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Insights into the role of oxygen-containing functional groups on carbon surface in water–electricity generation

Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6645-6653页

作者： Wan Xue Zongbin Zhao Honghui Bi Bolun Zhang Xuzhen Wang Jieshan Qiu state key laboratory of Fine Chemicals Liaoning Key Laboratory for Energy Materials and Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China state key laboratory of Fine Chemicals Liaoning Key Laboratory for Energy Materials and Chemical EngineeringSchool of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China state key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

A deep understanding of the electricity generation mechanism from the interaction between water molecules and carbon material surfaces is attractive for next-generation water-based energy conversion and storage ***,an asymmetric generator was assembled based on functionalized carbon nanotubes films to investigate the relative contribution from various oxygen functional groups on carbon surface to the water-electrical *** and calculations demonstrate that the electricity mainly originates from the water molecule adsorption by carboxyl groups and dissociation of functional groups on carbon surface,which leads to the formation of electrical double layers at *** device allows the electricity generation with a variety of water sources,such as deionized water,tap water,as well as *** particular,the generator based on carboxyl carbon nanotubes can induce a voltage of over 200 mV spontaneously in natural seawater with the power density of about 0.11 mW·g^(−1).High voltages can be achieved easily through the series-connection strategy to power electronic products such as a liquid crystal *** work reveals the dominant role of carboxyl groups in carbon-based water–electricity conversion and is expected to offer inspiration for the preparation of carbon materials with high electrical performance.

关键词： electricity generation water adsorption dissociation carboxyl groups carbon nanotubes

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Development of a toroidal soft x-ray imaging system and application for investigating three-dimensional plasma on J-TEXT

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第3期26卷 94-99页

作者：赵传旭李建超张晓卿王能超丁永华杨州军江中和严伟李杨波毛飞越任正康 the J-TEXT Team International Joint Research laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and School of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China Hubei key laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205People's Republic of China International Joint Research laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China

A toroidal soft x-ray imaging(T-SXRI)system has been developed to investigate threedimensional(3D)plasma physics on *** T-SXRI system consists of three sets of SXR *** sets are newly developed and located on the vacuum chamber wall at toroidal positionsφof 126.4°and 272.6°,respectively,while one set was established previously atφ=*** set of SXR arrays consists of three arrays viewing the plasma poloidally,and hence can be used separately to obtain SXR images via the tomographic *** sawtooth precursor oscillations are measured by T-SXRI,and the corresponding images of perturbative SXR signals are successfully reconstructed at these three toroidal positions,hence providing measurement of the 3D structure of precursor *** observed 3D structure is consistent with the helical structure of the m/n=1/1 *** experimental observation confirms that the T-SXRI system is able to observe 3D structures in the J-TEXT plasma.

关键词： SXR imaging J-TEXT tokamak three-dimensional measurement MHD

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Error field penetration in J-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the J-TEXT team state key laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

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Conceptual transition from molecular to atomic: unleashing a new era in hydrogen therapy for chronic disease

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 17-18页

作者： Zhigang Zou Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of PhysicsNanjing University

The dysregulated overexpression of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS)intricately links to the occurrence and development of diverse chronic diseases[1–3]. Hydrogen therapy stands out as a promising treatment methodology recognized for effectively mitigating RONS and maintaining intracellular redox equilibrium, thereby yielding therapeutic benefits [4,5].

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Potential for soil carbon sequestration under conservation agriculture in a warming climate

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2030-2033页

作者： Lijun Yu Wen Zhang Jingjing Liu Wenjuan Sun Qing Zhang state key laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Anyang Meteorological Service Anyang 455000China state key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Agricultural soil has numerous links with climate *** comprises a substantial part of farming systems that are affected by climate change and can significantly impact food security[1].An increase in the soil carbon(C)stock is associated with an increase in the crop ***,agricultural soil remains a source for all three major greenhouse gases(GHGs),i.e.,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane and nitrous oxide,which contributes directly to climate *** addition,enhancing soil C sequestration in agricultural land could offset GHG emissions,promote more sustainable and climate-resilient agricultural systems.

关键词： soil warming agricultural

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Uncovering the magnetic response of open-shell graphene nanostructures on metallic surfaces at different doping levels

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 142-148页

作者： Zengfu Ou Jun Wang Jihai Zhang Yukang Ding Shenwei Chen Wenya Zhai Jingcheng Li Dingyong Zhong Donghui Guo School of physics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Magnetoelectric physics and Devices School of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China state key laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

Open-shell graphene nanostructures(GNs)are promising candidates for future spintronics and quantum *** progress based on on-surface synthetic approach has successfully created such GNs on metallic ***,the doping effect of metallic surfaces is inevitably present and can significantly tune their electronic and magnetic ***,we investigate the zigzag end states of open-shell 7-armchair graphene nanoribbons(7-AGNRs)on Au(111),Au(100)and Ag(111)*** with the manipulation of a scanning tunneling microscope,we demonstrate that the end states can be tuned from empty states to singly occupied states and to doubly occupied states by substrate ***,the singly occupied states can be finely tuned,with the occupancy number of the states and related magnetic behaviors uncovered by experiments at different temperatures and magnetic *** results provide a comprehensive study of the magnetic response of open-shell GNs on metallic surfaces at different doping levels.

