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Purification of copper foils driven by single crystallization

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Chinese physics B 2024年第2期33卷 506-511页

作者：寇金宗赵孟泽李兴光何梦林杨方友刘科海成庆秋任云龙刘灿付莹吴慕鸿刘开辉王恩哥 Songshan Lake Materials laboratory Dongguan 523808China Beijing National laboratory for Condensed Matter physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials School of PhysicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong–Hong Kong Joint laboratory of Quantum Matter Frontier Research Institute for PhysicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China state key laboratory for Mesoscopic physics Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China key laboratory of Quantum state Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education) Department of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China International Center for Quantum Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum MatterPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of physics Liaoning UniversityShenyang 110036China

High-purity copper(Cu) with excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, is crucial in modern technological applications, including heat exchangers, integrated circuits, and superconducting magnets. The current purification process is mainly based on the zone/electrolytic refining or anion exchange, however, which excessively relies on specific integrated equipment with ultra-high vacuum or chemical solution environment, and is also bothered by external contaminants and energy consumption. Here we report a simple approach to purify the Cu foils from 99.9%(3N) to 99.99%(4N) by a temperature-gradient thermal annealing technique, accompanied by the kinetic evolution of single crystallization of Cu.The success of purification mainly relies on(i) the segregation of elements with low effective distribution coefficient driven by grain-boundary movements and(ii) the high-temperature evaporation of elements with high saturated vapor pressure.The purified Cu foils display higher flexibility(elongation of 70%) and electrical conductivity(104% IACS) than that of the original commercial rolled Cu foils(elongation of 10%, electrical conductivity of ~ 100% IACS). Our results provide an effective strategy to optimize the as-produced metal medium, and therefore will facilitate the potential applications of Cu foils in precision electronic products and high-frequency printed circuit boards.

关键词： purification copper foil thermal annealing technique single crystallization

Modularized viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccines(VPNVaxs) to elicit durable and effective humoral immune responses

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 200-214页

作者： Zichao Huang Xinyu Zhuang Liping Liu Jiayu Zhao Sheng Ma Xinghui Si Zhenyi Zhu Fan Wu Ningyi Jin Mingyao Tian Wantong Song Xuesi Chen key laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering laboratory state key laboratory of Polymer physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Virus-like particle(VLP) vaccines had shown great potential during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was thought to be the next generation of antiviral vaccine technology due to viromimetic structures. However,the time-consuming and complicated processes in establishing a current recombinant-protein–based VLP vaccine has limited its quick launch to the out-bursting pandemic. To simplify and optimize VLP vaccine design, we herein report a kind of viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccine(VPNVax), with subunit receptor-binding domain(RBD) proteins conjugated to the surface of polyethylene glycol-b-polylactic acid(PEG-b-PLA) nanoparticles for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The preparation of VPNVax based on synthetic polymer particle and chemical post-conjugation makes it possible to rapidly replace the antigens and construct matched vaccines at the emergence of different viruses. Using this modular preparation system, we identified that VPNVax with surface protein coverage of 20%–25% had the best immunostimulatory activity, which could keep high levels of specific antibody titers over 5 months and induce virus neutralizing activity when combined with an aluminum adjuvant. Moreover, the polymer nano-vectors could be armed with more immune-adjuvant functions by loading immunostimulant agents or chemical chirality design. This VPNVax platform provides a novel kind of rapidly producing and efficient vaccine against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viral pandemics.

关键词： vaccine polymer nanomaterials SARS-CoV-2

Ohmic-contact ballistic 2D In Se transistors:promising candidates for more Moore electronics

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 311-312页

作者： Hong LI Qiuhui LI Jing LU College of Mechanical and Material Engineering North China University of Technology state key laboratory for Mesoscopic physics and Department of physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing key laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics key laboratory for the physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices Peking University

The scaling of silicon-based metal-oxide-semiconductor fieldeffect transistors(MOSFETs) approaches its physical limits at a gate length(LG) of 12 nm and supply voltage(VDD) of 0.6 V according to the International Road...

