供了重要的探针,这也使得对高红移类星体的观测研究成为星系宇宙学前沿研究领域的一大热点.本文对高红移类星体观测研究的重要性及其宇宙学意义,利用光学和近红... 详细信息

在宇宙大爆炸后10亿年以内的高红移(红移大于6)类星体为我们研究早期宇宙提供了重要的探针,这也使得对高红移类星体的观测研究成为星系宇宙学前沿研究领域的一大热点.本文对高红移类星体观测研究的重要性及其宇宙学意义,利用光学和近红外波段的观测发现早期宇宙中光度最高和中心黑洞质量最大的高红移类星体,以及利用亚毫米、毫米和射电波段观测对高红移类星体寄主星系所开展的研究等进行了较全面地总结,并对这一领域未来的研究前景与挑战进行了展望.

关键词：高红移类星体大质量黑洞宇宙再电离寄主星系

Advances in optical engineering for future telescopes

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2021年第6期4卷 20-43页

作者： Daewook Kim Heejoo Choi Trenton Brendel Henry Quach Marcos Esparza Hyukmo Kang Yi-Ting Feng Jaren NAshcraft Xiaolong Ke Tianyi Wang Ewan SDouglas Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy and steward observatory University of Arizona933 N.Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA Large Binocular Telescope observatory University of Arizona933 N.Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Xiamen University of TechnologyXiamen 361024China National Synchrotron Light Source II(NSLS-II) Brookhaven National LaboratoryPO Box 5000UptonNew York 11973USA.

Significant optical engineering advances at the University of Arizona are being made for design, fabrication, and construction of next generation astronomical telescopes. This summary review paper focuses on the technological advances in three key areas. First is the optical fabrication technique used for constructing next-generation telescope mirrors. Advances in ground-based telescope control and instrumentation comprise the second area of development. This includes active alignment of the laser truss-based Large Binocular Telescope(LBT) prime focus camera, the new MOBIUS modular cross-dispersion spectroscopy unit used at the prime focal plane of the LBT, and topological pupil segment optimization. Lastly, future space telescope concepts and enabling technologies are discussed. Among these, the Nautilus space observatory requires challenging alignment of segmented multi-order diffractive elements. The OASIS terahertz space telescope presents unique challenges for characterizing the inflatable primary mirror, and the Hyperion space telescope pushes the limits of high spectral resolution, far-UV spectroscopy. The Coronagraphic Debris and Exoplanet Exploring Pioneer(CDEEP) is a Small Satellite(Small Sat) mission concept for high-contrast imaging of circumstellar disks and exoplanets using vector vortex coronagraph. These advances in optical engineering technologies will help mankind to probe, explore, and understand the scientific beauty of our universe.

关键词： computer controlled optical surfacing CCOS multiplexing dwell time optimization optical metrology telescope alignment large binocular telescope MOBIUS pupil segmentation OASIS nautilus hyperion CDEEP vector vortex coronagraph

Molecular Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules and Its Future Implications for the Management of Thyroid Cancer

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2021年第5期10卷 398-418页

作者： Rodrigo Arrangoiz Jeronimo Garcialopez De Llano Maria Fernanda Mijares Gonzalo Fernandez-Christlieb Vanitha Vasudevan Amit Sastry Adrian Legaspi Jennifer Fernandez Frank de la Cruz Fernando Cordera Daniel Margain Center for Advanced Surgical Oncology Steward Health Hialeah FL USA American British Cowdray Medical Center Mexico City Mexico

Molecular testing in thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer is rapidly evolving;care must be used when incorporating molecular testing for thyroid nodules into clinical practice. A clear appreciation of the goals and restraints of molecular testing must be integrated into how physicians use and explain molecular testing to patients. Molecular tests can help rule in cancer for indeterminate thyroid nodules with very specific mutations for thyroid cancer, such as BRAF and RET/PTC, and can help reduce the rates of completion thyroidectomies in this era of de-escalation of the management of thyroid disease. The positive predictive value (PPV) of malignant cytology (Bethesda VI) is 98%;and even though molecular testing improves specificity and PPV, it falls short of this ideal for other mutations. We present a detailed evaluation of the current state of molecular testing and their clinical relevance in the setting of diagnostic utility and their impact on surgical decision-making. By recapitulating the clinical impact of these tests and some of the related drawbacks, we hope to provide adequate up to date information of the appropriate utilization of these tools in the management of indeterminate or suspicious thyroid nodules and highlight future directions on their utilization for the management of thyroid cancer.

关键词： Thyroid Cancer Papillary Thyroid Cancer Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Thyroid Nodule Thyroid Cancer Treatment Molecular Studies for Thyroid Cancer Affirma Thyroseq

A comprehensive review of dwell time optimization methods in computer-controlled optical surfacing

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第3期5卷 142-171页

作者： Tianyi Wang Xiaolong Ke Lei Huang Qingqing Cui Zili Zhang Chunjin Wang Hyukmo Kang Weslin Pullen Heejoo Choi Daewook Kim Vipender Negi Qian Kemao Yi Zhu Stefano Giorgio Philip Boccabella Nathalie Bouet Corey Austin Mourad Idir National Synchrotron Light Source II(NSLS-II) Brookhaven National LaboratoryP.O.Box 5000UptonNY 11973USA School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Xiamen University of TechnologyXiamen 361024China State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology Department of Industrial Systems and EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina James C.Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.P.O.Box 210094TucsonAZ 85721-0094USA Large Binocular Telescope observatory University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy and steward observatory University of Arizona933 N.Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ85721USA Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz KhasNew Delhi 110016India School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798

Dwell time plays a vital role in determining the accuracy and convergence of the computer-controlled optical surfacing ***,optimizing dwell time presents a challenge due to its ill-posed nature,resulting in non-unique *** address this issue,several well-known methods have emerged,including the iterative,Bayesian,Fourier transform,and matrix-form *** their independent development,these methods share common objectives,such as minimizing residual errors,ensuring dwell time's positivity and smoothness,minimizing total processing time,and enabling flexible dwell *** paper aims to comprehensively review the existing dwell time optimization methods,explore their interrelationships,provide insights for their effective implementations,evaluate their performances,and ultimately propose a unified dwell time optimization methodology.

关键词： Dwell time optimization Computer-controlled optical surfacing Finishing Polishing Optical fabrication