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Differences in Precipitation and Related Wind dynamics and Moisture and Heat Features in Separate Areas of the South China Sea before and after Summer Monsoon Onset

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1643-1660页

作者： Chunyan ZHANG Donghai WANG Kaifeng ZHANG Wanwen HE Yanping ZHENG Yan XU Guangdong Meteorological Data Center Guangdong Meteorological BureauGuangzhou 510640China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesKey Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of EducationZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China Foshan Meteorological Service Foshan 528000China Ningjiang District Meteorological Bureau Songyuan 138000China

Using surface and balloon-sounding measurements, satellite retrievals, and ERA5 reanalysis during 2011–20, this study compares the precipitation and related wind dynamics, moisture and heat features in different areas of the South China Sea(SCS) before and after SCS summer monsoon onset(SCSSMO). The rainy sea around Dongsha(hereafter simply referred to as Dongsha) near the north coast, and the rainless sea around Xisha(hereafter simply referred to as Xisha) in the western SCS, are selected as two typical research subregions. It is found that Dongsha, rather than Xisha, has an earlier and greater increase in precipitation after SCSSMO under the combined effect of strong low-level southwesterly winds, coastal terrain blocking and lifting, and northern cold air. When the 950-h Pa southwesterly winds enhance and advance northward, accompanied by strengthened moisture flux, there is a strong convergence of wind and moisture in Dongsha due to a sudden deceleration and rear-end collision of wind by coastal terrain blocking. Moist and warm advection over Dongsha enhances early and deepens up to 200 h Pa in association with the strengthened upward motion after SCSSMO, thereby providing ample moisture and heat to form strong precipitation. However, when the 950-h Pa southwesterly winds weaken and retreat southward, Xisha is located in a wind-break area where strong convergence and upward motion centers move in. The vertical moistening and heating by advection in Xisha enhance later and appear far weaker compared to that in Dongsha, consistent with later and weaker precipitation.

关键词： Dongsha Xisha South China Sea summer monsoon onset precipitation wind dynamics moisture heat

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A new ensemble-based targeted observational method and its application in the TPOS 2020

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National Science Review 2023年第11期10卷 138-147页

作者： Weixun Rao Youmin Tang Yanling Wu Zheqi Shen Xiangzhou Song Xiaojing Li Tao Lian Dake Chen Feng Zhou College of oceanography Hohai University Faculty of environment University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince George key laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting Ministry of Natural ResourcesHohai University Innovation Group of Earth System Model Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) state key laboratory of satellite ocean environment dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography

Ensemble Kalman filter-based targeted observation is one of the best methods for determining the optimal observational array for oceanic buoy deployment. This study proposes a new algorithm suitable for a‘cross-region and cross-variable’ approach by introducing a projection operator into the optimization process. A targeted observational analysis was conducted for El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) events in the tropical western Pacific for the Tropical Pacific Observation System(TPOS) 2020. The prediction target was at the Ni?o 3.4 region and the first 10 optimal observational sites detected reduced initial uncertainties by 70%, with the best observational array located where the Rossby wave signal dominates. At the vertical level, the most significant contribution was derived from observations near the *** study provides insights into understanding ENSO-related variability and offers a practical approach to designing an optimal mooring array. It serves as a scientific guidance for designing a TPOS observation network.

关键词： targeted observation ENSO TPOS data assimilation

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Inversion of O_(2) 1.27 μm nightglow emissions: A climatological analysis using satellite Limb-Viewed spectra and Harmonic analysis method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第4期8卷 632-640页

作者： YiYi Sui YaJun Zhu QiuYu Chen MaoSheng He JiYao Xu state key laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China key laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Hainan National Field Science Observation and Research Observatory for Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This study employs a linear inversion algorithm to retrieve volume emission rates(VERs)of molecular O_(2) nightglow at 1.27μm,utilizing Limb-Viewed spectra obtained from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric for CHartographY(SCIAMACHY)payload on board the Envisat *** retrieved results are compared with VERs data from the SABER payload on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and dynamics(TIMED)satellite,exhibiting *** will help to facilitate accurate revelation of spatial distribution and periodic variation in O_(2) *** are extracted monthly within the altitude range of 75-110 km from 2002 to 2012,yielding a climatology of spatial and temporal *** meridional structure exhibits two maxima,at the equator and at 45°*** August and October,the VERs exhibit a meridional bimodal structure,with the weaker one above the equator and the stronger one above 45°*** April,the VERs reach their annual ***,harmonic analysis reveals significant temporal variations on different *** emission shows characteristics of annual and semi-annual variation,and a non-linear long-term trend associated with solar cycle activity.

