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energy Engineering 2024年第2期121卷 541-555页

作者： Baogang Chen Fenglin Miao Jing Yang Chen Qi Wenyan Ji CSIC HaiZhuangWindpower Co. Ltd.Chongqing400000China state key laboratory of operation and control of renewable energy&storage systems China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing100000China

energy storage systems(ESS)and permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSG)are speculated to be able to exhibit frequency regulation capabilities by adding differential and proportional control loops with different control objectives.The available PMSG kinetic energy and charging/discharging capacities of the ESS were restricted.To improve the inertia response and frequency control capability,we propose a short-term frequency support strategy for the ESS and PMSG.To this end,the weights were embedded in the control loops to adjust the participation of the differential and proportional controls based on the system frequency excursion.The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified using PSCAD/EMTDC.The simulations revealed that the proposed strategy could improve the maximum rate of change of the frequency nadir and maximum frequency excursion.Therefore,it provides a promising solution of ancillary services for frequency regulation of PMSG and ESS.

关键词： Inertial control PMSG ESS wind power generation frequency support

Integrated strategy for real-time wind power fluctuation mitigation and energy storage system control

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Global energy Interconnection 2024年第1期7卷 71-81页

作者： Yu Zhang Yongkang Zhang Tiezhou Wu Hubei University of Technology Hubei Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Efficient Utilization and Energy Storage Operation ControlHubeiWuhan 430068P.R.China

To address the impact of wind-power fluctuations on the stability of power systems,we propose a comprehensive approach that integrates multiple strategies and methods to enhance the efficiency and reliability of a system.First,we employ a strategy that restricts long-and short-term power output deviations to smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time.Second,we adopt the sliding window instantaneous complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(SW-ICEEMDAN)strategy to achieve real-time decomposition of the energy storage power,facilitating internal power distribution within the hybrid energy storage system.Finally,we introduce a rule-based multi-fuzzy control strategy for the secondary adjustment of the initial power allocation commands for different energy storage components.Through simulation validation,we demonstrate that the proposed comprehensive control strategy can smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time and decompose energy storage power.Compared with traditional empirical mode decomposition(EMD),ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD),and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)decomposition strategies,the configuration of the energy storage system under the SW-ICEEMDAN control strategy is more optimal.Additionally,the state-of-charge of energy storage components fluctuates within a reasonable range,enhancing the stability of the power system and ensuring the secure operation of the energy storage system.

关键词： SW-ICEEMDAN HESS Real-time smoothing Rule-based multi-fuzzy control SoC

Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

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Frontiers in energy 2024年第1期18卷 16-27页

作者： Ziyuan TENG Chao TAN Peiyuan LIU Minfang HAN Fuel Cell and energy storage Center Department of Energy and Power EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation EquipmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is rapidly developing in China for carbon reduction and neutrality.This paper evaluated the life-cycle cost and carbon emission of hydrogen energy via lots of field surveys,including hydrogen production and packing in chlor-alkali plants,transport by tube trailers,storage and refueling in hydrogen refueling stations(HRSs),and application for use in two different cities.It also conducted a comparative study for battery electric vehicles(BEVs)and internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs).The result indicates that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle(FCV)has the best environmental performance but the highest energy cost.However,a sufficient hydrogen supply can significantly reduce the carbon intensity and FCV energy cost of the current system.The carbon emission for FCV application has the potential to decrease by 73.1%in City A and 43.8%in City B.It only takes 11.0%–20.1%of the BEV emission and 8.2%–9.8%of the ICEV emission.The cost of FCV driving can be reduced by 39.1%in City A.Further improvement can be obtained with an economical and“greener”hydrogen production pathway.

