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Cold tolerance and cold hardening strategy of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus （Coleoptera： Cerambycidae）

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Insect Science 2008年第4期15卷 307-316页

作者： Jing Tian Shu-Guang Hao Wei-Na Kong Rui-Yan Ma Le Kang Department of Entomology Shanxi Agncultural University Taigu Shanxi Province state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus, is an important pine forest pest and vector transmitting the pine wilt nematode that causes pine wilt disease. Low temperatures in autumn, winter and spring often differentially affect mortality of M. alternatus larvae. In this paper, we mainly compared the differences of mortality and cold hardening of larvae from different seasons, based on supercooling point （SCP） and cumulative probability of individuals freezing （CPIF）. The cold hardening of the larvae from autumn, winter and spring seasons were largely different. Correlations between mortality and CPIF of autumn and spring larvae were highest on day 1/4, and gradually decreased with prolonged exposure duration. This beetle＇s death mainly resulted from freezing in short exposure duration. However, the correlation between mortality and CPIF of winter larvae increased gradually with the prolonged exposure duration. Death did not mainly result from freezing in long exposure duration. Autumn larvae are more susceptible and adaptable than winter and spring larvae. Winter larvae have a slight freeze-tolerance trend. Our research showed that M. alternatus came into complex cold-hardening strategies under natural selection. Freeze avoidance is the primary strategy; with prolonged exposure duration to above SCP or 〈 0℃, chill tolerance is more important; this is followed by freeze tolerance during harsh winters.

关键词： cold acclimatization cold adaptation cold hardiness cold hardening strategy,Monochamus alternatus mortality supercooling point

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Variation of food availability affects male striped hamsters(Cricetulus barabensis)with different levels of metabolic rate

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 769-782页

作者： Jing WEN Song TAN Dehua WANG Zhijun ZHAO College of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

In the present study,we examined metabolic,morphological and neurochemical changes in male striped hamsters(Cricetulus barabensis)in response to variations in food *** with low and high levels of metabolic rate(MR:L-MR and H-MR,respectively),defined by their activity MR,were *** Experiment 1,36-h food deprivation was found to significantly decrease MR levels,body fat content,mass of small and large intestines,and leptin gene expression in the white adipose tissues in male ***,L-MR males displayed decreased MR during both the day and night phases of circadian cycles,whereas H-MR males only showed a decrease in MR during the day(resting phase).These data indicate that individual differences in physical activity were associated with animals’different metabolic responses to food *** Experiment 2,both groups of males went through a 4-week fasting and re-feeding(re)paradigm.H-re males showed a persistent high level of MR,with decreased body fat content and a trending decrease in leptin mRNA expression,compared to L-re ***,our data indicate that male striped hamsters with different levels of physical activity display altered,adaptive changes in response to variations in food *** neurochemical involvement of such adaptive changes needs to be further studied.

关键词： fasting food deprivation leptin metabolic rate re-feeding

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Cold storage alters the fat-trehalose trade-off,decreases the flight ability,and maintains the high survival rate and flight speed of Osmia excavata(Hymenoptera:Megachilidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 927-936页

作者： Yingying Song Li Liu Fang Ouyang Hongying Cui Wenxiu Guo Suhong Lv Baohua Ye Lili Li Yi Yu Xingyuan Men Institute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural UniversityJinanChina state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBejingChina

Osmia solitary bees are important pollinators of various crops *** has been widely used to synchronize the emergence time of Osmia species from cocoons with the blooming time of different crops,but the fitness of Osmia after refrigeration remains ***,the effects of long-term refrigeration at 0℃on the vitality,flight ability,and metabolism of Osmia excavata,which is known as the"king of pollination"in China,were *** survival rate(>90%before 120 d),weight loss rate(<15%after 170 d),and mean flight speed of *** were not greatly affected after long-term *** content of fats,which have antifreeze and energy storage properties,was not significantly altered in *** before 130 d of refrigeration,which might explain why the survival rates and flight speed of *** remained high after long-term ***,the flight duration and distance decreased significantly(P<0.05),and both were positively correlated with the reduced trehalose levels in ***(r=[+0.69]-[+0.71];P<0.05).Overall,these findings indicate that the pollination potential of *** for various crops with different flowering periods is high after long-term refrigeration;however,long-term refrigeration may decrease pollination *** findings highlight new research directions that could improve the ecological service function of refrigerated ***.

