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Resolving the developmental mechanisms of cardiac microthrombosis of SARS-CoV-2 based on single-cell transcriptome analysis

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 103-115页

作者： Xizi Luo Nan Zhang Yuntao Liu Beibei Du Xuan Wang Tianxu Zhao Bingqiang Liu Shishun Zhao Jiazhang Qiu Guoqing Wang state key laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Basic MedicineJilin University state key laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin University College of Mathematics Jilin University Bioinformatic Lab School of MathematicsShandong University Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union HospitalJilin University

The coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2（SARS-CoV-2） developed into a global health emergency. Systemic microthrombus caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is a common complication in patients with COVID-19. Cardiac microthrombosis as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the primary cause of cardiac injury and death in patietns with severe COVID-19. In this study, we performed single-cell sequencing analysis of the right ventricular free wall tissue from healthy donors,patients who died during the hypercoagulable period of characteristic coagulation abnormality（CAC）, and patients who died during the fibrinolytic period of CAC. We collected 61,187 cells enriched in 24 immune cell subsets and 13 cardiac-resident cell subsets. We found that in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infected heart microthrombus, MYO1EhighRASGEF1Bhighmonocyte-derived macrophages promoted hyperactivation of the immune system and initiated the extrinsic coagulation pathway by activating chemokines CCL3, CCL5. This series of events is the main cause of cardiac microthrombi following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a SARS-CoV-2 infected heart microthrombus, excessive immune activation is accompanied by an increase in cellular iron content, which in turn promotes oxidative stress and intensifies intercellular competition. This induces cells to alter their metabolic environment, resulting in increased sugar uptake via the glycosaminoglycan synthesis pathway. In addition, high levels of reactive oxygen species generated by elevated iron levels promote increased endogenous malondialdehyde synthesis in a subpopulation of cardiac endothelial cells. This exacerbates endothelial cell dysfunction and exacerbates the coagulopathy process.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 cardiac microthrombosis immune hyperactivation cell competition

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Impacts of the annual cycle of background SST in the tropical Pacific on the phase and amplitude of ENSO

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 12-17页

作者： Song Jiang Congwen Zhu Ning Jiang state key laboratory of severe weather(lasw) Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The dominant annual cycle of sea surface temperature(SST)in the tropical Pacific exhibits an antisymmetric mode,which explains 83.4%total variance,and serves as a background of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).However,there is no consensus yet on its anomalous impacts on the phase and amplitude of *** on data during 1982-2022,results show that anomalies of the antisymmetric mode can affect the evolution of ENSO on the interannual scale via Bjerknes feedback,in which the positive(negative)phase of the antisymmetric mode can strengthen El Niño(La Niña)in boreal winter via an earlier(delayed)seasonal cycle transition and larger(smaller)annual *** magnitude of the SST anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific can reach more than±0.3◦C,regulated by the changes in the antisymmetric mode based on random sensitivity *** reveal the spatial pattern of the annual cycle associated with the seasonal phase-locking of ENSO evolution and provide new insight into the impact of the annual cycle of background SST on ENSO,which possibly carries important implications for forecasting ENSO.

关键词： Annual cycle SST anomaly Antisymmetric mode ENSO

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The Decadal Shift of the Summer Climate in the Late 1980s over Eastern China and Its Possible Causes

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2008年第4期22卷 435-445页

作者：张人禾武炳义赵平韩晋平 state key laboratory of severe weather (lasw) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

