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Volume-averaged modeling of multiphase solidification with equiaxed crystal sedimentation in a steel ingot

China Foundry 2024年第3期21卷 229-238页

作者： Xiao-lei Zhu Shuang Cao Rui Guan Ji Yang Zhe Ning Xin-gang Ai Sheng-li Li Xin-cheng Miao The key laboratory of material Forming and Structure Property Control Anshan 114051LiaoningChina state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application Anshan 114009LiaoningChina School of materials and metallurgy University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114051LiaoningChina

Macrosegregation is a critical factor that limits the mechanical properties of *** impact of equiaxed crystal sedimentation on macrosegregation has been extensively studied,as it plays a significant role in determining the distribution of alloying elements and impurities within a *** improve macrosegregation in steel connecting shafts,a multiphase solidification model that couples melt flow,heat transfer,microstructure evolution,and solute transport was established based on the volume-averaged Eulerian-Eulerian *** this model,the effects of liquid phase,equiaxed crystals,columnar dendrites,and columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET)during solidification and evolution of microstructure can be considered *** sedimentation of equiaxed crystals contributes to negative macrosegregation,where regions between columnar dendrites and equiaxed crystals undergo significant A-type positive macrosegregation due to the ***,noticeable positive macrosegregation occurs in the area of final solidification in the *** improvement in macrosegregation is beneficial for enhancing the mechanical properties of connecting *** mitigate the thermal convection of molten steel resulting from excessive superheating,reducing the superheating during casting without employing external fields or altering the design of the ingot mold is indeed an effective approach to control macrosegregation.

关键词： ingot casting multiphase solidification model equiaxed crystal sedimentation microstructure macrosegregation

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Inclusions modification by rare earth in steel and the resulting properties: A review

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 431-445,I0001页

作者： Xiaoqiang Wang Zhiwei Wu Bing Li Wenxiong Chen Jun Zhang Jian Mao College of materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Chengdu Advanced metal materials Industry Technology research Institute Co. Ltd.Chengdu610303China state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application Anshan114009China

Rare earth(RE) elements are excellent modifiers for non-metallic inclusions that inevitably appear in steel and affect steel properties. This paper reviews the research status of inclusions modification by RE elements and the changes it cause on steel properties. First, the inclusion changes caused by RE modification are described. Generally, after adding pure RE, the main evolution of inclusions occurs as M →M + RE-Al-O → RE-Al-O + RE_(2)O_(2)S → RE_(2)O_(2)S + RE—S/RE_(2)O_(2)S + RE-O with an increase in the RE content(M represents the inclusions before RE addition). The type of final inclusion obtained after RE modification is related to the relative contents of S and O in the steel. Moreover, fine, regular, and uniformly distributed inclusions can be obtained with appropriate RE addition. However, the effectiveness of inclusions modification by adding both RE and non-RE elements is closely related to the order of their addition. Second, the applications and advantages of thermodynamic calculations in the study of RE-modified inclusions are introduced. Third, the changes in the corrosion resistance, impact properties,and other properties of steel caused by the modification of inclusions by RE are reviewed. Finally, the perspectives and trends of inclusions modified by RE elements in the steel industry are presented.

关键词： Rare earths Inclusions Modification Thermodynamic calculation Properties change

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Measurement of two-phase velocities in bubble flows using laser Doppler velocimetry

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第6期34卷 1134-1144页

作者： Ling-xin Zhang Xin-sheng Cheng Han Tu Qi Gao Xue-ming Shao Xiang-Wei Liao Liang Zhao Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China iron and steel research institutes of ansteel group corporation Anshan114009China state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application Anshan114009China

The measurement of two-phase velocities in bubble flows using laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV)is *** key to the problem is to differentiate the LDV signals from bubbles and tracers,based on which the two-phase velocities can be *** this study,two experiments are carried ***,the bubble-chain experiment is performed to investigate the optical response of bubble surface and the corresponding LDV *** optical response shows that the light received by the LDV detector is dominated by the reflection component,which is similar to specular reflection to some *** are three typical patterns of signals of large bubbles passing through the measurement volume,all of which are with high amplitude and ***,the upward-flow experiment is conducted to study the statistical characteristics of large bubbles as well as micro tracers and micro *** results show that the amplitude of signal of millimeter bubbles is about an order of magnitude larger than that of tracers or micro *** on this significant difference of the amplitude,we propose a phase discrimination method to distinguish two-phase *** capability of the proposed method is tested in a complex bubble flow,and its reliability is verified by bubble tracking velocimetry(BTV)technology.

