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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第4期10卷 354-356页

作者： Wang Feiteng Zhu Qiang Tao Hua state key laboratory of cryospheric Science State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science

From July 31st to August 1st,2018,the International Workshop on cryospheric Changes and Their Regional and Global Impacts,co-sponsored by the state key laboratory of cryospheric Science of Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources(NIEER),Chinese Academy of sciences,People's Government of Dunhuang City,the International Association of cryospheric sciences(IACS),the World Climate Research Program Climate and Cryosphere(WCRP)/the Climate and Cryosphere(CliC),the University of Alaska Fairbanks and others,was successfully held in Dunhuang,Gansu Province.

关键词： WCRP Eco-Environment CliC

Studies on eco-environmental change in source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers of China:present and future

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第3期11卷 173-183页

作者： JianPing Yang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences

The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are important in the field of eco-environmental change research in China because of its distinct alpine ecosystem and cryosphere environment. At present, there are three different concepts on the extent of source areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers: hydrological, geographical, and eco-environmental. Over the past decades, annual average air temperature has warmed significantly;moreover, the temperature rise rate increases notably with increase of time of the data series. Annual precipitation has no obvious increase or decrease trend, and the climate has become warm and dry in the source regions. As a result, the cryosphere in the regions has shrunk significantly since 1960 s. A warm and dry climate and changing cryosphere together induced a substantial declination of alpine wetlands, marked decrease in river runoff, significant degradation of alpine grassland, and a reduction of engineering stability.The ecological environment, however, has a tendency for restoration in the regions because the climate has become gradually warm and wet since 2000. Thus, studies on eco-environmental change is transforming from a single element to multidisciplinary integration. Climate change-cryopshere change-physical and socioeconomic impacts/risk-adaptation constitute a chain of multidisciplinary integration research.

关键词： cryosphere change hydrological system alpine grassland the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers present and future

Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Disasters and Integrated Risk Management in China

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第4期8卷 493-497页

作者： Shijin Wang Lanyue Zhou State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences

High-risk areas for glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF) disasters in China are mainly concentrated in the middle-eastern Himalayas and Nyainqe?ntanglha(Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains), Tibetan Plateau. In the past 20 years, glaciers in these regions have retreated and thinned rapidly as a response to regional climate warming,leading to the formation of new glacial lakes and the expansion of existing glacial lakes. These areas are located in the border belt between the Indian and the Eurasian plates, where tectonic seismic activity is also frequent and intense. Earthquakes have often compromised the stability of mountain slopes, glaciers, and moraine dams, resulting in an imbalance in the state of glacial lakes and an increase of loose materials in valleys. It is foreseeable that the possibility of GLOFs and disaster occurrence will be great in the context of frequent earthquakes and continued climate warming. This article presents the temporal and spatial characteristics of GLOF disasters, as well as the conditions and mechanisms of GLOF disaster formation,and proposes an integrated risk management strategy to cope with GLOF disasters. It aims to facilitate the mitigation of the impacts of GLOF disasters on mountain economic and social systems, and improve disaster risk analysis, as well as the capability of risk management and disaster prevention and reduction.

关键词： China Glacial lake outburst flood disasters Risk management Tibetan Plateau

Vertical distribution characteristics of soil mercury and its formation mechanism in permafrost regions:A case study of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2022年第3期34卷 311-321页

作者： Yali Liu Junfeng Wang Junming Guo Luyang Wang Qingbai Wu state key laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Bering 200049China state key laboratory of cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China

Continuing permafrost degradation is increasing the risk of mercury(Hg) exposure in the permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP),but related studies are still limited,especially the ones on the detailed Hg migration processes in permafrost.The vertical distribution characteristics of soil Hg were investigated in three ecosystems in the Beiluhe area on the QTP,and its influencing factors and formation mechanism were investigated.The results indicate that the total soil mercury(THg)concentration in the Beiluhe area remains at an extremely low level(6.33±2.45 ng/g).In the vertical profile,the THg concentration of the shallow soil layer(0-50 cm)(5.96±2.22 ng/g)is significantly lower than that of the deep layer(50-400 cm)(7.44±2.71 ng/g)(p<0.05).Within the upper 50 cm,the THg concentration decreases with soil depth,and the peak THg concentration occurs at 100-300 cm on the entire profile.Although the THg concentration is slightly affected by the organic matter in the shallow soil layer,in general,the soil parent material is the dominant factor affecting the THg concentration.Intense weathering results in a low THg concentration in the shallow soil layer because the soil Hg is carried downward with the soil moisture.To a certain depth,the impermeable frozen soil layer intercepts the flow of the soil Hg,and it forms a Hg enrichment layer.This paper presents the distinctive pattern of the soil Hg distribution in the permafrost regions of the QTP.

