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Conversion of a single-layer ANN to photonic SNN for pattern recognition

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 261-270页

作者： Yanan HAN Shuiying XIANG Tianrui ZHANG Yahui ZHANG Xingxing GUO Yuechun SHI state key laboratory of Integrated Service Networks State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor TechnologyXidian University Yongjiang laboratory

This work presents a complete conversion scheme for photonic spiking neural networks(SNNs).We verified that the output of an artificial neural network(ANN) trained with the simulated optical activation function can be directly converted into the spike rate of a photonic spiking neuron *** reveal the feasibility of hardware implementation,we considered the effects of different bit precisions of data and weight,noise level,and bias current mismatch on the converted *** proposed scheme was evaluated using the Deterding vowel,IRIS,TIDIGITS,and MNIST datasets for pattern recognition,and achieved mean accuracies of 95.80%,98.67%,96.19%,and 92.33%,*** proposed scheme can convert an ANN into a photonic SNN with almost no precision loss,and the performance was comparable to that of an ANN trained with the rectified linear unit *** proposed scheme can enable the high-performance implementation of photonic SNNs.

关键词： photonic SNN conversion optical computing pattern recognition artificial neural network

Pyruvate kinase M in germ cells is essential for sperm motility and male fertility but not spermatogenesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 212-219页

作者： Gao-Qing Qian Xiao-Chen Wang Xi Zhang Bin Shen Qiang Liu state key laboratory of reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China Shanghai key laboratory of reproductive Medicine Department of HistoembryologyGenetics and Developmental BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China state key laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular AndrologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

Male germ cells employ specific metabolic pathways throughout their developmental *** a previous study,we discovered heightened expression of pyruvate kinase M(PKM),a pivotal glycolytic enzyme,in spermatogonia and *** gain deeper insights into PKM's roles in spermatogenesis,sperm function,and male fertility,we engineered a conditional-knockout mouse model(Pkm-vkO mice)to selectively disrupt the Pkm gene within germ *** maintaining regular testicular histology and sperm morphology,the male Pkm-vko mice were infertility,characterized by significant impairments in sperm motility and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)*** addition,Pkm-null spermatozoa exhibited similar deficits in protein tyrosine phosphorylation linked to capacitation,as well as compromised performance in in vitro fertilization *** conclude,PKM's presence is not obligatory for the entirety of spermatogenesis in male germ cells;however,it emerges as a critical factor influencing sperm motility and overall male fertility.

关键词： glycolysis male fertility pyruvate kinase M sperm motility spermatogenesis

The transgenerational effects of maternal low-protein diet during lactation on offspring

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 824-835页

作者： Lin-Jian Gu Li Li Qian-Nan Li Ke Xu Wei Yue Jing-Yi Qiao Tie-Gang Meng Ming-Zhe Dong Wen-Long Lei Jia-Ni Guo Zhen-Bo Wang Qing-Yuan Sun state key laboratory of Stem Cell and reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of laboratory Animal Sciences CAMS&PUMCBeijing 100021China Guangzhou key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and reproductive Health Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism&Reproduction Joint LaboratoryReproductive Medicine CenterGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong 510317China

Environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle can influence the health of both mothers and ***,its transgenerational transmission and underlying mechanisms remain largely ***,using a maternal lactation-period low-protein diet(LPD)mouse model,we show that maternal LPD during lactation causes decreased survival and stunted growth,significantly reduces ovulation and litter size,and alters the gut microbiome in the female LPD-F1 *** transcriptome of LPD-F1 metaphase II(MII)oocytes shows that differentially expressed genes are enriched in female pregnancy and multiple metabolic ***,maternal LPD causes early stunted growth and impairs metabolic health,which is transmitted over two *** methylome alteration of LPD-F1 oocytes can be partly transmitted to the F2 ***,our results reveal that LPD during lactation transgenerationally affects offspring health,probably via oocyte epigenetic changes.

