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Science Bulletin 2024年第14期69卷 2281-2288页

作者：王国桢董吉宝韩韬刘成程罗凡杨昊天何妙宏唐国强赵楠钰张倩薛刚 John Dodson 李秋立晏宏 state key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Laoshan laboratory Qingdao 266061China institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Xi’an 710061China Xi’an institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China state key laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia state key laboratory of lithospheric evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Yunnan key laboratory of Earth System Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

A"once-in-a-millennium"super rainstorm battered Zhengzhou,central China,from 07/17/2021 to 07/22/2021(named"7.20"Zhengzhou rainstorm).It killed 398 people and caused billions of dollars in damage.A pressing question is whether rainstorms of this intensity can be effectively documented by geological archives to understand better their historical variabilities beyond the range of meteorological ***,four land snail shells were collected from Zhengzhou,and weekly to daily resolved snail shellδ^(18)O records from June to September of 2021 were obtained by gas-source mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass *** daily resolved records show a dramatic negative shift between 06/18/2021 and 09/18/2021,which has been attributed to the"7.20"Zhengzhou ***,the measured amplitude of this shift is consistent with the theoretical value estimated from the flux balance model and instrumental data for the"7.20"Zhengzhou *** results suggest that the ultra-high resolutionδ^(18)O of land snail shells have the potential to reconstruct local synoptic scale rainstorms quantitatively,and thus fossil snail shells in sedimentary strata can be valuable material for investigating the historical variability of local rainstorms under different climate backgrounds.

关键词： Rainstorm Land snail shell d18O Paleoweather Central China

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Shear mechanical properties and fracturing responses of layered rough jointed rock-like materials

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第11期31卷 2417-2434页

作者： Xinxin Nie Qian Yin Manchao He Qi Wang Hongwen Jing Bowen Zheng Bo Meng Tianci Deng Zheng Jiang Jiangyu Wu state key laboratory for Geomechanics&Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China state key laboratory for Geomechanics&Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China key laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Materials University of OxfordOxford OX13PHUK

This study aims to investigate mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of layered rock with rough joint surfaces under direct shear *** layered samples with dimensions of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm were casted using rock-like materials,with anisotropic angle(α)and joint roughness coefficient(JRC)ranging from 15°to 75°and 2-20,*** direct shear tests were conducted under the application of initial normal stress(σ_(n)) ranging from 1-4 *** test results indicate significant differences in mechanical properties,acoustic emission(AE)responses,maximum principal strain fields,and ultimate failure modes of layered samples under different test *** peak stress increases with the increasingαand achieves a maximum value atα=60°or 75°.As σ_(n) increases,the peak stress shows an increasing trend,with correlation coefficients R² ranging from 0.918 to 0.995 for the linear least squares *** JRC increases from 2-4 to 18-20,the cohesion increases by 86.32%whenα=15°,while the cohesion decreases by 27.93%whenα=75°.The differences in roughness characteristics of shear failure surface induced byαresult in anisotropic post-peak AE responses,which is characterized by active AE signals whenαis small and quiet AE signals for a largeα.For a given JRC=6-8 andσ_(n)=1 MPa,asαincreases,the accumulative AE counts increase by 224.31%(αincreased from 15°to 60°),and then decrease by 14.68%(αincreased from 60°to 75°).The shear failure surface is formed along the weak interlayer whenα=15°and penetrates the layered matrix whenα=60°.Whenα=15°,as σ_(n) increases,the adjacent weak interlayer induces a change in the direction of tensile cracks propagation,resulting in a stepped pattern of cracks *** increase in JRC intensifies roughness characteristics of shear failure surface for a smallα,however,it is not pronounced for a largeα.The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanical responses and failure mechanisms of the layered roc

关键词： layered samples anisotropic angle joint roughness coefficient mechanical properties acoustic emission response fracturing evolution failure modes

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Spatiotemporal variation of rainy season span and precipitation recorded by lacustrine laminated pollen in the Tibetan Plateau during the past two millennia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 789-801页

作者： Anning CUI Houyuan LU Juzhi HOU Xingqi LIU Deke XU key laboratory of Cenozoic geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Capital Normal University College of Resource Environment and Tourism Beijing 100048China