关键词： laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV) bubbly flow phase discrimination bubble tracking velocimetry(BTV)

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Controlling oxygen content in electro-slag remelting steel by optimizing slag-steel reaction process

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China Foundry 2023年第6期20卷 503-510页

作者： Dian-dong Sun Yong Wang Lei Jin Zong-xu Pang Jian Huang Jian-ping Zhang iron&steel research institutes of ansteel group corporation Anshan 114009LiaoningChina state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application Anshan 114009LiaoningChina Shenyang research Institute of Foundry Co. Ltd.CAMNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting TechnologiesShenyang 110022China

The thermodynamic equilibrium of deoxidation reactions between molten slag and steel was calculated using a slag-steel coupling thermodynamic model and the mass conservation model based on the ion-molecular coexistence *** study focused on the effects of slag composition and deoxidizer type on the oxygen content of low alloy steel during the electroslag remelting(ESR)*** measured and predicted values of the oxygen content in remelted ingots,and the contents of FeO and MnO in slags were compared and *** show that the measured content of total oxygen has a certain correlation with the trend of dissolved oxygen predicted by the model when using Ca-Si alloys as deoxidizer,but it is not correlated with the trend of dissolved oxygen predicted by the model when using Al as *** deoxidation mechanisms of Ca-Si and Al are ***-Si alloy directly reacts with FeO and MnO in slag to reduce the oxygen potential of slag,hence it can inhibit the transfer of oxygen from the slag to molten ***,when Al deoxidizer is used,the oxygen content in steel is mainly reduced through floating up the alumina *** to Al,utilizing Ca-Si alloy as a deoxidizer is more effective in reducing the oxygen content and the amount of inclusions in ESR ingot.

关键词： ion-molecular coexistence theory slag-steel reaction deoxidation electro-slag remelting

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Prediction of blast furnace gas generation based on data quality improvement strategy

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Journal of iron and steel research(International) 2023年第5期30卷 864-874页

作者： Shu-han Liu Wen-qiang Sun Wei-dong Li Bing-zhen Jin Department of Energy Engineering School of MetallurgyNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina state Environmental Protection key laboratory of Eco-Industry(Northeastern University) Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentShenyang 110819LiaoningChina state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application Anshan 114009LiaoningChina ansteel iron and steel research Institute Ansteel Group Corporation LimitedAnshan 114009LiaoningChina General Heavy Section Mill Angang Steel Company LimitedAnshan 114021LiaoningChina

The real-time energy flow data obtained in industrial production processes are usually of low *** is difficult to accurately predict the short-term energy flow profile by using these field data,which diminishes the effect of industrial big data and artificial intelligence in industrial energy *** real-time data of blast furnace gas(BFG)generation collected in iron and steel sites are also of low *** order to tackle this problem,a three-stage data quality improvement strategy was proposed to predict the BFG *** the first stage,correlation principle was used to test the sample *** the second stage,the original sample set was rectified and *** the third stage,Kalman filter was employed to eliminate the noise of the updated sample *** method was verified by autoregressive integrated moving average model,back propagation neural network model and long short-term memory *** results show that the prediction model based on the proposed three-stage data quality improvement method performs *** short-term memory model has the best prediction performance,with a mean absolute error of 17.85 m3/min,a mean absolute percentage error of 0.21%,and an R squared of 95.17%.

关键词： Blast furnace gas iron and steel industry Data quality improvement Artificial intelligence Gas generation prediction

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Effects of continuous cooling rate on morphology of granular bainite in pipeline steels

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Journal of iron and steel research(International) 2020年第6期27卷 681-690页

作者： Shu-jun Jia Ba Li Qing-you Liu Yi Ren Shuai Zhang Hong Gao Department of Structural steels Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application of iron and steel research institutes of ansteel group corporation Anshan 114009LiaoningChina

The morphology and characteristics of granular bainite (GB) in pipeline steels at different continuous cooling rates were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the morphology of ferrite matrix in GB turned from the lath sheaf structure into the nearly equiaxed large grain with the cooling rate decreasing from high (60℃/s) to low (5-10℃/s). At the medium cooling rate (20-40℃/s), GB consisted of the irregular ferrite matrix, the granular martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents and abundant substructures inside. The formation of the irregular ferrite and substructure was attributed to the high-temperature recovery which occurred at relatively high-temperature stage before phase transformation. The granular morphology of M/A constitu-ents was formed from the carbon-rich triple junctions which were produced by the multidirectional substructure interfaces converged with each other. Particularly, some martensite in M/A constituents was misoriented from the adjacent ferrite by very small misorientation angle, which could be characterized by the mean band contrast function of EBSD qualitatively or semiquantitatively.

