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On-station and On-Farm Assessment of the Effects of Soil Cover on Conservation Agriculture Performances in Western Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第8期12卷 339-362页

作者： Kalifa Coulibaly Baba Ouattara Souleymane Ouédraogo Nadine Andrieu Hassan B. Nacro laboratoire d’etude et de recherche et sur la Fertilité du sol (LERF) Institut du Développement Rural (IDR) Université Nazi BONI (UNB) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso centre International de recherche développement sur L’élevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRdeS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnement et de recherche Agricole (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso centre de Coopération Internationale en recherche Agronomique Pour le développement (CIRAd) Montpellier France

Conservation agriculture (CA) is one option for dealing with such a challenge, but its main difficulty in West Africa is in maintaining permanent soil cover, particularly with crop residues, due to their preferential use for livestock fodder. the aim of our study was to determine the effect of crop residue mulching on the efficiency of cropping systems based on the principles of conservation agriculture. the experimental design was based on on-station experiments, intended to assess the specific effect of different levels of crop residue mulching on the biological and chemical soil fertility parameters, while in on-farm experiments we mainly assessed the ability of farmers to actually collect crop residues for soil cover and the associated effects on weeds and yields. the on-station experimental design was in fully randomized factorial blocks comprising five treatments and three replicates. the treatments compared the conventional system, tillage and cropping without mulching, and CA systems with 1 ton, 2 tons, and 4 tons of straw per hectare in plots of 10 m2. the effects of CA on the macrofauna, respiratory activity, and soil chemical parameters were evaluated in the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. For the on-farm experiments, the conventional and CA practices of 15 farmers were compared to conventional practices in 2013 and 2014 in plots of 626 m2. the on-station results showed that the presence of crop residue mulching induced an increase in the density of termites. A significant release of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the CA treatments compared to the conventional treatment was also observed. For the chemical parameters (pH, N, P and K) were significantly and positively affected by mulch in the top 5 centimeters of soil. the on-farm experiments confirmed the difficulty of farmers in collecting enough biomass, with negative effects on grass cover leading to generally lower yields than conventional treatments. Other practices also affec

关键词： Mulching Macrofauna Soil Respiratory Activity Chemical Fertility Conservation Agriculture

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Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Safety of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) AW Hill Apiaceae Leaves Grown in Benin

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 36-50页

作者： Germaine Sènandjro Gnintoungbe thierry C. Marc Medehouenou Ferdinand Adounkpe Casimir Akpovi Frédéric Loko Unité de recherche sur les Maladies Non Transmissibles et le Cancer (UR-MNTC) Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin laboratoire national des Stupéfiants et de Toxicologie (LNST) Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation (CBRSI) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Bénin

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) AW Hill Apiaceae (Parsley) is a plant species commonly used for its culinary value, but little is known about its phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. this study aimed to deepen knowledge of the Petroselinum crispum leaves (LPc) grown and consumed in Benin. the phytochemical screening of the LPc powder was done according to the method of Houghton and Raman at the laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential Oils of the Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences in Benin. the antioxidant activity (IC50) was evaluated by the dPPH reduction test. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical groups such as catechin tannins, gallic tannins, flavones, saponins, mucilages, coumarins, reducing agents and O-heterosides with reduced genins in the LPc powder. the aqueous extract of LPc showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 = 63.66 μg/mL and was found to be less active than ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.111 μg/mL). No acute oral toxicity was observed and the Ld50 of the aqueous extract of LPc is estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in the Wistar rat. the absence of toxicity, its antioxidant activity associated with its richness in active ingredients makes Petroselinum crispum a promising species suitable for safe long-term use as food.