关键词： hydrogen energy life-cycle assessment(LCA) fuel cell vehicle carbon emission energy cost

Review and prospects on the low-voltage Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 446-460,I0011页

作者： Jun Dong Yalong Jiang Ruxing Wang Qiulong Wei Qinyou An Xiaoxing Zhang Hubei key laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar energy and operation control of energy storage System Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068HubeiChina state key laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina Xiamen key laboratory of High-Performance Metals and Materials College of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005FujianChina state key laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina

Due to its low cost and natural abundance of sodium,Na-ion batteries(NIBs)are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.The development of ultralow voltage anode materials is of great significance in improving the energy density of NIBs.Low-voltage anode materials,however,are severely lacking in NIBs.Of all the reported insertion oxides anodes,the Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) has the lowest operating voltage(an average potential of 0.3 V vs.Na^(+)/Na)and is less likely to deposit sodium,which has excellent potential for achieving NIBs with high energy densities and high safety.Although significant progress has been made,achieving Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) electrodes with excellent performance remains a severe challenge.This paper systematically summarizes and discusses the physicochemical properties and synthesis methods of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7).Then,the sodium storage mechanisms,key issues and challenges,and the optimization strategies for the electrochemical performance of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) are classified and further elaborated.Finally,remaining challenges and future research directions on the Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) anode are highlighted.This review offers insights into the design of high-energy and high-safety NIBs.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries Low-voltage anode materials Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) Electrochemical performances Electrochemical mechanism

Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm for Sequential Security-constrained Optimal Power Flow Based on Expert Knowledge and Safety Layer

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean energy 2024年第3期12卷 742-753页

作者： Yanbo Chen Qintao Du Honghai Liu Liangcheng Cheng Muhammad Shahzad Younis state key laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with renewable energy Sources and School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power University School of Engineering Xining University key laboratory of Smart operation of New energy Power System Ministry of Education Qinghai University China Electric Power Research Institute National University of Sciences and Technology

In recent years, reinforcement learning(RL) has emerged as a solution for model-free dynamic programming problem that cannot be effectively solved by traditional optimization methods. It has gradually been applied in the fields such as economic dispatch of power systems due to its strong selflearning and self-optimizing capabilities. However, existing economic scheduling methods based on RL ignore security risks that the agent may bring during exploration, which poses a risk of issuing instructions that threaten the safe operation of power system. Therefore, we propose an improved proximal policy optimization algorithm for sequential security-constrained optimal power flow(SCOPF) based on expert knowledge and safety layer to determine active power dispatch strategy, voltage optimization scheme of the units, and charging/discharging dispatch of energy storage systems. The expert experience is introduced to improve the ability to enforce constraints such as power balance in training process while guiding agent to effectively improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. Additionally, to avoid line overload, we add a safety layer at the end of the policy network by introducing transmission constraints to avoid dangerous actions and tackle sequential SCOPF problem. Simulation results on an improved IEEE 118-bus system verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： renewable energy sources Safety Power systems Optimization Power grids energy storage Training

Experimental study on the effect of H_(2)O and O_(2) on the degradation of SF_(6) by pulsed dielectric barrier discharge

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 125-131页

作者：李亚龙万昆王宇非张晓星杨照迪傅明利卓然王邸博 Hubei key laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar energy and operation control of energy storage System Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068People's Republic of China state Grid HuBei Direct Current Company Yichang 443002People's Republic of China CSG Electric Power Research Institute CO.Ltd Guangzhou 510080People's Republic of China

SF_(6) has excellent insulation performance and arc extinguishing ability,and is widely used in the power industry.However,its global warming potential is about 23,500 times that of C0_(2),it can exist stably in the atmosphere,it is not easily degradable and is of great potential harm to the environment.Based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma technology,the effects of H_(2)O and 0_(2) on the degradation of SF_(6) were studied.Studies have shown that H_(2)O can effectively promote the decomposition of SF_(6) and improve its degradation rate and energy efficiency of degradation.Under the action of a pulse input voltage and input frequency of 15 kV and 15 kHz,respectively,when H_(2)O is added alone the effect of 1% H_(2)O is the best,and the rate and energy efficiency of degradation of SF_(6) reach their maximum values,which are 91.9% and 8.25 g kWh^(-1),respectively.The synergistic effect of H_(2)O and O_(2) on the degradation of SF_(6) was similar to that of H_(2)O.When the concentration of H_(2)O and O_(2) was 1%,the system obtained the best rate and energy efficiency of degradation,namely 89.7% and 8.05 g kWh~(-1),respectively.At the same time,different external gases exhibit different capabilities to regulate decomposition products.The addition of H_(2)O can effectively improve the selectivity of S0_(2).Under the synergistic effect of H_(2)O and O_(2),with increase in O_(2) concentration the degradation products gradually transformed into SO_(2)F_(2).From the perspective of harmless treatment of the degradation products of SF_(6),the addition of O_(2) during the SF_(6) degradation process should be avoided.