关键词： open-shell graphene nanostructures magnetic response metallic substrate doping Kondo resonance scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy

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Low-energy spin dynamics in a Kitaev material Na_(3)Ni_(2)BiO_(6) investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance

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Chinese physics B 2024年第6期33卷 518-524页

作者：史昕雨崔祎上官艳艳徐霄宇吴占龙胡泽李硕杜柯帆陈颖马龙刘正鑫温锦生张金珊于伟强 Mathematics and physics Department North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Department of physics and Beijing key laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials&Micro-nano Devices Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China key laboratory of Quantum state Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education) Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China National laboratory of Solid state Microstructures and Department of physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Anhui Province key laboratory of Condensed Matter physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Innovative Center for Advanced Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

We perform ^(23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and magnetization measurements on an S=1,quasi-2D honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet Na_(3)Ni_(2)BiO_(6).A large positive Curie-Weiss constant of 22.9 K is *** NMR spectra at low fields are consistent with a zigzag magnetic order,indicating a large easy-axis *** the field applied along the c*axis,the NMR spectra confirm the existence of a 1/3-magnetization plateau phase between 5.1 T and 7.1 *** transition from the zigzag order to the 1/3-magnetization plateau phase is also found to be a first-order type.A monotonic decrease of the spin gap is revealed in the 1/3-magnetization plateau phase,which reaches zero at a quantum critical field H_(C)≈8.35 T before entering the fully polarized *** data suggest the existence of exchange frustration in the system along with strong ferromagnetic interactions,hosting the possibility for Kitaev ***,well below the ordered phase,the 1/T_(1) at high fields shows either a level off or an enhancement upon cooling below 3 K,which suggests the existence of low-energy fluctuations.

关键词： one–third magnetization plateau phase nuclear magnetic resonance honeycomb-lattice antiferromagnet Kitaev interaction

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Highly responsive broadband Si-based MoS2 phototransistor on high-k dielectric

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 180-189页

作者： Ali IMRAN Xin HE Jiwei LIU Qinghai ZHU Muhammad SULAMAN Fei XUE Mingsheng XU Deren YANG College of Integrated Circuits State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor MaterialsZhejiang University ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor MaterialsZhejiang University Beijing key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of Technology

The demand for photodetectors and image sensors has grown exponentially in the past decade in biomedical, security surveillance, robotics, automotive, quality control, image recognition, and military applications, due to their superior quality, broadband detection, lower noise, and economic viability. Here,we report a MoS2channel-based phototransistor over an HfO2/n-Si substrate isolated by an h BN layer. The high photoresponse is achieved through the integration of the photoconduction, photogating, and mobility enhancement process by utilizing excellent features of MoS2, HfO2/Si, and h BN. The capacitive coupling of the photogenerated carriers by high-k dielectric HfO2leads to modulation of MoS2Fermi level due to electrostatic doping. Furthermore, the MoS2also contributes to the photogeneration of carriers due to its semiconducting nature, leading to additional photocurrent. Ultimately, the combination of photogating,photoconduction, and swift carrier extraction with remarkable mobility of 11.65 cm2· V-1· s-1results in high responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and detectivity of 4.5 × 10～8A · W-1, 0.72 × 10～6, and 6.20× 1016Jones at 266 nm illumination, respectively. The device also demonstrates broadband photoresponse from 266–1000 nm wavelengths. The high responsivity distinguishes the potential of our device for the future of optoelectronics and broadband image sensing applications.

关键词： photogating photoconduction two-dimensional materials high $~k$ dielectric carrier scattering phototransistor

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The dry-hot feedback between soil moisture and atmosphere and the accelerated global warming

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 890-891页

作者： Tianjun ZHOU state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been increasing due to human activities since the Industrial Revolution, resulting in continuous warming of the global climate system and significant drought over a large parts of global land, both have shown a non-linear growth trend in recent decades(Berg et al., 2017;Zhou et al., 2019;IPCC, 2021).

关键词： warming moisture drought

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Spatial continuous modeling of early Cenozoic carbon cycle and climate

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 30-32页

作者： Yonggang Liu Jian Zhang Haoyue Zuo Zhilin He Jiaqi Guo Qifan Lin Haonan Yu Jiawenjing Lan Jing Han Zhihong Song Zihan Yin Liang Zhao Yongyun Hu Zhengtang Guo laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University key laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences state key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The partial pressure of atmospheric CO2（pCO2） is determined by the carbon cycle that involves climate, biogeochemistry, and plate tectonics. In this cycle,atmospheric CO2is converted into organic carbon and carbonates by biological activities and silicate weathering, and buried as sediments. The sediments on the ocean floor are subducted into the Earth’s interior, and subsequently converted back into CO2and outgassed into the atmosphere.

关键词： ATMOSPHERIC CO2

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