The quantitative reconstruction of the length of the rainy season and precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) is crucial for revealing the spatiotemporal evolution of the Westerlies and Asian summer monsoon, as well as its ecological and environmental effects. Accurately determining the start and end times of the rainy season on the Plateau remains *** study determined the start and end times of the rainy season in different locations on the Plateau by identifying precipitation inflection points. We calculated the duration and precipitation amount of the rainy season and established a transfer function between the modern pollen assemblages and them. Then, we reconstructed the rainy season variations in Kusai Lake(northern TP) and Jiang Co(central TP) during the past two millennia. The results showed that, the rainy season precipitation in Kusai Lake recorded five periods of high precipitation: AD 580–680, 1000–1100, 1200–1450, 1550–1780, and 1920–present, corresponding to the stages with long rainy season. The rainy season precipitation sequence in Jiang Co recorded four periods of high precipitation: AD 80–500, 800–950, 1250–1450, and 1780–present, which is consistent with the long rainy season before AD 1000 but unclear afterward. Spatially, rainy season precipitation on the Plateau exhibited four patterns: “wet in both north and south” may be related to abnormally strong summer monsoons;“dry in both north and south” likely associated with weak Westerly wind and weak summer monsoon;“wet in the south and dry in the north” linked to strong summer monsoon and weak Westerly wind;and “dry in the south and wet in the north” connected to weak summer monsoon and strong Westerly wind. This study revealed the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of the rainy season onset and end, duration, and precipitation amount on the Plateau over the past two millennia. It provides natural background support for further understanding the coupling between Westerly wind and Asia

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Past two millennia Rainy season length Rainy season precipitation Quantitative reconstruction

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Preliminary research and scheme design of deep underground in situ geo-information detection experiment for geology in Time

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第1期34卷 1-13页

作者： Heping Xie Ru Zhang Zetian Zhang Yinshuang Ai Jianhui Deng Yun Chen Yong Zhou Mingchuan Li Liqiang Liu Mingzhong Gao Zeqian Yang Weiqiang Ling Heng Gao Qijun Hao Kun Xiao Chendi Lou state key laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China College of Water Resource&Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green EnergyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Limited Chengdu 610051China

The deep earth,deep sea,and deep space are the main parts of the national“three deep”strategy,which is in the forefront of the strategic deployment clearly defined in China’s 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year *** is important to reveal the evolutionary process and mechanism of deep tectonics to understand the earth’s past,present and *** academic con-notation of geology in Time has been given for the first time,which refers to the multi-field evolution response process of geological bodies at different time and spatial scales caused by geological processes inside and outside the *** on the deep in situ detection space and the unique geological envi-ronment of China Jinping Underground laboratory,the scientific issue of the correlation mechanism and law between deep internal time-varying and shallow geological response is given *** research and frontier exploration on deep underground in situ geo-information detection experiments for geology in Time are designed to be carried out,which will have the potential to explore the driving force of geology in Time,reveal essential laws of deep earth science,and explore innovative technologies in deep underground engineering.

关键词： Deep underground geology in Time China Jinping Underground laboratory In situ detection

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Geophysical evidence of large-scale silica-rich fluid flow above the continental subduction interface

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2796-2809页

作者： Yuantong MAO Liang ZHAO Marco G.MALUSA Stefano SOLARINO Silvia PONDRELLI Baolu SUN Coralie AUBERT Simone SALIMBENI Elena EVA Stéphane GUILLOT state key laboratory of lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Milano-BicoccaMilan 20126Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Osservatorio Nazionale TerremotiGenova 16145Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione di BolognaBologna 40127Italy Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont BlancCNRSIRDUGEISTerreGrenoble 38000France

Fluids in subduction zones can have major effects on subduction ***,geophysical constraints on the scale and impact of fluid flow during continental subduction are still *** we analyze the VP/VS ratios in the Western Alpine region,hosting one of the best-preserved fossil continental subduction zones worldwide,to investigate the impact of fluid flow during continental *** found a belt of high VP/VS ratios>1.9 on the upper-plate side of the subduction zone,consistent with a partially serpentinized upper-plate mantle,and a belt of unusually low VP/VS ratios<1.7 on the lower-plate side,at depths shallower than 30 *** propose that these low VP/VS ratios result from a widespread network of silica-rich veins,indicating past fluid flow along the continental subduction *** results suggest that past fluid flow may have reduced the effective stress along the subduction interface thus favoring continental subduction.