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Experimental distillation of tripartite quantum steering with an optimal local filtering operation

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 552-562页

作者： QIAN-XI ZHANG XIAO-XU FANG HE LU School of physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan 250100China Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University Shenzhen 518057China

Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)steering admits multipartite entanglement in the presence of uncharacterized verifiers,enabling practical applications in semi-device-independent protocols.Such applications generally require stronger steerability,while the unavoidable noise weakens steerability and consequently degrades the performance of quantum information processing.Here,we propose the local filtering operation that can maximally distill genuine tripartite EPR steering from N copies of three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states,in the context of two semi-device-independent scenarios.The optimal filtering operation is determined by the maximization of assemblage fidelity.Analytical and numerical results indicate the advantage of the proposed filtering operation when N is finite and the steerability of initial assemblages is weak.Experimentally,a proof-of-principle demonstration of two-copy distillation is realized with the optical system.The advantage of the optimal local filtering operation is confirmed by the distilled assemblage in terms of higher assemblage fidelity with perfectly genuine tripartite steerable assemblages,as well as the greater violation of the inequality to witness genuine tripartite steerable assemblages.Our results benefit the distillation of multipartite EPR steering in practice,where the number of copies of initial assemblages is generally finite.

关键词： filtering distillation optimal

Bright/dark switchable mode-locked fiber laser based on alcohol

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第3期22卷 71-75页

作者：张文艳江慧洁杨坤刘楠楠耿利杰郝蕴琦贤天浩詹黎 Henan key laboratory of Magnetoelectronic Information Functional Materials School of Physics and Electronic EngineeringZhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou 450002China state key laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

A passively switchable erbium-doped fiber laser based on alcohol as the saturable absorber(SA)has been demonstrated.The SA is prepared by filling the gap between two optical patch cords with alcohol to form a sandwich structure.The modulation depth of the alcohol-SA is measured to be 6.4%.By appropriately adjusting the pump power and the polarization state in the cavity,three kinds of mode-locked pulse patterns can be achieved and switched,including bright pulse,bright/dark soliton pair,and dark pulse.These different soliton emissions all operate at the fundamental frequency state,with a repetition rate of 20.05 MHz and a central wavelength of~1563 nm.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first demonstration of a switchable soliton fiber laser using alcohol as the SA.The experimental results further indicate that organic liquid-like alcohol has great potential for constructing ultrafast lasers.

关键词： optical solitons fiber lasers alcohol pulsed lasers

Spin‑controlled topological phase transition in non‑Euclidean space

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第1期17卷 67-76页

作者： Zhuochen Du Jinze Gao Qiuchen Yan Cuicui Lu Xiaoyong Hu Qihuang Gong state key laboratory for Mesoscopic physics and Department of physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano‑OptoelectronicsBeijing Academy of Quantum Information SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China key laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic SystemsSchool of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Nantong 226010China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Hefei National laboratory Hefei 230088China

Modulation of topological phase transition has been pursued by researchers in both condensed matter and optics research fields,and has been realized in Euclidean systems,such as topological photonic crystals,topological metamaterials,and coupled resonator arrays.However,the spin-controlled topological phase transition in non-Euclidean space has not yet been explored.Here,we propose a non-Euclidean configuration based on Mobius rings,and we demonstrate the spin-controlled transition between the topological edge state and the bulk state.The Mobius ring,which is designed to have an 8πperiod,has a square cross section at the twist beginning and the length/width evolves adiabatically along the loop,accompanied by conversion from transverse electric to transverse magnetic modes resulting from the spin-locked effect.The 8πperiod Mobius rings are used to construct Su–Schrieffer–Heeger configuration,and the configuration can support the topological edge states excited by circularly polarized light,and meanwhile a transition from the topological edge state to the bulk state can be realized by controlling circular polarization.In addition,the spin-controlled topological phase transition in non-Euclidean space is feasible for both Hermitian and non-Hermitian cases in 2D systems.This work provides a new degree of polarization to control topological photonic states based on the spin of Mobius rings and opens a way to tune the topological phase in non-Euclidean space.

