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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu Xiao Wei Xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang college of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University state key laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus state key laboratory of Marine resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and Environmental engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Methane Electrochemical conversion Reaction mechanism Catalyst design Electrode Electrocatalysis

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Amino acid assisted aqueous synthesis of highly stable CsPbBr_(3)nanocrystals for cell imaging

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 675-683页

作者： Xue Li Yanan Guo Guoying Tan Qingyi Liu Nan Song Yu Tang state key laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China state key laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare EarthsBaotou 014030China

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance and have drawn great interests in the fields of biological imaging and ***,the poor stability of CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)in water is still a challenge to hinder their practical *** this work,a facile strategy has been developed for aqueous synthesis of CsPbX_(3) nanocrystals,in which L-glutamic acid(LGlu)has been used to replace oleic acid in the synthetic *** from the synergic effects of L-Glu and oleylamine(OAm),CsPbBr_(3)nanocrystals(L-Glu/OAm-CsPbBr_(3)NCs)with high water stability have been directly prepared under a mild condition at room temperature in water,facilitated by the process of crystal phase transformation from Cs_(4)PbBr_(6) to CsPbBr_(3).L-Glu/OAm-CsPbBr_(3)NCs exhibit a high quantum yield of 85%and a narrow full width at half maximum of 16 nm,demonstrating their efficient luminescence in ***,L-Glu on the surface have contributed greatly to an acidic environment and passivation of surface defects,improving the water stability and dispersibility of CsPbBr_(3)***,L-Glu/OAm-CsPbBr_(3)NCs exhibit great biocompatibility due to the presence of L-Glu,resulting in their good performance for HeLa cell ***,we propose a facile and effective method to prepare CsPbBr_(3)nanocrystals with excellent water stability by using L-Glu and OAm as cooperated ligands and expand their application in cell imaging.

关键词： aqueous synthesis cell imaging lead halide perovskite nanocrystals L-glutamic acid phase transformation

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DYNAMIC CORRECTION OF ROUGHNESS IN THE HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第2期21卷 255-263页

作者： BAO Wei-min ZHANG Xiao-qin QU Si-min state key laboratory of hydrology-water resources and hydraulic engineering College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Based on the hydrodynamic model and the Xinanjiang model, the fiver stage forecasting model has been proposed. But its performance is not satisfactory as applied to estuary areas. River roughness is a sensitive parameter in the hydrodynamic model, and its value is related to some substantial uncertainties in the tidal fiver. According to roughness tests, a new method of roughness dynamic correction was developed to improve the performance of the stage model. The method was focused on the usage of observed data for the studied section, and its parameters were analyzed. Nested with the dynamic correction of roughness, the stage model was applied to the tidal reach of the Caoe River. The results demonstrate that the roughness dynamic correction can improve the simulation accuracy of the stage model, and especially has the capacity of reducing the errors at peak stages.

关键词： hydrodynamic model Xinanjiang model roughness test roughness dynamic correction nesting-modeling Caoe River

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APPLICATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL WAVELET TRANSFORM IN NEAR-SHORE X-BAND RADAR IMAGES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第2期23卷 179-186页

作者： FENG Xiang-bo YAN Yi-xin, ZHANG Wei state key laboratory of hydrology-water resources and hydraulic engineering and college of harbor Coastal and Offshore Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Among existing remote sensing applications, land-based X-band radar is an effective technique to monitor the wave fields, and spatial wave information could be obtained from the radar images. Two-dimensional Fourier Transform （2-D FT） is the common algorithm to derive the spectra of radar images. However, the wave field in the nearshore area is highly non-homogeneous due to wave refraction, shoaling, and other coastal mechanisms. When applied in nearshore radar images, 2-D FT would lead to ambiguity of wave characteristics in wave number domain. In this article, we introduce two-dimensional Wavelet Transform （2-D WT） to capture the non-homogeneity of wave fields from nearshore radar images. The results show that wave number spectra by 2-D WT at six parallel space locations in the given image clearly present the shoaling of nearshore waves. Wave number of the peak wave energy is increasing along the inshore direction, and dominant direction of the spectra changes from South South West （SSW） to West South West （WSW）. To verify the results of 2-D WT, wave shoaling in radar images is calculated based on dispersion relation. The theoretical calculation results agree with the results of 2-D WT on the whole. The encouraging performance of 2-D WT indicates its strong capability of revealing the non-homogeneity of wave fields in nearshore X-band radar images.

