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Determining the major Bt refuge crops for cotton bollworm in North China

Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 829-839页

作者： Le-Fu Ye Xue Fu Fang Ouyang Bao-Yu Xie Feng Ge state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural University Harbin College of agricultural Resource and Environment HeilongjiangUniversity Harbin China

Evaluation of the effectiveness of refuge strategies involved in cotton boll- worm Bt resistance management would be aided by technologies that allow monitoring and quantification of key factors that affect the process under field conditions. We hy- pothesized that characterization of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in adult bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）（Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） moths may aid in determining the larval host that they developed upon. We found moths reared from larvae fed on peanut, soybean or cotton, respectively, could be differentiated using isotopic analyses that also corresponded to their respective larval host origins. These techniques were then used to classify feral second-generation bollworm moths caught in Bt cotton （Gossypium hirsu- rum） fields into different populations based on their isotopic signatures. In 2006-2007 feral moths captured in Bt cotton fields predominantly correlated with the peanut （Arachis hypogea） having served as their larval host, indicating this is the most important refuge crop for Bt-susceptible bollworm individuals （providing 58%-64% individuals） during independent moth peaks for the second generation in North China. The remaining feral moths correlated with soybean （Glycine max）（0-10%）; other C3 plant （20%-22%） and non-C3 plant （12%-14%） host types also provided some Bt-sensitive moths. Field obser- vations showed that peanut constitutes the primary refuge crop contributing to sustaining Bt-susceptible moths dispersing into cotton in North China. These results suggest that peanut may be a more effective refuge to sustain Bt-susceptible bollworm individuals and reduce the risk of development of a Bt-resistant biotype.

关键词： cluster analysis cotton bollworm host plant stable isotope transgenic Bt-cotton

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Jump Detector: An automated monitoring equipment for the locomotion of jumping insects

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 613-624页

作者： Feng Zhou Le Kang Xian-Hui Wang Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Continuous jumping behavior,a kind of endurance locomotion,plays important roles in insect ecological adaption and ***,the methods used for the efficient evaluation of insect jumping behavior remain largely ***,we developed a locomotion detection system named JumpDetector with automatic trajectory tracking and data analysis to evaluate the jumping of *** automated system exhibits more accurate,efficient,and adjustable performance than manual *** using this automatic system,we characterized a gradually declining pattern of continuous jumping behavior in 4th‐instar nymphs of the migratory *** found that locusts in their gregarious phase outperformed locusts in their solitary phase in the endurance jumping ***,the JumpDetector could be widely used in jumping behavior and endurance locomotion measurement.

关键词： bio-artificial interaction endurance locomotion EthoVision jumping behavior Locusta migratoria

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Plant phenolics mediated bottom-up effects of elevated CO2 on Acyrthosiphon pisum and its parasitoid Aphidius avenae

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 170-184页

作者： Hong-Yu Yan Hong-Gang Guo Yu-Cheng Sun Feng Ge state key laboratory of integrated management of pest and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 can alter plant secondary metabolites,which play important roles in the interactions among plants,herbivorous insects and natural ***,few studies have examined the cascading effects of host plant secondary metabolites on tri-trophic interactions under elevated CO2(eCO2).In this study,we determined the effects of eCO2 on the growth and foliar phenolics of Medicago truncatula and the cascading effects on two color genotypes oiAcyrthosiphon pisum(pink ***)and their parasitoid Aphidius avenae in the field open-top *** results showed that eCO2 increased photosynthetic rate,nodule number,yield and the total phenolic content of ***2 had contrasting effects on two genotypes of ***;the green genotype demonstrated increased population abundance,fecundity,growth and feeding efficiency,while the pink genotype showed decreased fitness and these were closely associated with the foliar genstein ***,eCO2 decreased the parasitic rate of *** independent of aphid ***2 prolonged the emergence time and reduced the emergence rate and percentage of females when associated with the green genotype,but little difference,except for increased percentage of females,was observed in *** under eCO2 when associated with the pink genotype,indicating that parasitoids can perceive and discriminate the qualities of aphid *** concluded that eCO2 altered plant phenolics and thus the performance of aphids and *** results indicate that plant phenolics vary by different abiotic and biotic stimuli and could potentially deliver the cascading effects of eCO2 to the higher trophic *** results also suggest that the green genotype is expected to perform better in future eCO2 because of decreased plant resistance after its infestation and decreased parasitic rate.