关键词： Parsley Phytochemistry Antioxidant Properties Toxicity Wistar Rat

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Contribution of the International Reference Ionosphere-2016 Model in the Evidence of the Winter Anomaly

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1749-1757页

作者： Moustapha Konaté Raoul Ilboudo Kadidia Nonlo drabo Emmanuel Nanéma Frédéric Ouattara Unité de recherche et de Formation en Sciences et Technologie (UFR-ST) Laboratoire de Recherche en Energétique et Météorologie de l’Espace (LAREME) Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso centre Universitaire de Gaoua Université Nazi BONI Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso centre national de la recherche scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

this study is a contribution to the estimation of the winter anomaly in the F2 layer of the ionosphere at low latitudes. the aim is to study the variability of the virtual height (hmF2) of the F2 region of the ionosphere through the predictions of the latest International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-2016). the present work allows analyzing the temporal evolution of hmF2 according to the different phases of three (3) solar cycles during the quiet geomagnetic activity to estimate the seasonal anomaly at the Ouagadougou station. the analysis of the seasonal profiles shows that the variability of hmF2 is: 1) strongly linked to the solar cycle activity, 2) dependent on the season and 3) variable from one cycle to the next for the same phase. It appears that hmF2 increases during the ascending phase to reach its maximum value at the phase maximum. during the descending phase, it decreases until the phase minimum where it finds its minimum value. the difference between winter and summer on the hmF2 values for each phase of the cycle is obtained at the phase minimum and is estimated to be at least 16 km. In low latitudes, solar irradiation is greater in summer than in winter. From this study, hmF2 values are larger in winter compared to summer indicating an anomaly in the virtual height of the F2 layer of the ionosphere through the predictions of IRI-2016 at the Ouagadougou station.

关键词： Winter Anomaly IRI hmF2 Quiet day Solar Cycle Phases

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What Tool for diagnosis of latent Tuberculosis Infection in developing Country with Tuberculosis High Burden: Interferon Gamma Release Assays versus Tuberculin Skin Test in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Infectious diseases 2022年第4期12卷 668-684页

作者： diakourga Arthur djibougou Gloria Ivy Mensah Tibila Kientega Leon Tinnoaga Sawadogo Hervé Hien Clément Ziemlé Meda Adrien Marie-Gaston Belem Roch Konbobr dabiré Bassirou Bonfoh Kennedy Kwasi Addo Potiandi Serge diagbouga Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso centre MURAZ/Institut national de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso centre national de recherche scientifique et Technologique/Institut de recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso department of Bacteriology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana Université de Montréal Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’universitaire de Montréal (CRCHUM) Montréal Canada Programme national Tuberculose Ministry of Health Ouagadougou Burkina Faso centre Suisse de recherches scientifique de Cô te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire etudes Formation et recherches développement en Santé (EFORdS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: the diagnosis and treatment of active tuberculosis and the detection/management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cases are the two main strategies for the TB control, particularly in endemic countries. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) are tools for detection of LTBI. the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the TST and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus® (QTF-Plus) and to identify a threshold for TST in best agreement with QTF-Plus for LTBI detection in a high TB burden setting. Methods: In July 2020, a cross-sectional analytical study was performed for QFT-Plus using blood samples and TST in 101 individuals with a high risk of TB living in Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso. A crude comparison between both tests was done and receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to determine TST’s threshold. TST sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy were calculated. Adjusted agreement between TST and QFT-Plus was evaluated. Results: With the minimum threshold of positivity set at 5 mm for TST, the overall agreement between the latter and QFT-Plus was poor with a Kappa coefficient (κ) rated at 0.319 (95% CI: 0.131 - 0.508). this cut-off yielded a sensitivity of 94.12% (95% CI: 88.53 - 99.71), and very poor specificity of 36.4% (95% IC: 25.0 - 47.80). However, an adjusted cut-off set at 11 mm gave a better specificity of 72.73% (95% CI: 62.1 - 83.30) of TST and improved the PPV (86%). Moreover, concordance between both tests was improved with κ at 0.56 (95% CI: 0.385 - 0.728) and 80.20% of accuracy. Factors associated with discordance between TST (11 mm) and QFT-Plus results were BCG vaccination, OR = 7.53 (95% CI: 1.43 - 139.25), p = 0.05 and chronic cough, OR = 5.07 (95% CI: 1.27 - 20.43), p = 0.01. Conclusions: this study showed that using a minimal cut-off of 11mm for TST significantly improved the concordance between QTF-Plus (IGRA) and TST. Using the cut-off TST of