关键词： Western Alps Crustal structure Receiver function Vp/Vs ratio Silica enrichment

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Return to the Moon:New perspectives on lunar exploration

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2136-2148页

作者： Yangting Lin Wei Yang Hui Zhang Hejiu Hui Sen Hu Long Xiao Jianzhong Liu Zhiyong Xiao Zongyu Yue Jinhai Zhang Yang Liu Jing Yang Honglei Lin Aicheng Zhang Dijun Guo Sheng Gou Lin Xu Yuyang He Xianguo Zhang Liping Qin Zongcheng Ling Xiongyao Li Aimin Du Huaiyu He Peng Zhang Jinbin Cao Xianhua Li key laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China state key laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research and School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China state key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research laboratory School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Deep Space Exploration laboratory/CAS key laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shandong key laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Lunar exploration is deemed crucial for uncovering the origins of the Earth-Moon system and is the first step for advancing humanity’s exploration of deep *** the past decade,the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program(CLEP),also known as the Chang’e(CE)Project,has achieved remarkable *** has successfully developed and demonstrated the engineering capability required to reach and return from the lunar ***,the CE Project has made historic firsts with the landing and on-site exploration of the far side of the Moon,along with the collection of the youngest volcanic samples from the Procellarum KREEP *** achievements have significantly enhanced our understanding of lunar *** on this success,China has proposed an ambitious crewed lunar exploration strategy,aiming to return to the Moon for scientific exploration and *** plan encompasses two primary phases:the first crewed lunar landing and exploration,followed by a thousand-kilometer scale scientific expedition to construct a geological cross-section across the lunar *** the limitations of current lunar exploration efforts and China’s engineering and technical capabilities,this paper explores the benefits of crewed lunar exploration while leveraging synergies with robotic *** study refines fundamental lunar scientific questions that could lead to significant breakthroughs,considering the respective engineering and technological *** research lays a crucial foundation for defining the objectives of future lunar exploration,emphasizing the importance of crewed missions and offering insights into potential advancements in lunar science.

关键词： Crewed lunar exploration Water and volatiles Composition and structure of lunar interior Volcanic activity and evolution of lunar mantle Space weathering and radiation environments Exploration technology

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Cyclical one-way continental rupture-drift in the Tethyan evolution: Subduction-driven plate tectonics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第12期62卷 2005-2016页

作者： Bo WAN Fuyuan WU Ling CHEN Liang ZHAO Xiaofeng LIANG Wenjiao XIAO Rixiang ZHU state key laboratory of lithospheric evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Numerous continents have rifted and drifted away from Gondwana to repeatedly open ocean basins over the past-500 *** Gondwana-derived continents drifted towards and collided with components of the Eurasian continent to successively close the preexisting oceans between the *** tectonics satisfactorily describes the continental drift from Gondwana to Eurasia but does not define the geodynamic mechanism of continuously rifting to collisions of continents in the Tethy an *** reappraisal of geological records of the rift,collision and subduction initiation from the surface and various geophysical observations from depth,we propose that Eurasia-directed subducting oceanic slabs would have driven Tethyan system in the *** Eurasia-directed subduction would have dragged the passive Gondwana margin to rift and drift northwards,giving birth to new oceans since the *** closure of preexisting oceans between the Gondwana-derived continents and Eurasia led to continental collisions,which would have induced the initiation of oceanic subduction in the Tethyan *** episodic switches between collision-subduction-rift repeatedly led to the separation of continental fragments from Gondwana and dragged them to drift towards *** final disappearance of Neo-Tethy s would have induced collision of the Gondwana-derived continents with the Eurasian continent,giving rise to the Cenozoic Alpine-Zagros-Himalayan collisional ***,the Eurasia-directed oceanic subduction would have acted as a’one-way train’that successively transferred the ruptured Gondwana continental fragments in the south,into the terminal in the *** this regard,the engine of this"Tethyan one-way train"is the negative buoyancy of subducting oceanic slabs.

关键词： Tethyan geodynamics Oceanic slab Subduction initiation Continental collision Continental rift

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Precambrian mafic dyke swarms in the North China Craton and their geological implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第5期58卷 649-675页

作者： PENG Peng state key laboratory of lithospheric evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

A map of major Precambrian mafic dyke swarms and related units in the North China Craton is compiled, and the features and geological implications of these swarms are demonstrated. The Archean dyke swarms are available to portray the early crustal growth and cratonization. The middle Paleoproterozoic(2200–1850 Ma) swarms and related magmatic series could constrain the tectonic evolution: They approve that the craton was amalgamated by two sub-cratons. The late Paleoproterozoic(1800–1600 Ma), Mesoproterozoic(1400–1200 Ma) and Neoproterozoic(1000–800 Ma) series swarms are important in paleogeographic reconstruction: they indicate that North China might have connected with some of the North European and North American cratons during Proterozoic. Dyke swarms are not only geological timescales and tectonic markers but also evolution indicators of lithospheric mantle: they imply a rejuvenation of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle of North China at 1780–1730 Ma. These swarms occurred with several rifts, including the Hengling(2200–1970 Ma), Xuwujia(1970–1880 Ma), Xiong'er(1800–1600 Ma), Yan-Liao(1730–1200 Ma), and Xu-Huai(1000–800 Ma). Among them, the Xuwujia rift was possibly continental arc associated; whereas the others were intra-continental. In addition, the Xiong'er and Xu-Huai rifts were possibly triple junctions along the present southern and southeastern margins of the Craton, respectively. Different tectonic settings of these rifts and dyke swarms would result in diversified series of ore deposits.