关键词： Topological phase transition Non-Euclidean space Möbius ring Spin-locked effect

Coexistence of Dirac and Weyl points in non-centrosymmetric semimetal NbIrTe_(4)

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Chinese physics B 2024年第4期33卷 146-151页

作者：刘清馨付阳丁鹏飞马欢郭朋杰雷和畅王善才 Department of physics Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and ManipulationRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Beijing key laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials&Micro-Nano Devices Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations methods,we investigate the electronic structures and topological properties of ternary tellurides NbIrTe_(4),a candidate for type-II Weyl semimetal.We demonstrate the presence of several Fermi arcs connecting their corresponding Weyl points on both termination surfaces of the topological material.Our analysis reveals the existence of Dirac points,in addition to Weyl points,giving both theoretical and experimental evidences of the coexistence of Dirac and Weyl points in a single material.These findings not only confirm NbIrTe_(4) as a unique topological semimetal but also open avenues for exploring novel electronic devices based on its coexisting Dirac and Weyl fermions.

关键词： Fermi arc Weyl point Dirac point angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

CAS-ESM2.0 Dataset for the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project(CDRMIP)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 989-1000页

作者： Jiangbo JIN Duoying JI Xiao DONG Kece FEI Run GUO Juanxiong HE Yi YU Zhaoyang CHAI He ZHANG Dongling ZHANG Kangjun CHEN Qingcun ZENG International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China state key laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China state key laboratory of Earth surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Understanding the response of the Earth system to varying concentrations of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is critical for projecting possible future climate change and for providing insight into mitigation and adaptation strategies in the near future.In this study,we generate a dataset by conducting an experiment involving carbon dioxide removal(CDR)—a potential way to suppress global warming—using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2.0(CASESM2.0).A preliminary evaluation is provided.The model is integrated from 200–340 years as a 1%yr^(−1) CO_(2) concentration increase experiment,and then to~478 years as a carbon dioxide removal experiment until CO_(2) returns to its original value.Finally,another 80 years is integrated in which CO_(2) is kept constant.Changes in the 2-m temperature,precipitation,sea surface temperature,ocean temperature,Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC),and sea surface height are all analyzed.In the ramp-up period,the global mean 2-m temperature and precipitation both increase while the AMOC weakens.Values of all the above variables change in the opposite direction in the ramp-down period,with a delayed peak relative to the CO_(2) peak.After CO_(2) returns to its original value,the global mean 2-m temperature is still~1 K higher than in the original state,and precipitation is~0.07 mm d^(–1) higher.At the end of the simulation,there is a~0.5°C increase in ocean temperature and a 1 Sv weakening of the AMOC.Our model simulation produces similar results to those of comparable experiments previously reported in the literature.

关键词： CAS-ESM2.0 CDRMIP carbon dioxide removal AMOC temperature precipitation sea surface height

Universal insertion of molecules in ionic compounds under pressure

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 120-128页

作者： Feng Peng Yanming Ma Chris J.Pickard Hanyu Liu Maosheng Miao College of physics and Electronic Information Luoyang Normal University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Northridge state key laboratory of Superhard Materials & key laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education College of Physics Jilin University International Center of Future Science Jilin University Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy University of Cambridge Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Department of Earth Science University of California Santa Barbara

Using first-principles calculations and crystal structure search methods, we found that many covalently bonded molecules such as H2, N2, CO2, NH3, H2O and CH4may react with NaC l, a prototype ionic solid,and form stable compounds under pressure while retaining their molecular structure. These molecules,despite whether they are homonuclear or heteronuclear, polar or non-polar, small or large, do not show strong chemical interactions with surrounding Na and Cl ions. In contrast, the most stable molecule among all examples, N2, is found to transform into cyclo-N5-anions while reacting with NaC l under high pressures. It provides a new route to synthesize pentazolates, which are promising green energy materials with high energy density. Our work demonstrates a unique and universal hybridization propensity of covalently bonded molecules and solid compounds under pressure. This surprising miscibility suggests possible mixing regions between the molecular and rock layers in the interiors of large planets.

关键词： molecule-solid hybrid materials high-pressure crystal structure prediction density functional theory planet interior