关键词： SF_(6) pulsed dielectric barrier discharge degradation discharge gas

Comparative Analysis of Noise Margin between Pure SET-SET and Hybrid SET-PMOS Inverters

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年

作者： Fan ZHANG Yi LIU Yibo WANG Minghu WU Sheng HU Youli DONG Hubei key laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar energy and operation control of energy storage System Hubei University of Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hubei University of Technology

Single-electron transistor（SET） is considered as one of the promising candidates for future electronic devices due to its advantages of low power consumption and high integration. The comparative analysis of SETbased inverters, especially the noise margin, is carried out. Pure SET-SET and hybrid SET with p type metal oxide semiconductor（SET-PMOS） inverters are designed for investigation. The effects of SET supply voltage, junction resistance and junction capacitance on noise tolerance and power consumption of inverters are studied. For hybrid SET-PMOS inverters, the noise margin for a logic high（NMH） is less than 60 mV under various conditions, which may become the bottleneck of its application. For pure SET-SET inverters, both NMH and the noise margin for a logic low（NML） could reach 300 mV at a supply voltage of 0.8 V. The minimum power consumption of pure SETSET and hybrid SET-PMOS inverters is 2.85 nW and 58 nW, respectively. The pure SET-SET inverters have greater noise tolerance and lower power consumption, which is more conducive to large-scale integration. When junction capacitance CJ= 0.0273 aF and junction resistance V, the NMH and NML are not significantly affected by the junction resistance and the noise margin fluctuates at 300mV.

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Low-Carbon Dispatching for Virtual Power Plant with Aggregated Distributed energy storage Considering Spatiotemporal Distribution of Cleanness Value

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean energy 2024年第2期12卷 346-358页

作者： Hongchao Gao Tai Jin Guanxiong Wang Qixin Chen Chongqing Kang Jingkai Zhu state key laboratory of Power System operation and control Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Sichuan energy Internet Research Institute Tsinghua University Chengdu 200016China Power Dispatching and control Center of Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company Shanghai 200122China IEEE

The scale of distributed energy resources is increasing,but imperfect business models and value transmission mechanisms lead to low utilization ratio and poor responsiveness.To address this issue,the concept of cleanness value of distributed energy storage(DES)is proposed,and the spatiotemporal distribution mechanism is discussed from the perspectives of electrical energy and cleanness.Based on this,an evaluation system for the environmental benefits of DES is constructed to balance the interests between the aggregator and the power system operator.Then,an optimal low-carbon dispatching for a virtual power plant(VPP)with aggregated DES is constructed,where-in energy value and cleanness value are both considered.To achieve the goal,a green attribute labeling method is used to establish a correlation constraint between the nodal carbon potential of the distribution network(DN)and DES behavior,but as a cost,it brings multiple nonlinear relationships.Subsequently,a solution method based on the convex envelope(CE)linear re-construction method is proposed for the multivariate nonlinear programming problem,thereby improving solution efficiency and feasibility.Finally,the simulation verification based on the IEEE 33-bus DN is conducted.The simulation results show that the multidimensional value recognition of DES motivates the willingness of resource users to respond.Meanwhile,resolving the impact of DES on the nodal carbon potential can effectively alleviate overcompensation of the cleanness value.