关键词： non-homogeneity X-band radar two-dimensional Wavelet Transform (2-D WT) dispersion relation nearshore wave field

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Verification of A Numerical Harbour Wave Model

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China Ocean engineering 2007年第4期21卷 647-658页

作者：潘军宁洪广文左其华王登婷 state key laboratory of hydrology-water resources and hydraulic engineering Hohai University state key laboratory of hydrology-water resources and hydraulic engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute

A numerical model for wave propagation in a harbour is verified by use of physical models. The extended time-dependent mild slope equation is employed as the governing equation, and the model is solved by use of ADI method containing the relaxation factor. Firstly, the reflection coefficient of waves in front of rubble-mound breakwaters under oblique incident waves is determined through physical model tests, and it is regarded as the basis for simulating partial reflection boundaries of the numerical model. Then model tests on refraction, diffraction and reflection of waves in a harbour are performed to measure wave height distribution. Comparative results between physical and numerical model tests show that the present numerical model can satisfactorily simulate the propagation of regular and irregular waves in a harbour with complex topography and boundary conditions.

关键词： wave mild slope equation numerical model harbour verification

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Measurement of particle size based on digital imaging technique

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第2期25卷 242-248页

作者：陈红唐洪武刘云王浩刘贵平 state key laboratory of hydrology-water resources and hydraulic engineering Hohai University

To improve the analysis methods for the measurement of the sediment particle sizes with a wide distribution and of irregular shapes, a sediment particle image measurement, an analysis system, and an extraction algorithm of the optimal threshold based on the gray histogram peak values are proposed. Recording the pixels of the sediment particles by labeling them, the algorithm can effectively separate the sediment particle images from the background images using the equivalent pixel circles with the same diameters to represent the sediment particles. Compared with the laser analyzer for the case of blue plastic sands, the measurement results of the system are shown to be reasonably similar. The errors are mainly due to the small size of the particles and the limitation of the apparatus. The measurement accuracy can be improved by increasing the Charge-Coupled Devices （CCD） camera resolution. The analysis method of the sediment particle images can provide a technical support for the rapid measurement of the sediment particle size and its distribution.

关键词： particle size extraction algorithm of optimal threshold equivalent circle transformation

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The effect of a curved bed on the discharge equation in a spillway with a breast wall

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第2期27卷 311-318页

作者： NGUYEN Cong-Thanh 王玲玲唐洪武 state key laboratory of hydrology-water resources and hydraulic engineering College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai University

The flow through a breast wall spillway is greatly affected by the centripetal force due to a downstream curved profile. Therefore, the mean vertical pressure distribution at the outlet section is not consistent with the hydrostatic pressure law. This distribution in turn affects the discharge capacity of the breast wall spillway. This paper experimentally studies the effect of a convex downstream profile on the mean pressure variation and the discharge of a breast wall spillway without gates. It is indicated that the effect of the curvilinear streamline on the mean vertical pressure variation is significant. The regression analysis method is used to determine the water head effect Z o of the orifice opening through the mean pressure variation. A discharge prediction formula of the breast wall spillway is obtained under the limited conditions of a laboratory flume. The predicted discharge is compared to the measured discharge. A good agreement is evidenced for the free orifice flow with errors within ？5%, while a big error（20% or even more） is obtained if the hydrostatic pressure law is used for the determination of Zo.