关键词： Acyrthosiphon pisum:Aphidius avenae elevated CO2 Medicago truncatula' phenolics tri-trophic level

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Inducible pine rosin defense mediates interactions between an invasive insect-fungal complex and newly acquired sympatric fungal associates

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第5期10卷 453-464页

作者： Chihang CHENG Fangyuan ZHOU Min LU Jianghua SUN state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Mutualism between insects and fungi drives insect evolutionary diversification and niche expansion;for invasive insects,however,mechanisms by which they maintain mutualistic relationships with beneficial fungi have not been clearly ***,we report that an invasive herbivorous insect,the red turpentine beetle(RTB),with its co-invasive mutualistic fungus,Leptographium procerum,has newly acquired a set of sympatric fungi during invasion,which could potentially outcompete the RTB mutualistic *** pine Pinus tabuliformis exhibited more rosin-based responses to the sympatric fungi than to RTB mutualistic fungus and,in return,the rapidly induced rosin suppressed the sympatric fungi more significantly than *** addition,from direct fungal pairing competitions,we found that the antagonistic effects of sympatric fungi on *** were drastically reduced under induced rosin *** results together with previous findings imply that pine oleoresin defense(turpentine and rosin)might have been exploited by the invasive mutualistic fungus ***,which helps to explain its invasion success and,by extension,its mutualistic partner RTB in China.

关键词： bark beetle-ophiostomatoid fungi-conifer interactions diterpene resin acid invasive species mutualism pine defense

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Chill injury in the eggs of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria （Orthoptera： Acrididae）： the time-temperature relationship with high-temperature interruption

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Insect Science 2005年第3期12卷 171-178页

作者： XIAO-HONGJING XIAN-HUIWANG LEKANG state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Mortality of the overwintering egg of the migratory locust, Locustamigratoria L., was attributed to chill injury because of its occurrence well above the egg' ssupercooling point. In this study, two parameters, upper limit of chill injury zone (ULCIZ) and sumof the injurious temperature (SIT), were used to examine the locust egg's cold hardiness. The valueof ULCIZ for the locust egg is 1.06 ± 0.54℃, and the SIT is -329.7 (hour ? degree). Thesuperoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities changed dramatically after cold stress,indicating that oxygen and hydroxide free radicals are probably efficiently detoxified at lowtemperatures. It was suggested that the nature of chill injury in locust egg might be a complex ofmetabolic disorder and a non-proportional decrease in enzymatic reaction and transports, because theLDH activity at low temperature increased significantly and the ATPase activity decreased withprolonged duration of exposure to low temperatures. The results from high temperature interruptionrevealed that the high temperature intervals significantly increased the survival of locust eggs.

关键词： locusta migratoria chill injury antioxidant enzymes cold hardiness

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Interpretation of the biological species concept from interspecific hybridization of two Helicoverpa species

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第2期52卷 284-286页

作者： WANG ChenZhu state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The biological species concept defines species in terms of interbreeding. Interbreeding between spe-cies is prevented by reproductive isolation mechanisms. Based on our results of interspecific hybridi-zation between Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta, reproductive isolation mechanisms of the two species are analyzed. A combination of prezygotic factors (absent sex attraction and physical incompatibility of the genitalia) and postzygotic factors (female absence and partial sterility in F1 hy-brids) causes reproductive isolation of the two species. In addition, the role of interspecific hybridiza-tion in speciation is discussed.

关键词：生物学种生物进化杂交再生机制

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Energy budgets of the Chinese green lacewing （Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） and its potential for biological control of the cotton aphid （Homoptera： Aphididae）

