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Combo Packet:An Encryption Traffic Classification Method Based on Contextual Information

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1223-1243页

作者： Yuancong Chai Yuefei Zhu Wei Lin Ding Li state key laboratory of Mathematical engineering and advanced computing Information Engineering UniversityZhengzhou450001China

With the increasing proportion of encrypted traffic in cyberspace, the classification of encrypted traffic has becomea core key technology in network supervision. In recent years, many different solutions have emerged in this *** methods identify and classify traffic by extracting spatiotemporal characteristics of data flows or byte-levelfeatures of packets. However, due to changes in data transmission mediums, such as fiber optics and satellites,temporal features can exhibit significant variations due to changes in communication links and transmissionquality. Additionally, partial spatial features can change due to reasons like data reordering and *** with these challenges, identifying encrypted traffic solely based on packet byte-level features is significantlydifficult. To address this, we propose a universal packet-level encrypted traffic identification method, ComboPacket. This method utilizes convolutional neural networks to extract deep features of the current packet andits contextual information and employs spatial and channel attention mechanisms to select and locate effectivefeatures. Experimental data shows that Combo Packet can effectively distinguish between encrypted traffic servicecategories (e.g., File Transfer Protocol, FTP, and Peer-to-Peer, P2P) and encrypted traffic application categories (e.g.,BitTorrent and Skype). Validated on the ISCX VPN-non VPN dataset, it achieves classification accuracies of 97.0%and 97.1% for service and application categories, respectively. It also provides shorter training times and higherrecognition speeds. The performance and recognition capabilities of Combo Packet are significantly superior tothe existing classification methods mentioned.

关键词： Encrypted traffic classification packet-level convolutional neural network attention mechanisms

IP-Pealing: A Robust Network Flow Watermarking Method Based on IP Packet Sequence

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第3期33卷 694-707页

作者： Wangxin FENG Xiangyang LUO Tengyao LI Chunfang YANG state key laboratory of Mathematical engineering and advanced computing key laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness of Henan Province

Network flow watermarking(NFW) is usually used for flow *** actively modulating some features of the carrier traffic,NFW can establish the correspondence between different network *** the face of strict demands of network traffic tracing,current watermarking methods cannot work efficiently due to the dependence on specific protocols,demand for large quantities of packets,weakness on resisting network channel interferences and so *** this end,we propose a robust network flow watermarking method based on IP packet sequence,called as *** is designed to utilize the packet sequence as watermark carrier with IP identification field which is insensitive to time jitter and suitable for all IP based *** enhance the robustness against packet loss and packet reordering,the detection sequence set is constructed in terms of the variation range of packet sequence,correcting the possible errors caused by the network *** improve the detection accuracy,the long watermark information is divided into several short sequences to embed in turn and assembled during *** a large number of experiments on the Internet,the overall detection rate and accuracy of IP-Pealing reach 99.91% and 99.42%*** comparison with the classical network flow watermarking methods,such as PROFW,IBW,ICBW,WBIPD and SBTT,the accuracy of IP-Pealing is increased by 13.70% to 54.00%.

关键词： Protocols Packet loss Watermarking Telecommunication traffic Jitter Robustness Internet

Integrating Neighborhood Geographic Distribution and Social Structure Influence for Social Media User Geolocation

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2513-2532页

作者： Meng Zhang Xiangyang Luo Ningbo Huang key laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness of Henan Province Zhengzhou450001China state key laboratory of Mathematical engineering and advanced computing Zhengzhou450001China

Geolocating social media users aims to discover the real geographical locations of users from their publicly available data,which can support online location-based applications such as disaster alerts and local content *** relationship-based methods represent a classical approach for geolocating social ***,geographically proximate relationships are sparse and challenging to discern within social networks,thereby affecting the accuracy of user *** address this challenge,we propose user geolocation methods that integrate neighborhood geographical distribution and social structure influence(NGSI)to improve geolocation ***,we propose a method for evaluating the homophily of locations based on the k-order neighbor-hood geographic distribution(k-NGD)similarity among *** are notable differences in the distribution of k-NGD similarity between location-proximate and non-location-proximate *** this distinction,we filter out non-location-proximate social relationships to enhance location homophily in the social *** better utilize the location-proximate relationships in social networks,we propose a graph neural network algorithm based on the social structure *** algorithm enables us to perform a weighted aggregation of the information of users’multi-hop neighborhood,thereby mitigating the over-smoothing problem of user features and improving user geolocation *** results on real social media dataset demonstrate that the neighborhood geographical distribution similarity metric can effectively filter out non-location-proximate social ***,compared with 7 existing social relationship-based user positioning methods,our proposed method can achieve multi-granularity user geolocation and improve the accuracy by 4.84%to 13.28%.

