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New steelmaking process based on clean deoxidation technology

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1249-1262页

作者： Zhongliang Wang Yanping Bao state key laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

After the converter steelmaking process,a considerable number of ferroalloys are needed to remove dissolved oxygen from the molten steel,but it also forms a lot of oxide inclusions that cannot be completely *** the same time,it increases the carbon emis-sions in the steel production *** years of research,our team have developed a series of clean deoxidation technologies,includ-ing carbon deoxidation,hydrogen deoxidation,and waste plastic deoxidation of molten steel to address the aforementioned *** this study,thermodynamic calculations and laboratory experiments were employed to verify that carbon and hydrogen can reduce the total oxygen content in the molten steel melt to below 5×10^(-6) and 10×10^(-6),*** analysis of the deoxidation mechanisms and ef-fects of polyethylene and polypropylene was also *** addition,the applications of carbon deoxidation technology in different steels with the hot-state experiment and industrial production were discussed *** carbon deoxidation experimental results of different steels were as follows:(1)the oxygen content of bearing steel was effectively controlled at 6.3×10^(-6) and the inclusion number density was lowered by 74.73%compared to aluminum deoxidized bearing steel;(2)the oxygen content in gear steel was reduced to 7.7×10^(-6) and a 54.49%reduction of inclusion number density was achieved with almost no inclusions larger than 5μm from the average level of industry gear steels;(3)a total oxygen content of M2 high-speed steel was as low as 3.7×10^(-6).In industrial production practice,car-bon deoxidation technique was applied in the final deoxidation stage for non-aluminum deoxidized bearing steel,and it yielded excellent results that the oxygen content was reduced to below 8×10^(-6) and the oxide inclusions in the steel mainly consist of silicates,along with small amounts of spinel and calcium aluminate.

关键词： clean deoxidation carbon deoxidation hydrogen deoxidation waste plastics deoxidation

Enhanced structural damage behavior of liquid-filled tank by reactive material projectile impact

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 211-229页

作者： Jianwen Xie Yuanfeng Zheng Zhenyang Liu Chengzhe Liu Aoxin Liu Pengwan Chen Haifu Wang state key laboratory of Explosion science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

A series of ballistic experiments were performed to investigate the damage behavior of high velocity reactive material projectiles(RMPs) impacting liquid-filled tanks,and the corresponding hydrodynamic ram(HRAM) was studied in ***/Al/W RMPs with steel-like and aluminum-like densities were prepared by a pressing/sintering *** projectiles impacted a liquid-filled steel tank with front aluminum panel at approximately 1250 m/*** corresponding cavity evolution characteristics and HRAM pressure were recorded by high-speed camera and pressure acquisition system,and further compared to those of steel and aluminum *** different from the conical cavity formed by the inert metal projectile,the cavity formed by the RMP appeared as an ellipsoid with a conical *** RMPs were demonstrated to enhance the radial growth velocity of cavity,the global HRAM pressure amplitude and the front panel damage,indicating the enhanced HRAM and structural damage ***,combining the impact-induced fragmentation and deflagration characteristics,the cavity evolution of RMPs under the combined effect of kinetic energy impact and chemical energy release was *** mechanism of enhanced HRAM pressure induced by the RMPs was further revealed based on the theoretical model of the initial impact wave and the impulse ***,the linear correlation between the deformation-thickness ratio and the non-dimensional impulse for the front panel was obtained and *** was determined that the enhanced near-field impulse induced by the RMPs was the dominant reason for the enhanced structural damage behavior.

关键词： Reactive material projectile Hydrodynamic ram Enhanced structural damage Liquid-filled tank Impact

Development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 18-32页

作者： Zhongliang Wang Yanping Bao state key laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

In the long traditional process of steelmaking,excess oxygen is blown into the converter,and alloying elements are used for *** inevitably results in excessive deoxidation of products remaining within the steel liquid,affecting the cleanliness of the *** the increasing requirements for steel performance,reducing the oxygen content in the steel liquid and ensuring its high cleanliness is *** more than a hundred years of development,the total oxygen content in steel has been reduced from approximately 100×10^(-6)to approximately 10×10^(-6),and it can be controlled below 5×10^(-6)in some steel grades.A relatively stable and mature deoxidation technology has been formed,but further reducing the oxygen content in steel is no longer significant for improving steel *** research team developed a deoxidation technology for bearing steel by optimizing the entire conventional *** technology combines silicon–manganese predeoxidation,ladle furnace diffusion deoxidation,and vacuum final *** successfully conducted industrial experiments and produced interstitial-free steel with natural decarbonization ***-aluminum deoxidation was found to control the oxygen content in bearing steel to between 4×10^(-6) and 8×10^(-6),altering the type of inclusions,eliminating large particle Ds-type inclusions,improving the flowability of the steel liquid,and deriving a higher fatigue *** natural decarbonization predeoxidation of interstitial-free steel reduced aluminum consumption and production costs and significantly improved the quality of cast billets.