In this paper, it is pointed out that a notable decadal shift of, the summer climate in eastern China occurred in the late 1980s. In association with this decadal climate shift, after the late 1980s more precipitation appeared in the southern region of eastern China （namely South China）, the western Pacific subtropical high stretched farther westward with a larger south-north extent, and a strengthened anticyclone at 850 hPa appeared in the northwestern Pacific. The decadal climate shift of the summer precipitation in South China was accompanied with decadal changes of the Eurasian snow cover in boreal spring and sea surface temperature （SST） in western North Pacific in boreal summer in the late 1980s. After the late 1980s, the spring Eurasian snow cover apparently became less and the summer SST in western North Pacific increased obviously, which were well correlated with the increase of the South China precipitation. The physical processes are also investigated on how the summer precipitation in China was affected by the spring Eurasian snow cover and summer SST in western North Pacific. The change of the spring Eurasian snow cover could excite a wave-train in higher latitudes, which lasted from spring to summer. Because of the wave-train, an abnormal high appeared over North China and a weak depression over South China, leading to more precipitation in South China. The increase of the summer SST in the western North Pacific reduced the land-sea thermal contrast and thus weakened the East Asian summer monsoon, also leading to more precipitation in South China.

关键词： summer climate in eastern China decadal climate variability decadal climate shift

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Application and Study of Precipitation Schemes in weather Simulation in Summer and Winter over China

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2006年第1期20卷 28-38页

作者：徐国强万齐林黄丽萍薛纪善陈德辉 state key laboratory of severe weather (lasw) Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology

Through simulation of summer and winter precipitation cases in China, the cloud precipitation schemes of model were examined. Results indicate that it is discrepant between convective precipitation simulated by the Kain-Fritsch （KF） scheme and Betts-Miller （BM） scheme in summer, the former scheme is better than the latter in this case. The ambient atmosphere may be varied by different convective schemes. The air is wetter and the updraft is stronger in the KF scheme than in the BM scheme, which can induce the more grid scale precipitation in the KF scheme, i.e., the different cumulus schemes may have the different and important effect on the grid scale precipitation. However, there is almost no convective rain in winter in northern China, so the effect of cumulus precipitation on the grid scale precipitation can be disregarded. Therefore, the gird scale precipitation is primary in the winter of northern China.

关键词： simulation precipitation scheme convective precipitation grid scale precipitation

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Nonlinearity and Finite-Time Instability in a T21L3 Quasigeostrophic Model

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2011年第4期25卷 419-429页

作者：姜智娜王东海 state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

In this paper, a nonlinear optimization method is used to explore the finite-time instability of the atmospheric circulation with a three-level quasigeostrophic model under the framework of the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP）. As a natural generalization of linear singular vector （SV）, CNOP is defined as an initial perturbation that makes the cost function the maximum at a prescribed forecast time under certain physical constraint conditions. Special attentions are paid to the different structures and energy evolutions of the optimal perturbations. The results show that the most instable region of the global atmospheric circulation lies in the midlatitude Eurasian continent. More specially, SV and CNOP in the total energy norm with an optimization time of 2 days both present localness： they are mainly located in the midlatitude Asian continent and its east coast. With extension of the optimization time, SVs are more upstream and less localized in the zonal direction, and CNOPs differ essentially from SVs with broader zonal and meridional coverages; as a result, CNOPs acquire larger kinetic and available potential energy amplifications than SVs in the nonlinear model at the corresponding optimization time. For the climatological wintertime flow, it is seen that the baroclinic terms remain small over the entire time evolution, and the energy production comes essentially from the eddy kinetic energy, which is induced by the horizontal shear of the basic flow. In addition, the effects of SVs and CNOPs on the Eurasian atmospheric circulation are explored. The results show that the weather systems over the Eurasian continent in the perturbed fields by CNOPs are stronger than those by SVs at the optimization time. This reveals that the CNOP method is better in evaluating the instability of the atmospheric circulation while the SV method underestimates the possibility of extreme weather events.