关键词： User geolocation social media neighborhood geographic distribution structure influence

Progress on the program of Si-compatible two-dimensional semiconductor materials and devices

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 152-171页

作者： Mingsheng XU Yuwei WANG Jiwei LIU Deren YANG College of Integrated Circuits State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor MaterialsZhejiang University School of Materials Science and engineering State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor MaterialsZhejiang University

Two-dimensional(2D) materials are at the forefront of innovation, heralding a new era for nextgeneration electronics and optoelectronics. These materials are distinguished by their unique structural characteristics: they have no hanging bonds on their surface, exhibit weakened electrostatic shielding in the Z-direction, and boast atomic thickness in their monolayers. These features have led to groundbreaking discoveries in electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, paving the way for advancements in low-power electronics, valleytronics, infrared detectors, and memory devices. Despite these promising developments,Si-based technologies continue to dominate the landscape of next-generation electronics and optoelectronics,as well as heterogeneous integration. In response to this ongoing evolution, the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) initiated a major program in 2021 dubbed “Si-compatible two-dimensional semiconductor materials and devices”. This study reviews the progress made under the NSFC Program,spotlighting its main achievements and outlining key future research directions. Additionally, it sheds light on the challenges that researchers in the 2D domain face, particularly in developing Si-compatible 2D technologies.

关键词： two-dimensional materials Si-based CMOS technologies electronics and optoelectronics heterogeneous integration low-power

A survey on federated learning:a perspective from multi-party computation

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第1期18卷 93-103页

作者： Fengxia LIU Zhiming ZHENG Yexuan SHI Yongxin TONG Yi ZHANG Institute of Artificial Intelligence and key laboratory of mathematics Informatics Behavioral Semantics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China state key laboratory of Software Development Environment and advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy computing Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Pengcheng laboratory Shenzhen 518055China Zhongguancun laboratory Beijing 100190China Institute for Mathematical Sciences and engineering Research Center of Financial computing and Digital engineering Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

Federated learning is a promising learning paradigm that allows collaborative training of models across multiple data owners without sharing their raw *** enhance privacy in federated learning,multi-party computation can be leveraged for secure communication and computation during model *** survey provides a comprehensive review on how to integrate mainstream multi-party computation techniques into diverse federated learning setups for guaranteed privacy,as well as the corresponding optimization techniques to improve model accuracy and training *** also pinpoint future directions to deploy federated learning to a wider range of applications.

关键词： sfederated learning multi-party ycomputation privacy-preserving data mining distributed learning

Effects of longitudinal magnetic field on primary dendrite spacing and segregation of directionally solidified single crystal superalloy

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第1期34卷 26-36页

作者： Congjiang Zhang Yilin Zhou Chen Shen Weili Ren Xiaotan Yuan Biao Ding Haibiao Lu Zuosheng Lei Yunbo Zhong Ang Zhang state key laboratory of advanced Special Steel College of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University National engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Natural Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University

The primary dendrite spacing(PDS) and segregation of directionally solidified single crystal(SC) superalloy under the longitudinal magnetic field(LMF) were investigated based on the analysis of the whole cross-sectional microstructure at different solidification distances. The results show that the PDS under the LMF remains basically unchanged at different solidification distances, and it is greater than that under no LMF. With the increase of magnetic field intensity, the PDS increases and the macrosegregation decreases. The increasing PDS and reducing segregation under the LMF can be attributed to the increase of solute boundary layer, which expands the non-equilibrium freezing temperature range and brings the effective partition coefficient closer to 1. The increase of the solute enrichment layer thickness could be caused by the downward secondary circulation generated by the thermoelectric magnetic convection(TEMC) near the interface, which drives the migration of solutes towards the interdendritic region. This work not only clarifies the mechanism of LMF controlling PDS and reducing segregation by TEMC, but also provides theoretical guidance for producing high-quality SC superalloys using magnetic fields.