关键词： LTBI diagnosis IGRA TST threshold Concordance Burkina Faso

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Physicochemical and Biochemical Composition of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed and Seed Oil from Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1206-1220页

作者： Patrice Bazongo lassané Ouédraogo Pingdwindé Marie Judith Samadoulougou-Kafando Martin Kiendrebeogo Nicolas Barro laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire d’Epidemiologie et de Surveillance des Bacteries et Virus transmis par les aliments et l’eau (laBESTA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso centre national de la recherche scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)/Laboratoire de l’Environnement et des Ecosystèmes Forestiers Agroforestiers et Aquatiques (LaboEcoFAA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso centre national de la recherche scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT)/laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies des Aliments et Nutrition (labSTAN) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Biochimie & Chimie Appliquées Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In Burkina Faso, the seeds of Balanites aegyptiaca have been considered to be potentially high lipid, protein and mineral sources but seem to be neglected and sometimes unknown by communities. this study aims to complete data on seed oil and detail on amino acids and minerals composition of the seed of B. aegyptiaca for better use. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture and ash content, saponification index, iodine, acid value, peroxide value and the melting point were determined. Seed oil triglycerides, fatty acids and amino acids have been estimated throughout this study. the moisture and ash content were 3.70% ± 0.1% and 2.90% ± 0.2%, respectively. the saponification and iodine values were respectively 181.96 ± 0.4 mg KOH/g of oil and 104.86 ± 0.6 g of iodine/100 g of oil. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content (50.94%) was the most important. Triglyceride (LLO, 22.4%) was the major triglyceride. 9 essential amino acids and 9 non-essential amino acids were identified. Phenylalanine (11697.82 ± 0.00 mg/kg) was the most important essential amino acid. the content of 21 minerals was determined and the most important was potassium (9323.13 ± 0.01 mg/kg). Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Mg and Na/K ratios were 0.34;1.18;0.04 and 0.19 respectively. B. aegyptiaca seed oil is a source of multiple nutritional values and can be used by the population for multipurpose.

关键词： Seed Seed Oil Fatty Acids Amino Acids Minerals Balanites aegyptiaca Burkina Faso

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A Rapid and Cost-Effective Method for Genotyping Genome-Edited Animals：A Heteroduplex Mobility Assay Using Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第5期43卷 341-348页

作者： Vanessa Chenouard Lucas Brusselle Jean-Marie Heslan Séverine Remy Séverine Ménoret Claire Usal laure-Hélène Ouisse Tuan Huy NGuyen Ignacio Anegon laurent Tesson Institut national de la Sante'et de la recherche Medicale UMR 1064-1nstitut Transplantation Urologie-Nephrologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes Nantes 44093 France Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Platform Structure Federative de Recherche Frangois Bonamy Centre National de Recherche Scientifique UMS3556 Nantes 44093 France GenoCellEdit INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN CHU Nantes Nantes 44093 France

the recent emergence and application of engineered endonucleases have led to the development of genome editing tools capable of rapidly implementing various targeted genome editions in a wide range of ***,these novel tools have become easier to use and have resulted in a great increase of *** gene knockout（KO） or knockin（KI） animal models are relatively easy to achieve,there is a bottleneck in the detection and analysis of these *** several methods exist to detect these targeted mutations,we developed a heteroduplex mobility assay on an automated microfluidic capillary electrophoresis system named HMA-CE in order to accelerate the genotyping *** HMA-CE method uses a simple PCR amplification of genomic dNA（gdNA） followed by an automated capillary electrophoresis step which reveals a heteroduplexes（Hd） signature for each *** allows efficient discrimination of wild-type and genome-edited animals down to the single base pair level.