关键词： Lactationdiet Maternal low-proteindiet DNAmethylation Transgenerational effect Oocyte

Wall temperature effects on the stability of leeward vortices of a blunt inclined cone

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第7期40卷 29-42页

作者： Ligeng Zhang Bingbing Wan Siwei Dong Jianqiang Chen Xi Chen state key laboratory of Aerodynamics Mianyang 621000China

Streamwise vortex instability is one of the most potent mechanisms for the transition of the three-dimensional boundary *** using the global stability analysis methods,stability characteristics of the leeward vortex over a blunt cone with an angle of attack under a typical wind tunnel condition are studied and are compared to the case with a smaller wall temperature ratio(corresponding to a flight condition).The vortical structure features inward and outward vortices,similar to that in the flight *** the flight condition,the outward vortices appear stronger than the inward vortices,resulting in stronger outer-mode *** the inner mode is heavily stabilized compared to the flight condition,it can still radiate apparent *** acoustic sources are computed based on Lighthill's acoustic analogy,showing that the entropy term measuring the deviation from the isentropic relation is *** Mack second mode is shown to most likely trigger the transition in the flight condition,it is absent in the wind tunnel condition,and a shear-layer mode turns out to be the most dangerous ***,the instability frequencies and growth rates of the wind tunnel case are much smaller than those of the flight case,indicating that wall heating may stabilize the leeward vortices.

关键词： Instability of streamwise vortices Hypersonic boundary layer flow Spatial BiGlobal method PSE3D method

Adenylate kinase phosphate energy shuttle underlies energetic communication in flagellar axonemes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1697-1714页

作者： Huan Wu Yanman Zhang Yuqian Li Shuya Sun Jintao Zhang Qingsong Xie Yue Dong Shushu Zhou Xuan Sha Kuokuo Li Jinyi Chen Xin Zhang Yang Gao Qunshan Shen Guanxiong Wang Xiaomin Zha Zongliu Duan Dongdong Tang Chuan Xu Hao Geng Mingrong Lv Yuping Xu Ping Zhou Zhaolian Wei Rong Hua Yunxia Cao Mingxi Liu Xiaojin He reproductive Medicine Center Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022China state key laboratory of reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China state key laboratory of reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityTaizhou School of Clinical MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China reproductive Medicine Center Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China state key laboratory of reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health Clinical Center of Reproductive MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China NHC key laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and reproductive Tract(Anhui Medical University) Hefei 230032China key laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle(Anhui Medical University) Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of ChinaHefei 230032China Anhui Province key laboratory of reproductive Health and Genetics Hefei 230032China Biopreservation and Artificial Organs Anhui Provincial Engineering Research CenterAnhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032China

The complexities of energy transfer mechanisms in the flagella of mammalian sperm flagella have been intensively investigated and demonstrate significant diversity across *** shuttles,particularly adenylate kinase(AK)and creatine kinase(CK),are pivotal in the efficient transfer of intracellular ATP,showing distinct tissue-and ***,the expression profiles of AK and CK were investigated in mice and found to fall into four subgroups,of which Subgroup III AKs were observed to be unique to the male reproductive system and conserved across *** AK8 and AK9 were found to be indispensable to male reproduction after analysis of an infertile male *** mouse models showed that AK8 and AK9 were central to promoting sperm *** combined with mass spectrometry revealed that AK8 and AK9 interact with the radial spoke(RS)of the *** of various human and mouse sperm samples with substructural damage,including the presence of multiple RS subunits,showed that the head of radial spoke 3 acts as an adapter for AK9 in the flagellar *** an ATP probe together with metabolomic analysis,it was found that AK8 and AK9 cooperatively regulated ATP transfer in the axoneme,and were concentrated at sites associated with energy consumption in the *** findings indicate a novel function for RS beyond its structural role,namely,the regulation of ATP *** conclusion,the results expand the functional spectrum of AK proteins and suggest a fresh model regarding ATP transfer within mammalian flagella.

关键词： adenylate kinase Subgroup III AKs AK8 AK9 male infertility ATP transfer radial spoke

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LSM14B coordinates protein component expression in the P-body and controls oocyte maturation

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第1期51卷 48-60页

作者： Huiru Zhang Tao Zhang Xiang Wan Chang Chen Shu Wang Dongdong Qin Lufan Li Luping Yu Xin Wu state key laboratory of reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210029China Center for reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsu 210029China

The generation of mature and healthy oocytes is the most critical event in the entire female reproductive process,and the mechanisms regulating this process remain to be ***,we demonstrate that Smith-like(LSM)family member 14B(LSM14B)regulates oocyte maturation,and the loss of LSM14B in mouse ovaries leads to abnormal oocyte MII arrest and female ***,we find the aberrant transcriptional activation,indicated by abnormal non-surrounded nucleolus and surrounded nucleolus oocyte proportions,and abnormal chromosome assembly and segregation in Lsm14b-deficient mouse *** global transcriptome analysis suggests that many transcripts involved in cytoplasmic processing body(P-body)function are altered in Lsm14b-deficient mouse *** of Lsm14b results in the expression and/or localization changes of P-body components(such as LSM14A,DCP1A,and 4E-T).Notably,DDX6,a key component of the P-body,is downregulated and accumulates in the nuclei in Lsm14b-deficient mouse *** together,our data suggest that LSM14B links mouse oocyte maturation to female fertility through the regulation of the P-body.