关键词： Total soil mercury Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Alpine ecosystems Permafrost Mercury migration

Geotextile protection of glacier:Observed and simulated impacts on energy and mass balance

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第6期14卷 963-975页

作者： Fei-Teng WANG Shuang-Shuang LIU Xing WANG Hui-Lin LI Chun-Hai XU Lin WANG Yu-Ang XUE Xiao-Ying YUE state key laboratory of cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

The detailed physical processes involved in slowing glacier ablation by material cover remain poorly understood so far.In the present study,using the snow cover model SNOWPACK,the effect of geotextile cover on the energy and mass balance at the tongue of the Urumqi Glacier No.1(Chinese Tien Shan)was simulated between July 12,2022 and August 31,2022.The mass changes and the energy fluxes with and without material cover were compared.The results indicated that the geotextile covering reduced glacier ablation by approximately 68%compared to the ablation in the uncovered regions.The high solar reflectivity of the geotextile reduced the net short-wave radiation energy available for the melt by 45%.Thermal insulation of the geotextile reduced the sensible heat flux by 15%.In addition,the wet geotextile exerted a cooling effect through long-wave radiation and negative latent heat flux.This cooling effect reduced the energy available for ablation by 20%.Consequently,only 37%of the energy was used for melting compared to that used in the uncovered regions(67%).Sensitivity experiments revealed that the geotextile cover used at a thickness range of 0.045-0.090 m reduced the ice loss by approximately 68%-72%,and a further increase in the thickness of the geotextile cover led to little improvements.A higher temperature and greater wind speed increased glacier ablation,although their effects were small.When the precipitation was set to zero,it led to a significantly increased melt.Overall,the geotextile effectively protected the glacier tongue from rapid melting,and the observed results have provided inspiration for developing an effective and sustainable approach to protect the glaciers using geotextile cover.

关键词： Artificial melt reduction SNOWPACK Geotextile Energy and mass balance Urumqi glacier No.1 Chinese Tien Shan

Temperature variations along the Silk Road over the past 2000 years:Integration and perspectives

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Science China Earth sciences 2023年第7期66卷 1468-1477页

作者： Jianhui CHEN Haipeng WANG Yan LIU Shuai MA Wei HUANG MOE key laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China state key laboratory of cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Reconstructing temperature changes along the Silk Road(SR)over the last two millennia can provide insights into past global changes and their impact on the rise and fall of ancient civilizations in this region.Numerous high-quality single-site paleotemperature records have been produced for the eastern part of the SR(mainly for the Xinjiang region and its surrounding areas),which provide the data basis for a comprehensive synthesis.In this study,we used objective criteria to select 10 highquality ones from 30 temperature reconstructions derived from various geological archives including lacustrine sediments,ice cores,and tree rings in this region.Our aims are to summarize the pattern of temperature change over the past 2000 years,to provide a long-term viewpoint on the present warming,and to evaluate the impact of climate change on civilizations along the SR.The principal results are as follows:(1)The temperature variations over the last millennium are mutually consistent within these records.The study area experienced typical climate anomalies during the Medieval Warm Period(MWP,AD 1000-1250),the Little Ice Age(LIA,AD 1450-1850),and the Current Warm Period(CWP,AD 1850 to present);however,contrary to previous knowledge,the amplitude of climatic warming during the CWP did not exceed that during the MWP.(2)Fewer temperature records were available for the interval AD 1–1000,and there were large differences between them.For example,the reconstructed climate during both the Han Dynasty and the Sui-Tang Dynasties was either warm or cold,without prevailing consensus.(3)The warming during the MWP favored the rapid development of the SR route along the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains,and the cooling during the LIA contributed to the decline of the SR marked by the closure of the Jiayuguan Pass.Notably,the scarcity of temperature records and the discrepancies between them during AD 1-1000 in the eastern part of the SR have hindered our understanding of the hydroclimatic changes and their influence on the developm

关键词： Silk Road Medieval Warm Period Little Ice Age Current Warm Period Rise and fall of civilizations

Review on simulation of land-surface processes on the Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第2期11卷 93-115页

作者： Rui Chen MeiXue Yang XueJia Wang GuoNing Wan state key laboratory of cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences

The Tibetan Plateau(TP) has powerful dynamics and thermal effects, which makes the interaction between its land and atmosphere significantly affect climate and environment in the regional or global area. By retrospecting the latest research progress in the simulation of land-surface processes(LSPs) over the past 20 years, this study discusses both the simulation ability of land-surface models(LSMs) and the modification of parameterization schemes from two perspectives, the models' applicability and improved parameterization schemes. Our review suggests that different LSMs can well capture the spatiotemporal variations of the physical quantities of LSPs; but none of them can be fully applied to the plateau, meaning that all need to be revised according to the characteristics specific to the TP. Avoiding the unstable iterative computation and determining the freeze-thaw critical temperature according to the thermodynamic equilibrium equation, the unreasonable freeze-thaw parameterization scheme can be improved. Due to the complex underlying surface of the TP, no parameterization scheme of roughness length can well simulate the various characteristics of the turbulent flux over the TP at different temporal scales. The uniform soil thermodynamic and hydraulic parameterization scheme is unreasonable when it is applied to the plateau, as a result of the strong soil heterogeneity. There is little research on the snow-cover process so far,and the improved scheme has no advantage over the original one due to the lack of some related physical processes. The constant interaction among subprocesses of LSPs makes the improvement of a multiparameterization scheme yield better simulation results. According to the review of existing research, adding high-quality observation stations, developing a parameterization scheme suitable for the special LSPs of the TP, and adjusting the model structures can be helpful to the simulation of LSPs on the TP.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau land - atmosphere interaction land-surface models model applicability parameterized modification

Impacts of 1.5℃ global warming on hydrological conditions of navigation along the Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第6期14卷 904-912页

作者： Jin-Lei CHEN Shi-Chang KANG A-Dan WU Di-Di HU state key laboratory of cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China key laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province Northwest Insttute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000 China

Arctic navigability is crucial to the global economy and landscape,while there is an omission in understanding how Arctic navigability changes as a function of 1.5℃ of the Paris Agreement.This study investigated the impact of 1.5℃ global warming above the preindustrial level on sea ice conditions and accessibility of the Northern Sea Route(NSR)and Northwest Passage(NWP)with the Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System and new risk demarcation criteria.The Arctic is colder on the Canadian side than on the European side under 1.5℃ warming.Sea ice is mostly less than three years old,and the younger,thinner and less concentrated ice is mainly in the seas along the NSR.Ships above Polar Class(PC)6 might be unimpeded along two passages all the year.Besides,the NSR and NWP have great potential for PC6 ships in October-December,while it is only the NSR for PC7 ships.Caution is still required when navigating the western East Siberian Sea,its surrounding straits,and the Parry Channel.These changes in hydrological conditions are important for global shipping,and this work is helpful for supporting coordinated international decision-making.

关键词： Arctic Sea ice Northern sea route Northwest passage Global warming

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of a Temperate-Glacier's Active-Layer Temperature and Its Responses to Climate Change: A Case Study of Baishui Glacier No. 1, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第4期25卷 727-734页

作者： Shijin Wang Jiankuo Du Yuanqing He State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences

Based on the historical documents and measured data from the active-layer temperature （ALT） at A, B and C locations （4 670, 4 720 and 4 770 m a.s.l.） on Baishui Glacier No. 1, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, this paper analyzed spatial-temporal characteristics of ALT and its relationship with air temperature, and revealed the response of the active layer ice temperature towards climate change in the monitoring period. The results showed that the influence of air temperature on the active-layer ice temperature had a hysteresis characteristic on the upper of ablation zone and the lag period in- creased gradually with the altitude elevating. The decrease amplitude of ALT in the accumulation pe- riod was far below its increase magnitude in the ablation period. At the same time, the mean glacier ice temperatures at 10 m depth （T10） in A, B and C profile were obviously higher than most of glaciers previously studied. Measured data also showed that the mean ALT increased by 0.24℃ in 0.5-8.5 m depth of the C profile during 28 years from July 11, 1982 to July 10, 2009.

关键词： temperate-glacier active-layer temperature temporal and spatial characteristics climate change.

A Statistical Linkage between Extreme Cold Wave Events in Southern China and Sea Ice Extent in the Barents-Kara Seas from 1289 to 2017

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2023年第12期40卷 2154-2168页

作者： Cunde XIAO Qi ZHANG Jiao YANG Zhiheng DU Minghu DING Tingfeng DOU Binhe LUO state key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China state key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China state key laboratory of cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Arctic sea ice loss and the associated enhanced warming has been related to midlatitude weather and climate changes through modulate meridional temperature gradients linked to circulation. However, contrasting lines of evidence result in low confidence in the influence of Arctic warming on midlatitude climate. This study examines the additional perspectives that palaeoclimate evidence provides on the decadal relationship between autumn sea ice extent (SIE) in the Barents-Kara (B-K) Seas and extreme cold wave events (ECWEs) in southern China. Reconstruction of the winter Cold Index and SIE in the B-K Seas from 1289 to 2017 shows that a significant anti-phase relationship occurred during most periods of decreasing SIE, indicating that cold winters are more likely in low SIE years due to the “bridge” role of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Siberian High. It is confirmed that the recent increase in ECWEs in southern China is closely related to the sea ice decline in the B-K Seas. However, our results show that the linkage is unstable, especially in high SIE periods, and it is probably modulated by atmospheric internal variability.

关键词： extreme cold wave events sea ice Barents-Kara(B-K)Seas Arctic southern China