关键词： Genome editing Genotyping Heteroduplex mobility assay Capillary electrophoresis

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A Geometry-Preserving Finite Volume Method for Compressible Fluids on Schwarzschild Spacetime

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第3期15卷 827-852页

作者： Philippe G.LeFloch Hasan Makhlof laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions&centre national de la recherche scientifique Université Pierre et Marie Curie(Paris 6)4 Place Jussieu75252 ParisFrance

We consider the relativistic Euler equations governing spherically symmetric,perfect fluid flows on the outer domain of communication of Schwarzschild spacetime,and we introduce a version of the finite volume method which is formulated from the geometric formulation(and thus takes the geometry into account at the discretization level)and is well-balanced,in the sense that it preserves steady solutions to the Euler equations on the curved geometry under *** order to formulate our method,we first derive a closed formula describing all steady and spherically symmetric solutions to the Euler equations posed on Schwarzschild ***,we describe a geometry-preserving,finite volume method which is based from the family of steady solutions to the Euler *** scheme is second-order accurate and,as required,preserves the family of steady solutions at the discrete *** experiments are presented which demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method even for solutions containing shock waves and nonlinear interacting wave *** an application,we investigate the late-time asymptotics of perturbed steady solutions and demonstrate its convergence for late time toward another steady solution,taking the overall effect of the perturbation into account.

关键词： Compressible fluid Euler system Schwarzschild spacetime geometry-preserving finite volume method steady state

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Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds Content of Extracts from Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl and Striga hermonthica (delille) Benth Used as Antheminthic in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第11期10卷 203-213页

作者： dicko Amadou Kam Eric Sami Hadidjatou Belem Konaté Almamy Tindano Basile Meda Roland Nâg-Tiéro Ahoua Angora Rémi Constant Koné Mamidou Witabouna Kaboré Adama Traoré Amadou Bayala Balé Tamboura Hamidou Hamadou laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animale (laBioSA) Centre National de recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de recherche et d’Enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales Unité de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences et Technique Université Nazi BONI Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso laboratoire de Physiologie Animale (laPA) Unité de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences de la vie et de la Terre Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Botanique et Valorisation de la diversité Végétale (laBVdIV) Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire centre Suisse de recherche en Cô te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

the revaluation of medicinal plants in the veterinary pharmacopoeia is essential for the development of livestock in Burkina Faso. In order to justify the use of C. sesamoides and S. hermonthica in the treatment of gastrointestinal parasitosis of small ruminants, a quantification of phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity and acute toxicité evaluation of both plants were performed. Acute toxicity was evaluated by administering a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of both plants to mice. the highest total polyphenol content for C. sesamo?des was obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction with 47.236 ± 2.57 mgEAG/100mg while that of S. hermonthica was 74.871 ± 2.57 mgEAG/100mg obtained with the n-butanol Fraction. the dichloromethane extract of S. hermonthica obtained the highest total flavonoid content with 7.31 ± 0.48 mgEQ/100 while the highest total flavonoid content of C. sesamo?des was obtained with ethyl acetate fraction with 5.4273 ± 0.35 mgEQ/100mg. the aqueous extract of C. sesamo?des obtained the highest content of condensed tannins with 3.028 ± 0.13 mgEAT/100mg. Both plant’s extracts did not show any signs of toxicity in NMRI mice after administration of the dose of 2000 mg/kg. the antioxidant activity by dPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods was good compared to those of Quercetin and Trolox taken as standard.