关键词： VERs O_(2)1.27μm nightglow SCIAMACHY

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Interannual variations in salt flux at 80°E section of the equatorial Indian ocean

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中国科学:地球科学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 2142-2161页

作者： Cuncun XIE Ruibin DING Jiliang XUAN Daji HUANG state key laboratory of satellite ocean environment dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Guangxi key laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentFourth Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeihai 536015China Institute of Polar and ocean Technology Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

The interannual variations in salt flux on the 80°E section in the equatorial Indian ocean were explored based on the ORAS5 data,which was quite consistent with the observational data among the four available reanalysis *** results indicated that the area with significant interannual variations in salt flux coincided with that of significant climatological mean salt flux in general and was mainly located in the upper 150 m ***,three important areas were identified in the north-south direction,i.e.,(1)the Equatorial Indian ocean Area(EIOA,3°S–3°N),where the mean salt flux was eastward with the largest value on the section and associated with the most significant interannual variations mainly modulated by the Wyrtki Jets and the Equatorial Undercurrent;(2)the South Equatorial Indian ocean Area(SEIOA,3°S–6°S),where the mean salt flux changed in the vertical direction from strong eastward flux in the upper layer to weak westward flux in the subsurface layer and associated with significant interannual variations in the upper 100 m layer,which was affected by the South Equatorial Countercurrent;and(3)the North Equatorial Indian ocean Area(NEIOA,3°N–6°N),where the mean salt flux changed in the north-south direction from strong westward flux to the north of 5°N to weak eastward flux in the south and associated with relatively significant interannual variations,which was mainly influenced by the South Sri Lanka Coastal *** leading interannual variation modes were revealed by the empirical orthogonal function *** first mode accounted for 39%of the total variance and had four significant spatial antinodes;two of those in-phase antinodes were located at SEIOA and upper 75 m of EIOA,and the other two opposite in-phase antinodes were located at NEIOA and below 75 m of *** second mode accounted for 17%of the total variance having four antinodes with two dominant out-of-phase antinodes located at the subsurface of EIOA and ***

关键词： Salt flux Interannual variation 80°E section Equatorial Indian ocean Current

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L-Band Analysis of the Effects of Oil Slicks on Sea Wave Characteristics

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Journal of ocean University of China 2023年第1期22卷 9-20页

作者： JIANG Tao SHAO Weizeng HU Yuyi ZHENG Gang SHEN Wei College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China state key laboratory of satellite ocean environment dynamics Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China National satellite ocean Application Service Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China China Waterborne Transport Research Institute Ministry of TransportBeijing 100088China

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of sea surface waves as they pass through oil *** parameterized first-guess spectrum method(PFSM)theory-based wave retrieval algorithm was applied to 20 images of horizontal-horizontal(HH)polarization obtained using the phased-array L-band synthetic aperture radar(SAR)(PALSAR)on the Advanced Land Observing satellite(ALOS-1).The images were collocated with simulations from the WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ(WW3)model in a 0.1°grid using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)reanalysis(ERA-5)winds data as the forcing *** validation of the model-simulated significant wave height(SWH)against the measurements from the Jason-2 altimeter produced a 0.66m root mean square error(RMSE)for the SWH,with a coefficient(COR)*** this sense,the WW3-simulated waves were reliable for our work.A comparison between the SAR retrieval results and the WW3 simulations was performed using the dataset for the regions without oil slicks,which produced a 0.34m RMSE for the SWH,with a COR of 0.79,which is less than a the RMSE of 0.52 m and the COR of 0.70 for the regions with oil ***,it was found that the SAR-derived SWHs were significantly underestimated by about 0.2m in the areas with oil *** difference is probably due to the underestimation of the SAR-derived wind speeds at moderate wind speeds(i.e.,at wind speeds of greater than 5ms^(-1)).An additional analysis compared the SAR-derived wave spectra with those from the WW3 model as waves passed through the oil *** interesting finding is that the wave energy at short wave lengths(about 30m)is reduced by the oil slicks,causing the movement of the dominant wave spectrum to shift to longer wave lengths(about 80 m).

关键词： wind wave WAVEWATCH-III ALOS-1 PALSAR oil slicks

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The evolving ENSO observing system

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National Science Review 2018年第6期5卷 805-807页

作者： Dake Chen Neville Smith William Kessler state key laboratory of satellite ocean environment dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography

El Nio–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)is by far the most energetic and influential short-term climate variability on our planet, originating from an instability of the large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tr... 详细信息

关键词： The evolving ENSO observing system TAO

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基于CFD的具有首翼的新型飞翔形式AUV升力和阻力估计:对阻力极曲线和推力估计的见解

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2024年第2期23卷 352-365页

作者： Faheem Ahmed Xianbo Xiang Haotian Wang Gong Xiang Shaolong Yang School of Naval Architecture and ocean Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037Luoyu RoadWuhan 430074China state key laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037Luoyu RoadWuhan 430074China