关键词： steel deoxidation deoxidizer metallurgical equipment bearing steel IF steel

Building a domain-specific compiler for emerging processors with a reusable approach

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 20-38页

作者： Mingzhen LI Yi LIU Bangduo CHEN Hailong YANG Zhongzhi LUAN Depei QIAN state key laboratory of Software Development Environment School of Computer science and Engineering Beihang University

High-performance computing and deep learning domains have been motivating the design of domain-specific *** these processors can provide promising computation capability,they are notorious for exotic programming *** improve programming productivity and fully exploit the performance potential of these processors,domain-specific compilers(DSCs) have been ***,building DSCs for emerging processors requires tremendous engineering efforts because the commonly used compilation stack is difficult to be *** to the advent of multilevel intermediate representation(MLIR),DSC developers can leverage reusable infrastructure to extend their customized functionalities without rebuilding the entire compilation *** this paper,we further demonstrate the effectiveness of MLIR by extending its reusable infrastructure to embrace a heterogeneous many-core processor(Sunway processor).In particular,we design a new Sunway dialect and corresponding backend for the Sunway processor,fully exploiting its architectural advantage and hiding its programming *** show the ease of building a DSC,we leverage the Sunway dialect and existing MLIR dialects to build a stencil compiler for the Sunway *** experimental results show that our stencil compiler,built with a reusable approach,can even perform better than state-of-the-art stencil compilers.

关键词： domain-specific compiler emerging processor reusable dialect performance optimization MLIR

Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on viscosity and structure of slag for pyrometallurgical processing of spent automotive catalysts

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 608-621页

作者： Zhe Wang Qi-long Wei Cheng-bin Shi Zhan-cheng Guo state key laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on the viscosity and structure of the CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-6MgO-1.5ZrO_(2)-1.5CeO_(2) slag was *** results show that with the increase in Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio,the viscous flow units within the slag gradually change from Si-O-Si to Al-O-Al and ***,the substitution of Al_(2)O_(3) for SiO_(2) leads to the transformation of Si-O bonds towards weaker Al-O bonds,which weaken the bond strength of the aluminosilicate networks,thus leading to a decrease in the viscosity of *** increase in CaO content effectively promotes the depolymerization of the aluminosilicate networks,resulting in a significant decrease in the viscosity of the *** slag with Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) of 0.7-1.5 and CaO of 30 wt.%shows promise as the reference slag system for the Fe-collection smelting of spent automotive catalysts due to its good comprehensive performance.

关键词： Aluminosilicate slag Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2)mass ratio CaO content Viscosity Slag structure

Explosion damage effects of aviation kerosene storage tank under strong ignition

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 27-38页

作者： Shixiang Song Cheng Wang Boyang Qiao Gongtian Gu state key laboratory of Explosion science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

In order to study the blast damage effects of aviation kerosene storage tanks,the out-field explosion experiments of 8 m3fixed-roof tanks were carried *** fragments,shock wave and fireball thermal radiation of the tank in the presence of bottom oil,half oil and full oil,as well as empty tank,were investigated under internal explosion by various TNT charge contents(1.8 kg,3.5 kg and 6.2 kg).The results showed that the tank roof was the only fragment produced,and the damage forms could be divided into three *** increase of TNT charge content and oil volume enlarged the deformation of the tank,while the hole ratio presented a trend of increase first and then *** H_r,maxand V_(max)values positively increased as increasing the TNT charge content and oil volume(from empty to half oil),but decreased in full *** Pmaxvalues had a progressive increase with the increment of TNT charge content,but not the case with the increase in oil *** development of fireball was divided into three stages:tank roof‘towed'flame,jet flow flame tumbling and rising,and jet flow flame *** Dmaxand Hf,maxvalues both increased as increasing TNT charge content and oil *** oscillation phenomenon of fireball temperature was observed in the cooling *** average temperature of fireball surface was positively correlated with TNT charge content,and negatively correlated with oil volumes.