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 497-502页

作者： FENG GAO XIANG-HUI LIU FENG GE state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Energy budgets of larval stages of the Chinese green lacewing, Chrysopa sinica （Tjeder）（Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） were determined under laboratory conditions at photoperiod of 14：10 L：D, 27 ± 1℃ and 75% ± 2% RH. The energy used as ingestion, assimilation, respiration, productivity and feces was constructed for each developmental stage. In addition, under these experimental conditions, the potential of C. sinica as a biological control agent was evaluated according to the ingestion by this predator and the energy content of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii （Glover）（Homoptera： Aphididae）. The larval stage of C. sinica was able to consume 1281.4 1-day-old aphids, 1018.7 2-day-old aphids, 626.9 3-day-old aphids, 393.5 4-day-old aphids, 312.1 5-day-old aphids or 203.5 9-day-old aphids, respectively. No significant difference was detected between the estimated number of aphids consumed by the lacewings using energetic methods and the actual number of aphids consumed by the lacewings in this experiment. Our results showed that C. sinica is an important natural enemy of the cotton aphid, and energetic methods are very useful to quantify biological control efficacy of natural enemies.

关键词： Aphis gossypii biological control Chrysopa sinica ecological efficiency,energy budget predation

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Entry of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus

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Virologica Sinica 2017年第1期32卷 44-50页

作者： Fei Yuan Aihua Zheng CAS key laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus （SFTSV） is a globe-shaped virus covered by a dense icosahedral array of glycoproteins Gn/Gc that mediate the attachment of the virus to host cells and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Several membrane factors are involved in virus entry, including C-type lectins and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA. The post-fusion crystal structure of the Gc protein suggests that it is a class II membrane fusion protein, similar to the E/E1 protein of flaviviruses and alphaviruses. The virus particles are internalized into host cell endosomes through the clathrin-dependent pathway, where the low pH activates the fusion of the virus with the cell membrane. With information from studies on other bunyaviruses, herein we will review our knowledge of the entry process of SFTSV.

关键词： severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) bunyavirus entry fusion receptor

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Comparative transcriptomic analysis of larval and adult Malpighian tubules from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 991-1005页

作者： Yi-Yang Yuan Mei Li Fan Fan Xing-Hui Qiu state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Plant Protection Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei ProvinceChina

Malpighian tubules (MTs)are moregulatory organs of ***, usually considered the key excretory and os- increasing evidence has suggested that MTs perform many more functions than just *** now,the molecular and physiological functions of MTs in the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera),a very important agricultural pest,are largely *** this study,the transcriptomes of H. armigera MTs from larvae,male adults and female adults were sequenced using RNA-Seq technology,and comparative analyses of transcriptomes between two life stages (larval and adult)and between adult sexes were *** generated a total of 84 643 high-quality unigenes,and identified a large number of abundant transcripts putatively encoding proteins involved in diuresis,detoxification,immunity,carbohydrate transport and metabolism,development and *** found that the expression pattern of unigenes was relatively similar between female and male adult MTs,but different between larval and adult *** data suggest that insect MTs may take multiple physiological fimctions as versatile *** extensive alterations in gene expression in MTs occurred from larvae to adults reflect an ecological adaptation to different feeding *** dimorphism in the cotton bollworm is somewhat indicated by the transcriptional difference of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism,detoxification,immunity and reproduction in the MTs of male and female adults.

关键词： ecological adaptation Helicoverpa armigera Malpighian tubules sexual dimorphism transcriptome

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Cropland expansion facilitated the outbreak of cereal aphids during 1951–2010 in China

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Science Bulletin 2015年第11期60卷 1036-1037,1062页

作者： Zi-Hua Zhao Fang Ouyang Feng Ge state key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Entomology College of Agriculture and Biotechnology China Agricultural University

Landscape-scale pattern could affect ecosystem service such as biocontrol of agricultural pests. Additionally, pest outbreak has been shown to be interwoven with land-use intensity. In the present research, we collected and analysed the 60-year data of cereal aphids and wheat area during 1951–2010 in China. Regression model was applied to analyse the relationship between pest damage and cropland expansion. Results showed that the percentage of cereal aphid outbreak area in wheat area increased rapidly during 1951–2010. It was 9 % during 1951–1960, while it was above 60 % during 2001–2010. In addition, effect of cropland expansion on damage of cereal aphids was significantly positive, which indicated that cropland expansion in agricultural landscape may enhance pest damage ***, we concluded that cropland expansion was one of the most important drivers of increasing pest outbreak,which should be considered in sustainable management of cereal aphids combined with other factor(e.g. climate changes and resistant variety) at large spatiotemporal scale.

关键词： agricultural intensification Cereal aphids Biocontrol Ecosystem service Scale

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