关键词： Granular bainite Continuous cooling M/A constituent Cooling rate Irregular substructure

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Precipitation behavior of P550 steel for non-magnetic drill collars during isothermal aging at 650–900℃

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Journal of iron and steel research(International) 2022年第4期29卷 636-646页

作者： Li-wei Xu Huai-bei Zheng Hua-bing Li Zhou-hua Jiang Shu-cai Zhang Jiang-tao Yu Hao Feng Yue Lin School of metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application Anshan 114002LiaoningChina

Precipitation behavior of P550 steel for non-magnetic drill collars was investigated by microstructure characterization as well as thermodynamic *** results demonstrate that the main precipitate formed at 650–900℃was cellular Cr_(2)N,and its precipitation depended heavily on the aging *** most sensitive precipitation temperature of cellular Cr_(2)N was 750℃.At 750℃,the cellular Cr_(2)N exhibited fast-slow precipitation kinetics with the aging time *** initial precipitation of cellular Cr_(2)N was governed by the short-range intergranular diffusion of *** long-term aging,its growth was controlled by the long-range bulk diffusion of *** addition,cellular Cr_(2)N induced the precipitation of r phase ahead of the cell after long period of *** the nitrogen content resulted in the increment of both the nucleation site and the driving force for the cellular Cr_(2)N,which jointly promoted its precipitation.

关键词： P550 steel Non-magnetic drill collar Precipitation behavior Cellular Cr_(2)N r Phase Nitrogen

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A new understanding of the effect of Cr on the corrosion resistance evolution of weathering steel based on big data technology

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2022年第9期104卷 67-80页

作者： Xiaojia Yang Ying Yang Meihui Sun Jinghuan Jia Xuequn Cheng Zibo Pei Qing Li Di Xu Kui Xiao Xiaogang Li Institute for Advanced materials and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shunde Graduate School University of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399China state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application AnsteelAnshan 114021China

In this work,we studied the effect of Cr element on the corrosion resistance evolution of weathering steel based on corrosion big data *** suggested that corrosion big data technology is suitable for evaluation of the effect of microalloying Cr element on the corrosion evolution behavior of weathering *** understandings prove that the effect of Cr on the corrosion process is dynamic rather than static,the processes is affected by both of the environmental factors and the electrochemical or chemical reactions in the rust ***,Cr element has both beneficial effect and detrimental effect on the corrosion resistance of weathering *** beneficial effect is that the general corrosion resistance of Cr-additional steel is better than that of Cr-free steel,while the detrimental effect is that localized corrosion is intensified as the increase of Cr content in the Cr-additional steel.

关键词： Weathering steel Cr-addition Big data Atmospheric corrosion

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Probing microstructural evolution in weld metals subjected to varied CaF_(2)-TiO_(2) flux cored wires under high heat input electro-gas welding

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Journal of iron and steel research(International) 2023年第1期30卷 150-157页

作者： Xu Xie Ming Zhong Tan Zhao Cong Wang key laboratory for Ecological metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina School of metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina state key laboratory of Advanced Special steel Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application Ansteel Co.Ltd.Anshan 114021LiaoningChina

Fused CaF_(2)-TiO_(2) fluxes have been designed,prepared,and applied in the flux cored wires to join EH36 shipbuilding steels under high heat input electro-gas *** microstructural evolution in the weld metals subjected to varied CaF_(2)-TiO_(2) flux cored wires has been fully *** has been demonstrated that as the content of TiO2 in the fused fluxes increases,columnar grain size increases,and major constituents in the weld metal change from lath bainite,to granular bainite,and then to acicular *** phenomena are elucidated via salient chemical reactions involving oxygen pickup and concurrent titanium transfer.

关键词： Microstructural evolution Elemental variation Electro-gas welding High heat input Shipbuilding steel

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Effect of hollow insulation riser on shrinkage porosity and solidification structure of ingot

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Journal of iron and steel research(International) 2022年第12期29卷 1951-1960页

作者： Ying-jie Liu Chun-lin Peng Wan-ming Li Xiao-lei Zhu Ming-gang Shen Xiang-wei Liao Kun Liu Chong-yi Wei Yusuf Abba Yusuf Ji Yang Chang-you Cai School of materials and metallurgy University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114051LiaoningChina state key laboratory of metal material for marine equipment and application Anshan 114000LiaoningChina

The thermal insulation performance of riser is very important to the shrinkage porosity and solidification structure of ingot,but it is difficult to significantly improve due to the limit of thermal conductivity of riser material.A new type of hollow insulation riser was proposed based on the low thermal conductivity of air,which aims to improve the thermal insulation performance of riser.A 14.5-t steel ingot was prepared using the hollow insulation riser,and the casting temperature was 1500°*** temperature evolution of the external surface of mold during solidification was measured using an infrared temperature instrument.A numerical model was established to simulate the porosity and solidification structure of *** reliability of numerical simulation was verified by comparing simulation and experimental *** show that the insulation performance of the riser can be significantly improved through application of the hollow insulation *** with solid insulation sleeve,the shrinkage cavity depth was decreased and the position of porosity was raised when hollow insulation riser was applied.

关键词： Hollow insulation riser Solidification Heat transfer Porosity Thermal conductivity

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