关键词： curved bed spillway breast wall multiple linear regression orifice flow mean pressure distribution

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Evaluation of latest TMPA and CMORPH satellite precipitation products over Yellow River Basin

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water Science and engineering 2016年第2期9卷 87-96页

作者： Shan-hu Jiang Meng Zhou Li-liang Ren Xue-rong Cheng Peng-ju Zhang state key laboratory of hydrology-water resources and hydraulic engineering Hohai University college of hydrology and water resources Hohai University

The main objective of this study was to evaluate four latest global high-resolution satellite precipitation products(TMPA 3B42 RT, CMORPH,TMPA 3B42V7, and CMORPH_adj) against gauge observations of the Yellow River Basin from March 2000 to December 2012. The assessment was conducted with several commonly used statistical indices at daily and monthly scales. Results indicate that 3B42V7 and CMORPH_adj perform better than the near real-time products(3B42RT and CMORPH), particularly the 3B42V7 product. The adjustment by gauge data significantly reduces the systematic biases in the research products. Regarding the near real-time datasets, 3B42 RT overestimates rainfall over the whole basin, while CMORPH presents a mixed pattern with negative and positive values of relative bias in low- and high-latitude regions,respectively, and CMORPH performs better than 3B42 RT on the whole. According to the spatial distribution of statistical indices, these values are optimized in the southeast and decrease toward the northwest, and the trend is similar for the spatial distribution of the mean annual precipitation during the period from 2000 to 2012. This study also reveals that all the four products can effectively detect rainfall events. This study provides useful information about four mainstream satellite products in the Yellow River Basin, and the findings can facilitate the use of global precipitation measurement(GPM) data in the future.

关键词： Satellite precipitation TMPA CMORPH Yellow River Basin

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Vadose-zone moisture dynamics under radiation boundary conditions during a drying process

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第5期26卷 734-744页

作者：韩江波周志芳傅志敏王锦国 School of Earth Sciences and engineering Hohai University state key laboratory of hydrology-water resources and hydraulic engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute college of hydrology and water resources Hohai University

In order to better understand the soil moisture dynamics during a drying process, a soil column experiment is conducted in the laboratory, followed by the numerical modeling with consideration of the coupled liquid water, water vapor and heat transport in the vadose zone. Results show that there are three distinct subzones above the water table according to the temporally dynamic variation of the water content profiles. Zone 1 sees a decrease in the water contents in the upper profiles （0 m-0.05 m） due to a negative net water flux in this zone where the upward isothermal water vapor flux becomes the main flow mechanism in the soils. Irl contrast, the water content within Zone 2 in the depth ranging from 0.05 m to 0.37 m sees an apparent increase over the, resulting from the positive net thermal water-vapor and isothermal liquid-water fluxes into this layer. Zone 3 （0.37 m-0.65 m） also sees an apparent decrease in the water content since the isothermal liquid water flux carries the liquid water either upward out of this region for vaporization or downward to the water table as a recharge to the groundwater.

关键词： moisture dynamics soil water flux vadose zone soil column experiment soil drying

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Improvement of wind field hindcasts for tropical cyclones

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water Science and engineering 2016年第1期9卷 58-66页

作者： Yi Pan Yong-ping Chen Jiang-xia Li Xue-lin Ding state key laboratory of hydrology-water resources and hydraulic engineering Hohai University college of harbor Coastal and Offshore Engineering Hohai University

This paper presents a study on the improvement of wind field hindcasts for two typical tropical cyclones, i.e., Fanapi and Meranti, which occurred in 2010. The performance of the three existing models for the hindcasting of cyclone wind fields is first examined, and then two modification methods are proposed to improve the hindcasted results. The first one is the superposition method, which superposes the wind field calculated from the parametric cyclone model on that obtained from the cross-calibrated multi-platform （CCMP） reanalysis data. The radius used for the superposition is based on an analysis of the minimum difference between the two wind fields. The other one is the direct modification method, which directly modifies the CCMP reanalysis data according to the ratio of the measured maximum wind speed to the reanalyzed value as well as the distance from the cyclone center. Using these two methods, the problem of underestimation of strong winds in reanalysis data can be overcome. Both methods show considerable improvements in the hindcasting of tropical cyclone wind fields, compared with the cyclone wind model and the reanalysis data.

关键词： Tropical cyclone Parametric cyclone wind model CCMP reanalysis data Wind field hindcasts

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