关键词： nonlinearity finite-time instability barotropic baroclinic

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Comparison of the effects of soil moisture and El Nino on summer precipitation in eastern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第2期63卷 267-278页

作者： Juan ZHOU Zhiyan ZUO Xinyao RONG state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

The effects of spring soil moisture over the vast region from the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley to North China(YRNC) and El Ni?o on the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and precipitation in eastern China, as well as the relevant mechanisms, are investigated using the modified atmospheric model ECHAM5 coupled with the Common Land Model. These models are the atmospheric and land components of the climate system model developed at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS-CSM). The simulations show that both soil moisture anomalies in eastern China and El Ni?o sea surface temperature(SST) anomalies have significant influences on the EASM, with the effect of soil moisture being slightly greater than that of the El Ni?o. However, the impacts of soil moisture on EASM and rainfall in eastern China are markedly different from those of the El Ni?o. Wetter(drier) soil over the YRNC corresponds to less(more) precipitation over northern and southeastern China, and more(less) precipitation over the Yangtze River basin and northeastern China, as well as a strengthened(weakened) and westward-shifted(eastward-shifted) West Pacific Subtropical High and a deepened(shallower) East Asian trough, representing a weakened(strengthened) EASM pattern. During El Ni?o developing summers, an anomalous anticyclone extends from northeastern to northern China, and an anomalous cyclone occupies the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and southern China. Concurrently, the West Pacific Subtropical High is anomalously weaker than normal. As a result,rainfall anomalously increases over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and southern China, and decreases over northern and northeastern China. In El Ni?o decaying summers, there is an anomalous cyclone over northeastern China and an anomalous anticyclone over southern China. The convergence of southerly airflow and northerly winds leads to enhanced rainfall around northern China and the middle reaches of the Y

关键词： Soil moisture El Nino East Asian summer monsoon Precipitation Numerical simulation

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Study on Formation and Development of a Mesoscale Convergence Line in Typhoon Rananim

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2010年第4期24卷 413-425页

作者：李英陈联寿钱传海杨家康 state key laboratory of severe weather(lasw) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences National Meteorological Center Yunnan Institute of Meteorology

This study investigated the formation and development of a mesoscale convergence line （MCL） within the circulation of Typhoon Rananim （0414）, which eventually led to torrential rainfall over inland China. The study is based on satellite, surface and sounding data, and 20 km×20 km regional spectral model data released by the Japan Meteorological Agency. It is found that midlatitude cold air intruded into the typhoon circulation, which resulted in the formation of the MCL in the northwestern quadrant of the typhoon. The MCL occurred in the lower troposphere below 700 hPa, with an ascending airflow inclined to cold air, and a secondary vertical circulation across the MCL. Meso-/~ scale convective cloud clusters emerged and developed near the MCL before their merging into the typhoon remnant clouds. Convective instability and conditional symmetric instability appeared simultaneously near Diagnosis of the interaction between the MCL and kinetic energy and positive vorticity for its further the MCL, favorable for the development of convection. the typhoon remnant implies that the MCL obtained development from the typhoon remnant in the lower troposphere. In turn, the development of the MCL provided kinetic energy and positive vorticity at upper levels for the typhoon remnant, which may have slowed clown the decaying of the typhoon.

关键词： typhoon circulation mesoscale convergence line convective and symmetric instability interaction

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An Atmospheric Dry Intrusion Parameter and Its Application

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2010年第4期24卷 492-500页

作者：王东海杨帅 state key laboratory of severe weather(lasw) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and severe Storms(LACS) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Dry intrusion plays an important role in the explosive development of cyclones and the evolution of cold fronts. Characteristics of dry intrusion during a rainfall event that occurred in northern China are analyzed in detail in this paper. The IM （ingredients-based methodology） developed by Doswell et al. in 1996 and Wetzel and Martin in 2001 is utilized. All the physical representations of dry intrusion defined in the past studies, such as low relative humidity, cold advection, and high potential vorticity （on either isobaric or isentropic surfaces）, are combined into a simple and convenient physical parameter to characterize dry intrusion. This is a new attempt to extend the IM that was primarily applied to research on heavy rainfall to the study of dry intrusion. The new dry intrusion parameter is used to analyze the isentropic evolution of dry intrusion during the rainfall event. The results show that this parameter can better quantify the intensity of dry intrusion and diagnose its evolution shown in satellite infrared and water vapor imageries. It is found that dry intrusion maintains during the rainfall period. The intensity of precipitation increases with the increasing dry intrusion, which has pushed the rainy region southeastward. From the results on the isentropic surface and the corresponding isobaric surface, it is inferred that the analyses of dry intrusion on both surfaces are consistent with each other. The isentropic analysis of dry intrusion reveals that cold and dry air at the upper level overruns that in the lower troposphere where moist and warm air is located. Thus, potential instability is built up in the vertical direction, which favors the occurrence of precipitation. In practice, we may identify dry intrusion regions by tracking strong signals of the dry intrusion parameter, and further identify the instability near the dry intrusion regions. This will aid in improving the accuracy of precipitation forecast.