关键词： Distributed energy storage virtual power plant(VPP) spatiotemporal distribution low-carbon dispatching

Cooperative structure of Li/Ni mixing and stacking faults for achieving high-capacity Co-free Li-rich oxides

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 315-324页

作者： Zhen Wu Yu-Han Zhang Hao Wang Zewen Liu Xudong Zhang Xin Dai Kunyang Zou Xiaoming Lou Xuechen Hu Lijing Ma Yan Liu Yongning Liu state key laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Qingdao Industrial energy storage Research Institute Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Advanced Computing Center operation Management Corp Ltd Center for High Performance Computing Network Information Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Wuhan Dongfeng Motor Corporation Ltd School of Materials Science and Intelligent Engineering Nanjing University key laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education Southeast University International Research Center for renewable energy state key laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

Co-free Li-rich layered oxides（LLOs） are emerging as promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries due to their low cost and high capacity.However,they commonly face severe structural instability and poor electrochemical activity,leading to diminished capacity and voltage performance.Herein,we introduce a Co-free LLO,Li1.167Ni0.222Mn0.611O2（Cf-L1）,which features a cooperative structure of Li/Ni mixing and stacking faults.This structure regulates the crystal and electronic structures,resulting in a higher discharge capacity of 300.6 mA h g-1and enhanced rate capability compared to the typical Co-free LLO,Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2（Cf-Ls）.Density functional theory（DFT） indicates that Li/Ni mixing in LLOs leads to increased Li-O-Li configurations and higher anionic redox activities,while stacking faults further optimize the electronic interactions of transition metal（TM） 3d and non-bonding O 2p orbitals.Moreover,stacking faults accommodate lattice strain,improving electrochemical reversibility during charge/discharge cycles,as demonstrated by the in situ XRD of Cf-L1 showing less lattice evolution than Cf-Ls.This study offers a structured approach to developing Co-free LLOs with enhanced capacity,voltage,rate capability,and cyclability,significantly impacting the advancement of the next-generation Li-ion batteries.

关键词： Co-free Li-rich oxides Electronic structure Li/Ni mixing Stacking faults

A case study of comparing two dimerized acceptor molecules built by different branch-connected and terminal-connected approaches

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1687-1696页

作者： Kangqiao Ma Huazhe Liang Yuxin Wang Tengfei He Tainan Duan Xiaodong Si Wendi Shi Guankui Long Xiangjian Cao Zhaoyang Yao Xiangjian Wan Chenxi Li Bin Kan Yongsheng Chen state key laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterThe Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsInstitute of Polymer ChemistryRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China School of Materials Science and Engineering National Institute for Advanced MaterialsRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chongqing SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS Chongqing)Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400015China

Dimerized small-molecule acceptors(SMAs) built by the conventional connection of terminal groups of monomers have contributed to exciting long-term stabilities of organic solar cells(OSCs). However, device efficiencies, especially fill factors(FFs), still need to be improved. This probably originates from unsymmetrical molecular structure/conformation-determined less compact/ordered molecular stackings, such as ineffective stackings of constraint terminals. Herein, an exotic dimerized SMA of BC-Th is established by bridging the branched groups(BC-type, branch coupling) of two monomers rather than conventional terminal units(TC-type, terminal coupling). Benefiting from the three-dimensional conformation and more uncurbed terminals,BC-Th exhibits multiple molecular orientations along with a larger dielectric constant and electron mobility compared with TCTh. Finally, an efficiency of 17.43% is achieved by BC-Th-based OSCs, along with the highest FF of 79.13% among all dimerized SMAs-based OSCs to date. When introducing L8-BO as the third component, overall enhanced efficiency of 18.05%and FF of 80.11% are further afforded. Contrarily, TC-Th-based OSCs exhibit much inferior PCE of 16.29% and FF of 74.81%,demonstrating the great advantages of “branch coupling” over “terminal coupling” when building dimerized SMAs.

关键词： organic solar cells dimerized acceptor molecules branch coupling morphology control stability