关键词： ecological service value flight ability Osmia pollination efficiency refrigeration vitality

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Impairment of cellular and humoral immunity in overweight Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 352-365页

作者： Deli XU Xinyu LIU Dehua WANG state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Life Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufuChina

Animal immunity is usually impaired in *** know little about the effect of being overweight or obese on the immune function of wild *** present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that immunity is suppressed in overweight Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus).In the study,16 overweight(body mass:90.8-127.6 g)and 16 lean gerbils(body mass:60.5-77.7 g)were randomly selected from a total of 174 male gerbils(body mass range:55.8-144.7 g).Half of the overweight and lean males were injected with sterile saline;the others were immunochallenged(IC)with phytohaemagglutinin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin to assess cellular and humoral immunity,*** fat mass,wet and dry spleen mass,leukocyte counts,blood glucose levels and serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the overweight gerbils than in the lean ***,phytohemagglutinin response indicative of cellular immunity and immunoglobulin G concentrations was significantly lower in the IC overweight gerbils than in the IC lean *** results indicate that cellular and humoral immunity are impaired in the overweight *** body fat mass,higher leukocyte counts and serum leptin levels imply that overweight gerbils are in a low grade inflammatory state.

关键词： cellular immunity humoral immunity leptin Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus) overweight

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Genetic diversity decreases as population density declines: Implications of temporal variation in mitochondrial haplotype frequencies in a natural population of Tscherskia triton

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Integrative Zoology 2006年第4期1卷 188-193页

作者： Jiayan XIE Zhibin ZHANG state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Wuhan Polytechnic University WuhanChina

Although the spatial genetic differentiation that occurs in animal populations has been extensively studied,information on temporal variations in genetic structure and diversity is still lacking,especially for animals with oscillating *** the present study,we used the mtDNA D-loop sequence to assess the temporal genetic variation in samples from six successive years for the greater long-tailed hamster,Tscherskia *** was carried out between 1998 and 2003 in cropland on the North China Plain,China.A total of 108 individuals were *** temporal samples showed a high level of genetic *** genetic changes in haplotype frequencies over time were detected for the hamster *** genetic drift and migration are likely to be the major factors responsible for the observed temporal *** genetic diversity of the hamster population was higher in years with higher population density,and lower in years with lower population *** result supports our hypothesis that genetic diversity decreases when population density declines in animals whose population oscillates greatly between *** combined effects of inbreeding and genetic drift caused by reproduction,dispersal and population size might play important roles in the observed changes in genetic structure and diversity between years.

关键词： genetic diversity mtDNA D-loop population structure temporal genetic differentiation Tscherskia triton

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Effect of pine foliage damage on the incidence of larval diapause in the pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus （Lepidoptera： Lasiocampidae）

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 441-445页

作者： Li-Li Huang Guo-Hong Wang Zhong He Feng Ge state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing key laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology College of Life Sciences Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China

The pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus （Walker） with a larval facultative diapause is one of the most destructive insect pests of the pine tree Pinus massoniana in China. The larvae feeding on pine trees with different damage levels were studied to determine the induction of diapause under both laboratory and field conditions. Developmental duration of larvae before the third instar was the longest when fed with 75%-90% damaged needles, followed by 25%-40% damaged needles and intact pine needles, whereas mortalities did not differ among different treatments under the conditions of 25℃ and critical photoperiod 13.5：10.5 L：D. At 25 ℃, no diapause was induced under 15：9 L：D, whereas 100% diapause occurred under 12：12 L：D regardless of the levels of needle damage. Incidences of larvae entering diapause when they were fed with intact, 25%-40% and 75%- 90% damaged pine needles were 51.7%, 70.8% and 81% under 13.5：10.5 L：D, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the field experiment. Incidence of diapause was significantly different among the pine needle damage levels of pine trees when the photoperiod was close to the critical day length, indicating that the effect of host plants on diapause induction was dependent on the range of photoperiod. The content of amino acid and sugar decreased and tannin increased in pine needles after feeding by the pine caterpillars, suggesting that changed levels of nutrients in damaged needles or a particular substance emitted by damaged pine trees was perhaps involved in the diapause induction of the pine caterpillar.

关键词： Dendrolimus punctatus diapause induction leaf damage photoperiod Pinus massoniana

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Metabolomics reveals the key role of oxygen metabolism in heat susceptibility of an alpine-dwelling ghost moth, Thitarodes xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 695-710页

作者： Wei Zhu Qian Meng Huan Zhang Meng-Long Wang Xumn Li Hong-Tuo Wang Gui-Ling Zhou Lin Miao Qi-Lian Qin Ji-Hong Zhang state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Herpetology Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China

Ghost moths inhabiting the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau are cold? adapted stenothermal organisms that are susceptible to heat (dead within 7 days at 27 °C exposure). Exploring the metabolic basis of their heat susceptibility would extend our understanding of the thermal biology of alpine-dwelling invertebrates. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was combined with physiological and transcriptional approaches to determine the metabolic mechanisms of heat susceptibility in Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae. The metabolomics results showed that 27 °C heat stress impaired the Krebs cycle and lipolysis in T. xiaojinensis larvae, as demonstrated by the accumulation of intermediary metabolites. In addition, carbohydrate reserves were highly and exclusively consumed, and an anaerobic product, lactate, accumulated. This evidence suggested a strong reliance on glycolysis to anaerobically generate energy. The respiration rate and enzymatic activity test results indicated a deficiency in O2 metabolism;in addition, the Krebs cycle capacity was not decreased, and the metabolic flux through aerobic pathways was limited. These findings were further supported by the occurrence of hypoxia symptoms in midgut mitochondria (vacuolation and swelling) and increased transcription of hypoxia-induced factor 1-α.Overall, heat stress caused O2 limitation and depressed the overall intensity of aerobic metabolism in ghost moths, and less efficient anaerobic glycolysis was activated to sustain their energy supply. As carbohydrates were depleted, the energy supply became deficient. Our study presents a comprehensive metabolic explanation for the heat susceptibility of ghost moths and reveals the relationship between O2 metabolism and heat susceptibility in these larvae.

关键词： energy metabolism ghost moths metabolomics thermal intolerance oxygen limitation respiration rate

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High-throughput genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ace-1 gene of mosquitoes using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

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Insect Science 2013年第2期20卷 167-174页

作者： Yun Mao Feng Tan Shuai-Guo Yan Guo-Xing Wu Chuan-Ling Qiao Wen-Xue Zhang Feng Cui College of Life Sciences Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan Province state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects & rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing College of Plant Protection Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China

Acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） plays a vital role in the nervous system of insects and other animal species and serves as the target for many chemical agents such as organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. The mosquito, Culex pipiens complex, a vector of human disease, has evolved to be resistant to insecticides by a limited number of amino acid substitutions in ACHE1, which is encoded by the ace-1 gene. The aims of this study are to identify single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） sites in the ace-1 gene of the C. pipiens complex and explore an economical high-throughput method to differentiate the genotypes of these sites in mosquitoes collected in the field. We identified 22 SNP sites in exon regions of the ace-1 gene. Four of them led to non-synonymous mutations, that is, Y163C, G247S, C677S and T682A. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time-of-flight mass spectrometry for genotyping at these four sites and another site F416V, which was relevant to insecticide resistance, in 150 mosquitoes collected from 15 field populations. We were able to synchronize analysis of the five SNP sites in each well of a 384-well plate for each individual mosquito, thus decreasing the cost to one-fifth of the routine analysis. Heterozygous genotypes at Y163C and G247S sites were observed in one mosquito. The possible influence of the five SNP sites on the activity or function of the enzyme is discussed based on the predicted tertiary structure of the enzyme.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase genotype insecticide resistance MassArray SNP