关键词： North China Craton Precambrian mafic dyke swarm rift system supercontinent paleogeographic reconstruction

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Differences in both the structure and interaction of the crust and mantle on the eastern and western sides of the Ordos Block

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Yong CHEN Yifang CHEN Jiuhui CHEN Biao GUO Yu LI Panpan ZHAO state key laboratory of Seismic Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake Administration National Field Scientific Observatory for Continental Rift Valley Dynamics in Taiyuan institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake AdministrationKey Laboratory for Earthquake Prediction

The Ordos Block, the western part of the North China Craton (NCC), has preserved most of its cratonic lithospheric roots during the destruction and modification of the NCC, and nowconnects two distinctly different tectonic units, i.e., the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to the west and the North China Plain to the east. It is important to studythe detailed crust-mantle structure of the Ordos Block and surroundings to understand the interactions between the Ordos and adjacent regions and the dynamics of the NCC evolution. In this study, the S-wave velocity structure at depths of 0–100 km along an E-W profile at around 36.5°N from the Qilian orogen (QLO) to the Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO) within the NCC was investigated by joint inversion of the receiver functions (RFs) and surface wave dispersion data from 104 broadband seismic stations deployed in the region under the ChinArray project (Phase Ⅱ and Phase Ⅲ). The image of discontinuity structures along the profile was further constructed by common conversion point stacking of RFs. The main results are as follows:(1) The depth of the Moho in the study region gradually decreases from west to east, being the deepest in the QLO, the second in the Ordos Block, and the shallowest in the TNCO. Local depression and uplift of the Moho are also identified beneath the Haiyuan fault zone and the Shanxi-Shaanxi rift system (SSR), respectively.(2) The crust-mantle structure displays obvious lateral heterogeneities among tectonic regions. A pronounced low-velocity anomaly is observed at depths of 20–40 km beneath the QLO and becomes weakened and thinned to the east, indicating that thickening of the mid-to-lower crust probably occurred in the QLO during the growth and lateral extrusion of the northeastern TP under the resistance of the NCC. The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath the TNCO is imaged at～90 km depth, which is significantly shallower than that beneath the Ordos *** observation suggests that the lithosphere of t

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Cratonic Strike-Slip Faults in the Southwest Ordos Basin(Central China)， and Their Influence on Hydrocarbon Accumulation

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Zhao Wang Lei Huang Chiyang Liu Faqi He Huichong Jia Fubin Wang Peng Yang Fei Yang Xiaowei Li Sixuan Wu state key laboratory of Continental Dynamics， Northwest University institute of Oil and Gas Basin， Northwest University Xi'an Sinopec North China Oil and Gas Branch geology and geophysics Program， Missouri University of Science and Technology Exploration and Development Research institute， PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company

Cratonic strike-slip fault， despite its potentially significant influence on hydrocarbon accumulation， has attracted limited attention. This study investigates the geometry and kinematics of the cratonic strike-slip faults newly identified within the southwest Ordos Basin， Central China， based on 3D seismic reflection data. We recognized three dominant sets of faults with strike-slip nature trending respectively in NW， ENE， and N–S directions in the study area. These faults exhibit a stratified style characterized by distinct trends across various strata， with ENE-trending faults in the Mesozoic strata (Area A)， N-S-trending faults in the Paleozoic strata， and vertically discontinuous structures in the Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata (NW-trending Yudu fault zone and ENE-trending Yulinzi and Zaosheng fault zones). The contrasting kinematics of strike-slip faults observed in deep and shallow layers further confirm such fault stratification， suggesting isolated fault evolution within respective layers. The quantified fault parameters obtained from seismic reflection data， including length， width and displacement， suggest that these cratonic strike-slip faults in the Ordos Basin are immature. Comparisons with strike-slip faults in other cratonic basins and active tectonic settings suggest that the strike-slip faults within the Ordos Basin are representative of cratonic strike-slip faults， characterized by low maturity and a stratified faulting style， and they have special propagation mechanism (preferentially occurring in the shallow strata of the interior of the basin). Moreover， these fault characteristics have dual impacts on petroleum accumulation in the southwest Ordos Basin. The low faulty maturity makes the fault zone a special hydrocarbon reservoir (fault-fracture volume) in tight sandstone， while the stratified faulting style vertically separates the Mesozoic and Paleozoic petroleum systems in the southwest Ordos Basin. Our findings therefore contribute significa

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