To achieve hydrodynamic design excellence in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs)largely depends on the accurate prediction of lift and drag *** study presents Computational Fluid dynamics(CFD)-based lift and drag estimations of a novel torpedo-shaped flight-style AUV with *** horizontal bow-wings are provided to accommodate the electromagnetic arrays used to perform the cable detection and tracking operations near the *** hydrodynamic performance of the AUV due to addition of these horizontal bow-wings is required to be investigated,particularly at the initial design ***,CFD techniques are employed to compute the lift and drag forces observed by the flight-style AUV,maneuvering underwater at different angles of attack and varying *** Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations(RANSE)closure is achieved by employing the modified k-ϵ model and Two-Scale Wall Function(2-SWF)approach is used for boundary layer ***,the study also highlights the unique mesh refinement and solution-adaptive meshing techniques to perform the CFD simulations in Solidworks Flow Simulation(SWFS)*** drag polar curve for flight-style AUV with and without bow-wings is generated using the computed lift and drag *** curve provided essential insights for achieving hydrodynamically efficient and optimized AUV *** the drag polar curve,it is revealed that due to horizontal bow-wings,the flight-style AUV is capable to generate higher lift with less drag and thus,it gives better lift-to-drag ratio compared to the AUV without ***,simulated results of axial drag observed by the AUV have also been compared with free-running experimental results and are found in good agreement.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) Solidworks flow simulation(SWFS) Drag polar curve Free-running experiments

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Analytical Propagation of Space Debris Density for Collisions near Sun-Synchronous Orbits

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Space(Science & Technology) 2022年第1期2022卷 245-261页

作者： Yongjie Liu Yu Jiang Hengnian Li state key laboratory of Astronautic dynamics Xi’an Satellite Control CenterXi’an 710043China

The increasing frequency of human launches has led to a dramatic increase in the amount of space debris,especially near sunsynchronous *** of the fragments are small in size,which may make tracking ***,characterizing the distribution,evolution,and collision risk of small debris has long been a difficult *** paper is aimed at investigating the orbital evolution and global dispersion behavior of debris clouds near sun-synchronous ***,the NASA breakup model is used to provide an initial distribution of small fragments after collision ***,the continuity equation is adopted to propagate the density variation ***,we introduce some statistical quantities and the entropy of debris clouds to model the randomness and band formation.A theorem concerning the equivalence of the band formation and maximal entropy is *** accuracy of the band formation time estimation is also *** noncatastrophic collisions at an altitude of 800 km due to a projectile with a mass of 100 g and a collision velocity of 1 km/s,we compare the analytical and numerical results of space debris *** results show that the maximal peak error is within 0.17,and the mean square error is about 0.25 at 400 ***,the entropy of right ascension of the ascending node is 8.5%less than that for debris clouds near an orbit with the same altitude and an inclination of 30 *** indicates the concentrating behavior for debris clouds near sun-synchronous orbits.

关键词： density. collision entropy

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Interpreting the sea surface temperature warming trend in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第8期60卷 1558-1568页

作者： PEI YuHua LIU XiaoHui HE HaiLun state key laboratory of satellite ocean environment dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration

Previous studies have demonstrated that the low-frequency sea surface temperature(SST) variability in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea(YECS) is linked to large-scale climate variability, but explanations on the mechanisms vary. This study examines the low-frequency variability and trends of some atmospheric and oceanic variables to discuss their different effects on the YECS warming. The increasing temperature trend is also observed at a hydrographic section transecting the *** increasing rate of ocean temperature decreases with depth, which might result in an increase in vertical stratification and a decrease in vertical mixing, and thus plays a positive role on the YECS warming. The surface net heat flux(downward positive)displays a decreasing trend, which is possibly a result of the YECS warming, and, in turn, inhibits it. Wind speeds show different trends in different datasets, such that its role in the YECS warming is uncertain. The trends in wind stress divergence and curl have large uncertainties, so their effects on SST warming are still unclear. The Kuroshio heat transport calculated in this study,displays no significantly increasing trend, so is an unlikely explanation for the SST warming. Limited by sparse ocean observations,sophisticated assimilative climate models are still needed to unravel the mechanisms behind the YECS warming.

关键词： Sea surface temperature East China Sea Yellow Sea Regional climate change Surface heat flux

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Reconstruction of large complex sand-wave bathymetry with adaptive partitioning combining satellite imagery and sparse multi-beam data

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Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2022年第5期40卷 1924-1936页

作者： Huaguo ZHANG Juan WANG Dongling LI Bin FU Xiulin LOU Ziyin WU state key laboratory of satellite ocean environment dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China key laboratory of Submarine Geosciences Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China School of oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Shallow marine sand waves are formed on the seabed and are widely distributed within tidal ***,the use of multibeam echo sounding(MBES)is costly to obtain the bathymetric mapping of large complex sand ***,we propose a new method that employs a combination of multiangle sun glint images and sparse MBES data to achieve comprehensive bathymetric mapping of large and complex sand *** method involves estimating sea surface roughness,automatically extracting sand-wave crests,conducting adaptive subregion partitioning,estimating the water depth at auxiliary points,and generating digital bathymetric *** method was employed in a case study of sand waves on the Taiwan *** mapping was implemented for large complex sand waves over an area spanning approximately 350 km~2 using multiangle sun glint images from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer and MBE S *** results show that mapped and measured water depths were well-matched;the root-mean-square error of water depths was 1.77 m,and the relative error was 5.03%.These findings show that bathymetric mapping of large complex sand waves can be effectively conducted using the new method,and as such,the workload of MBES is reduced and efficiency is improved.

关键词： bathymetric mapping sand waves submarine topography sun glint images multibeam echo sounding(MBES)

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