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Vomeronasal organ lesion disrupts social odor recognition, behaviors and fitness in golden hamsters

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第3期9卷 255-264页

作者： Yingjuan LIU Jinhua ZHANG Dingzhen LIU Jianxu ZHANG state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents in Agriculture Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of EcologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina

Most studies support the viewpoint that the vomeronasal organ has a profound effect on conspecific odor recognition,scent marking and mating behavior in the golden hamster(Mesocricetus auratus).However,the role of the vomeronasal organ in social odor recognition,social interaction and fitness is not well ***fore,we conducted a series of behavioral and physiological tests to examine the referred points in golden ham*** found that male hamsters with vomeronasal organ lesion showed no preference between a predator odor(the anal gland secretion of the Siberian weasels(Mustela sibirica)and putative female pheromone components(myristic acid and palmitic acid),but were still able to discriminate between these 2 kinds of *** behavioral tests of anxiety,we found that vomeronasal organ removal causes female hamsters to spend much less time in center grids and to cross fewer center grids and males to make fewer crossings between light and dark boxes than sham-operated *** indicates that a chronic vomeronasal organ lesion induced anxious responses in *** aggressive behavioral tests,we found that a chronic vomeronasal organ lesion decreased agonistic behavior in female hamsters but not in *** pup growth and litter size show no differences between the 2 *** together,our data suggested that vomeronasal organ ablation disrupted the olfactory recognition of social chemosignals in males,and induced anxiety-like and aggressive behavior changes in ***,a vomeronasal organ lesion did not affect the reproductive capacity and fitness of *** studies may have important implications concerning the role of the vomeronasal organ in golden hamsters and also in rodents.

关键词： anxious response golden hamster pheromone physiology vomeronasal organ

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Use of ryegrass strips to enhance biological control of aphids by ladybirds in wheat fields

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Insect Science 2012年第4期19卷 529-534页

作者： Zhao-Ke Dong Feng-Juan Gao Run-Zhi Zhang key laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University ofChinese Academy of Sciences state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Non-crop habitats may play a vital role in conservation biological control. This study tested the effect of ryegrass （Lolium multiflorum L.） strips on aphid and la- dybird populations in adjacent winter wheat fields. The field experiment was conducted in three ryegrass-margin wheat plots and three control plots in 2010 in North China. In spring, the same aphid species, Sitobion miscanthi （Takahashi）, was found in both the ryegrass strips and wheat plots. The population density of ladybirds in the ryegrass strips （3.5 4- 0.9/m2） was significantly higher than in the wheat plots （1.5 4- 0.5/m2）. We cut the ryegrass, forcing the ladybirds to migrate to the wheat fields. Three and eight days after cutting the ryegrass, the aphid numbers in the ryegrass-margin wheat plots decreased significantly： they were 19.9% and 53.6%, respectively, lower than in control plots. In the early period of ladybird population development, the percentage of larvae was greater in the ryegrass-margin wheat plots than in controls, and the peak number of pupae in the ryegrass-margin wheat plots occurred 5 days earlier than in the control plots. The results suggest that ryegrass strips may promote the development of ladybird populations. Cutting ryegrass can manipulate ladybirds to enhance biological aphid control in wheat fields. The efficiency of this management approach is discussed.

关键词： coccinellids habitat management natural enemies non-crop habitat

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