关键词： dry intrusion parameter isentropic analysis

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Air Temperature Changes over the Tibetan Plateau and Other Regions in the Same Latitudes and the Role of Ozone Depletion

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2009年第3期23卷 290-299页

作者：张人禾周顺武 state key laboratory of severe weather (lasw) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Jiangsu key laboratory of Metrological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Sciences and Technology

Using radiosonde and satellite observations, we investigated the trends of air temperature changes over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） in comparison with those over other regions in the same latitudes from 1979 to 2002. It is shown that Over the TP, the trends of air temperature changes in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere were out of phase with those in the lower to middle troposphere. Air temperature decreased and a decreasing trend appeared in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere. The amplitude of the annual or seasonal mean temperature decreases over the TP was larger than that over the whole globe. In the lower to middle troposphere over the TP, temperature increased, and the increasing trend was stronger than that over the non-plateau regions in the same latitudes in the eastern part of China. Meanwhile, an analysis of the satellite observed ozone data in the same period of 1979-2002 shows that over the TP, the total ozone amount declined in all seasons, and the ozone depleted the most compared with the situations in other regions in the same latitudes. It is proposed that the difference between the ozone depletion over the TP and that over other regions in the same latitudes may lead to the difference in air temperature changes. Because of the aggravated depletion of ozone over the TP, less （more） ultraviolet radiation was absorbed in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere （lower to middle troposphere） over the TP, which favored a stronger cooling in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere, and an intenser heating in the lower to middle troposphere over the TP. Therefore, the comparatively more depletion of ozone over the TP is possibly a reason for the difference between the air temperature changes over the TP and those over other regions in the same latitudes.

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau air temperature changes ozone depletion

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CHARACTERISTICS OF UT/LS CARBON MONOXIDE INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT FACTORS OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU AND ITS ADJACENT AREAS IN SUMMER

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2013年第2期19卷 109-119页

作者：陈斌徐祥德杨帅施晓晖张胜军 state key laboratory of severe weather (lasw) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and severe Storms (LACS) Institute ofAtmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The study presented herein investigated the main characteristics of carbon monoxideintraseasonal variability and evaluated its possible impact factors using the upper troposphere and lowerstratosphere (UT/LS) Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations over Tibetan Plateau and itsadjacent areas in summer (June to August) of 2005 and 2006. Observations show a persistent constituentextreme extending up into the UT/LS throughout summer, as well as a temporally reversed phase variationbetween the carbon monoxide and ozone in UT/LS. The intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) of carbonmonoxide during summer are investigated by using methods of wavelet and band pass filter analysis. It isfound that ISOs over the Tibetan Plateau have periods of 10 to 20 days and 30 to 60 days. The formermainly appeared in upper troposphere while the latter in lower stratosphere. Further analysis shows thatthese two periods of ISOs in UT/LS are mainly in phase to the activities of convection over the south of theplateau and the variation of South Asia High, respectively. The above two factors and their dynamicalcoupling may be responsible for the tracer ISOs at different levels.

关键词： carbon monoxide intraseasonal oscillations upper troposphere and lower stratosphere TibetanPlateau

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