关键词： C. sesamoides S. hermonthica Polyphénols Content Flavonoids Content Condensed Tannins Antioxidant Activity

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Impact of Improved Cookstoves on the Level of Household exposure to CO and PM_2.5 in Sub-Saharan Cities: the Case of the City of Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2023年第2期12卷 50-66页

作者： Lucmane Koala Kayaba Haro Ousmane Coulibaly Bernard Nana Issoufou Ouarma Edwige Ouedraogo Tizane daho Oumar Sanogo Antoine Béré laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologie (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences (IdS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Air pollution is one of the major global threats to human health. In Burkina Faso, more than 80% of the population uses solid fuels as the main source of cooking energy. this paper reports a comparative study on the exposure of household to the carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted by improved cookstoves (ICS) or traditional cookstoves (TCS). A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Ouagadougou for 4 months during the rainy season (July to October) in households with an outdoor kitchen. the investigation involved 92 households where air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and CO were measured with Indoor Air Pollution Meters (IAP meter). these measurements were focused on the concentration levels of the pollutants during cooking. the results of this study show high levels of PM2.5 and CO for all type of stoves. Wood stoves led to higher PM2.5 and lower CO emissions than charcoal stoves. ICS reduce emissions of indoor air pollutants compared to TCS. this reduction raised up to 82% for PM2.5 and 37% for CO. the analysis of the data measured with the student test (t-test) shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the average values of the concentrations of the pollutants emitted with the TCS compared to ICS, except for CO emissions measured on multi-pot sizes cookstoves (MM). this study shows that the concentrations of indoor air pollutants are very high regardless of the type of cookstoves used. the CO exposure obtained varies from 119.10 to 362.72 μg/m3 for 15-minute and 10.83 - 55.11 μg/m3 for 1-hour exposure. the exposure in PM2.5 varies from 4762 to 16,257 μg/m3 for 15-minute and 106.63 to 1597 μg/m3 for 1-hour of exposure. It was noted that the CO exposure levels obtained over 15-minute of exposure are 1.36 to 4.15 times higher than the WHO recommendation and 1.8 times higher for an exposure time of one hou

关键词： Biomass Cookstove Particulate Matters Carbon Monoxide

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Kinetic study of phytotoxicity induced by foliar lead uptake for vegetables exposed to fine particles and implications for sustainable urban agriculture

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第8期28卷 16-27页

作者： TianTian Xiong Annabelle Austruy Antoine Pierart Muhammad Shahid Eva Schreck Stéphane Mombo Camille dumat Université de Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (INP-ENSAT) centre national de la recherche scientifique Institut Ecocitoyen Centre de Vie la Fossette RD 268 department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (Get) Observatoire Midi Pyrénées Université de Toulouse centre d'etude et de recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP) UMR5044 Universite J. Jaurès - Toulouse II

At the global scale, foliar metal transfer occurs for consumed vegetables cultivated in numerous urban or industrial areas with a polluted atmosphere. However, the kinetics of metal uptake, translocation and involved phytotoxicity was never jointly studied with vegetables exposed to micronic and sub-micronic particles（PM）. different leafy vegetables（lettuces and cabbages） cultivated in RHIZOtest？ devices were, therefore, exposed in a greenhouse for 5, 10 and 15 days to various Pb O PM doses. the kinetics of transfer and phytotoxicity was assessed in relation to lead concentration and exposure duration. A significant Pb accumulation in leaves（up to 7392 mg/kg dry weight（dW） in lettuce） with translocation to roots was observed. Lead foliar exposure resulted in significant phytotoxicity, lipid composition change, a decrease of plant shoot growth（up to 68.2% in lettuce） and net photosynthesis（up to 58% in lettuce）. the phytotoxicity results indicated plant adaptation to Pb and a higher sensitivity of lettuce in comparison with cabbage. Air quality needs, therefore, to be considered for the health and quality of vegetables grown in polluted areas, such as certain megacities（in China, Pakistan, Europe, etc.） and furthermore, to assess the health risks associated with their consumption.

关键词： Metallic particles Vegetables Foliar uptake Transfer kinetics and phytotoxicity

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