关键词： LSM14B P-body DDX6 MIl arrest Chromatin configuration

Experimental and numerical demonstration of hierarchical time-delay reservoir computing based on cascaded VCSELs with feedback and multiple injections

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 279-290页

作者： Xingxing GUO Shuiying XIANG Xingyu CAO Biling GU state key laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian University state key Discipline laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology School of MicroelectronicsXidian University

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate experimentally and numerically a hierarchical timedelay optical reservoir computing(RC) system based on cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs) with feedback and multiple injections. The prediction performance characteristics of the hierarchical time-delay RC system based on cascaded VCSELs under different reservoir layers are ***, the prediction performance of the hierarchical time-delay RC system is first improved and saturates as the number of reservoir layers increases. Besides, the impacts of key factors on predicting the hierarchical time-delay RC system are also analyzed in detail experimentally and numerically. This proposed hierarchical time-delay RC system based on VCSELs is useful for the further development of RC systems and may be beneficial to improve the ability of RC systems to solve more complex problems.

关键词： vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser reservoir computing neuromorphic photonics time-delay system information processing

A credible traffic prediction method based on self-supervised causal discovery

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 244-258页

作者： Dan WANG Yingjie LIU Bin SONG state key laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University

Next-generation wireless network aims to support low-latency, high-speed data transmission services by incorporating artificial intelligence(AI) technologies. To fulfill this promise, AI-based network traffic prediction is essential for pre-allocating resources, such as bandwidth and computing power. This can help reduce network congestion and improve the quality of service(QoS) for users. Most studies achieve future traffic prediction by exploiting deep learning and reinforcement learning, to mine spatio-temporal correlated variables. Nevertheless, the prediction results obtained only by the spatio-temporal correlated variables cannot reflect real traffic changes. This phenomenon prevents the true prediction variables from being inferred, making the prediction algorithm perform poorly. Inspired by causal science, we propose a novel network traffic prediction method based on self-supervised spatio-temporal causal discovery(SSTCD). We first introduce the Granger causal discovery algorithm to build a causal graph among prediction variables and obtain spatio-temporal causality in the observed data, which reflects the real reasons affecting traffic ***, a graph neural network(GNN) is adopted to incorporate causality for traffic prediction. Furthermore,we propose a self-supervised method to implement causal discovery to to address the challenge of lacking ground-truth causal graphs in the observed data. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SSTCD method.

关键词： wireless network traffic prediction causal discovery self-supervised

Micelle-directed self-assembly of single-crystal-like mesoporous stoichiometric oxides for high-performance lithium storage

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 195-205页

作者： Yanhua Wan Changyao Wang Xingmiao Zhang Yang Yin Mengmeng Liu Bing Ma Linlin Duan Yuzhu Ma Wei Zhang Changlin Zheng Dongliang Chao Fei Wang Yongyao Xia Wei Li Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceFudan University state key laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics Fudan University

Due to their uncontrollable assembly and crystallization process,the synthesis of mesoporous metal oxide single crystals remains a formidable ***,we report the synthesis of single-crystal-like mesoporous Li2TiSiO5by using soft micelles as *** key lies in the atomic-scale self-assembly and step-crystallization processes,which ensure the formation of single-crystal-like mesoporous Li2TiSiO5microparticles via an oriented attachment growth mechanism under the confinement of an in-situ formed carbon *** mesoporous Li2TiSiO5anode achieves a superior rate capability(148 mAh g-1at5.0 A g-1) and outstanding long-term cycling stability(138 mAh g-1after 3000 cycles at 2.0 A g-1) for lithium storage as a result of the ultrafast Li+diffusion caused by penetrating mesochannels and nanosized crystal frameworks（5-10 nm）.In comparison,bulk Li2TiSiO5exhibits poor rate capability and cycle performance due to micron-scale diffusion *** method is very simple and reproducible,heralding a new way of designing and synthesizing mesoporous single crystals with controllable frameworks and chemical functionalities.

关键词： mesoporous materials micelles single-crystal-like Li2TiSiO5 lithium-ion batteries