关键词： Aviation kerosene Storage tank Internal explosion Shock wave Fireball

Ballistic performance of additive manufacturing 316l stainless steel projectiles based on topology optimization method

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 1-17页

作者： Hao Xue Tao Wang Xinyu Cui Yifan Wang Guangyan Huang state key laboratory of Explosion science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Material and structure made by additive manufacturing(AM)have received much attention lately due to their flexibility and ability to customize complex *** study first implements multiple objective topology optimization simulations based on a projectile perforation model,and a new topologic projectile is *** two types of 316L stainless steel projectiles(the solid and the topology)are printed in a selective laser melt(SLM)machine to evaluate the penetration performance of the projectiles by the ballistic *** experiment results show that the dimensionless specific kinetic energy value of topologic projectiles is higher than that of solid projectiles,indicating the better penetration ability of the topologic ***,microscopic studies(scanning electron microscope and X-ray micro-CT)are performed on the remaining projectiles to investigate the failure mechanism of the internal structure of the topologic *** explicit dynamics simulation was also performed,and the failure locations of the residual topologic projectiles were in good agreement with the experimental results,which can better guide the design of new projectiles combining AM and topology optimization in the future.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Topology optimization Ballistic performance Projectile design

Assessing the energy release characteristics during the middle detonation reaction stage of aluminized explosives

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 270-277页

作者： Kun Yang Lang Chen Danyang Liu Bin Zhang Jianying Lu Junying Wu state key laboratory of Explosion science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Afterburning behind the detonation front of an aluminized explosive releases energy on the millisecond timescale,which prolong the release of detonation energy and the energy release at different stages also shows significant ***,at present,there are few effective methods for evaluating the energy release characteristics of the middle reaction stage of such explosives,which can have a duration of tens to hundreds of *** present work demonstrates an approach to assessing the midstage of an aluminized explosive detonation based on a water push test employing a high degree of *** this method,the explosive is contained in a steel cylinder having one end closed that is installed at the bottom of a transparent water *** detonation,the gaseous products expand in one direction while forcing water ahead of *** resulting underwater shock wave and the interface between the gas phase products and the water are tracked using an ultra-high-speed framing and streak *** shock wave velocity in water and the expansion work performed by the gaseous detonation products were calculated to assess the energy release characteristics of aluminized explosives such as CL-20 and RDX in the middle stage of the detonation *** the middle stage of the detonation process of these aluminized explosives,the aluminum reaction reduced the attenuation of shock waves and increased the work performed by gas phase products.A higher aluminum content increased the energy output while the presence of oxidants slowed the energy release *** work demonstrates an effective means of evaluating the performance of aluminized explosives.

关键词： Aluminized explosive Non-ideal detonation Water push test Energy release

Research on mass loss and nose shape evolution of kinetic energy projectiles penetrating concrete at high velocity

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第7期40卷 92-108页

作者： Zhiyan Yao Fenglei Huang Jinzhu Li state key laboratory of Explosion science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The high-speed penetration of concrete targets by kinetic energy projectiles results in apparent mass loss,which blunts the nose of the projectile and decrease its penetration *** friction work between the projectile and the concrete target,the plastic deformation of the projectile,and the cutting of aggregates to the projectile significantly affect the mass loss of the *** address these effects,a discrete iterative model is developed for the mass loss and nose shape evolution of the projectile by coupling three mechanisms based on the effect of temperature on *** the model,both friction work and plastic work increase the temperature of the projectile's surface layer,thereby weakening the strength of this part and rendering it easier for mass loss to occur due to aggregate *** model discretizes the projectile and penetration process with respect to the space and time dimensions,*** mass loss and nose shape evolution of the projectile are obtained by iteratively calculating a point-by-point *** predicted depth of penetration(DOP),mass loss,and residual projectile profile are compared with experimental data to validate the *** comparison shows satisfactory agreement between the calculated results and experimental ***,the deceleration,velocity,DOP,and mass loss during penetration are analyzed with respect to ***,based on the model,the effects of projectile strength,caliber-radius-head(CRH),and concrete target strength on penetration are discussed.

关键词： Kinetic energy projectile High-velocity penetration Coupled model Mass loss Nose shape evolution