关键词： Primary dendrite spacing Segregation Single crystal superalloy Directional solidification Magnetic field Thermoelectric magnetic convection

Recent developments in functional organic polymer coatings for biomedical applications in implanted devices

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Friction 2024年第11期12卷 2399-2440,F0004页

作者： Yinuo YANG Yiran JIA Yanran ZHAO Haimang WANG Hongyu ZHANG state key laboratory of Tribology in advanced Equipment Department of Mechanical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Organic polymer coatings have been commonly used in biomedical field,which play an important role in achieving biological antifouling,drug delivery,and *** the continuous development of polymer science,organic polymer coatings can be designed with complex and advanced functions,which is conducive to the construction of biomedical materials with different *** to different physical and chemical properties of materials,biomedical organic polymer coating materials are classified into zwitterionic polymers,non-ionic polymers,and *** strategies of combining coatings with substrates include physical adsorption,chemical grafting,and *** the coating materials and construction methods are different,many biomedical polymer coatings have been developed to achieve excellent performances,i.e.,enhanced lubrication,anti-inflammation,antifouling,antibacterial,drug release,anti-encrustation,anti-thrombosis,***,a large number of biomedical polymer coatings have been used in artificial lungs,ureteral stent,vascular flow diverter,and artificial *** this review,we summarize different types,properties,construction methods,biological functions,and clinical applications of biomedical organic polymer coatings,and prospect future direction for development of organic polymer coatings in biomedical *** is anticipated that this review can be useful for the design and synthesis of functional organic polymer coatings with various biomedical purposes.

关键词： organic polymer coating implanted biomedical device surface grafting method biological performance clinical application

Experiment and modelling of texture and sliding direction dependence on finger friction behavior

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Friction 2024年第9期12卷 1955-1968页

作者： Yuanzhe LI Xue ZHOU Pengpeng BAI Zhonghuan XIANG Yonggang MENG Liran MA Yu TIAN state key laboratory of Tribology in advanced Equipment School of Mechanical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Humans rely on their fingers to sense and interact with external *** the tribological behavior between finger skin and object surface is crucial for various fields,including tactile perception,product appearance design,and electronic skin *** describing finger frictional behavior is always challenging,given the complex structure of the *** this study,the texture and sliding direction dependence of finger skin friction was quantified based on explicit mathematic *** proposed double-layer model of finger skin effectively described the nonlinear elastic response of skin and predicted the scaling-law of effective elastic modulus with contact ***,the skin friction model on textured surface considering adhesion and deformation factors was *** revealed that adhesive term dominated finger friction behavior in daily life,and suggested that object texture size mainly influenced friction-induced vibrations rather than the average friction *** with digital image correlation(DIC)technique,the effect of sliding direction on finger friction was *** was found that the anisotropy in finger friction was governed by the finger’s ratchet pawl structure,which also contributes to enhanced stick-slip vibrations in the distal sliding *** proposed friction models can offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanism of skin friction under various operating conditions,and can provide quantitative guidance for effectively encoding friction into haptics.

关键词： finger friction tactile perception tribological model textured surface sliding direction

A novel UHMWPE composite with low friction coefficient for long-term ice sliding

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Friction 2024年第11期12卷 2480-2490页

作者： Yacong HOU Lei CHEN Zheng ZHANG Jinlin CHANG Ding WENG Yuan MA Jiadao WANG state key laboratory of Tribology in advanced Equipment School of Mechanical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Low friction ice sliding interfaces were critical for ski performance *** fluorinated ski waxes have attracted considerable attention for enhancing the hydrophobicity,anti-wearing,and oxidation resistance of ski–ice ***,the toxicity and complexity of the waxing process limited batch manufacturing of low-cost and non-toxic ski–ice base,what is more,the wax covering on the base wore and failed during skiing due to the friction between ski and ***,we demonstrated a novel ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)composite that could maintain a low coefficient of friction(COF)with about 0.026 for at least 160 min when skiing on the ***(MS)could release liquid(liquid paraffin(LP)).The released LP further enhanced the hydrophobicity of UHMWPE’s surfaces when friction occurred,which would maintain the stability and durability of the water film,and achieved superior and long-lasting friction *** with other microcapsules with lower hydrophobic core,microcapsules with LP performed the best in reducing the friction of ski base from 0.126 to ***,the COF of the surface kept at about 0.02 even after 12 rapid temperature *** presented UHMWPE composite of encapsulated liquids showed great potential and broad application owing to its simplicity and efficiency in winter sports.

关键词： microcapsule(MS) ice friction ski liquid paraffin self-lubrication water film