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Advances in the kinetics of heat and mass transfer in near-continuous complex flows

Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 187-234页

作者：许爱国张德佳甘延标 National key laboratory of Computational physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsP.O.Box 8009-26Beijing 100088China state key laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technologyand College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China state key laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 100083China National key laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation physics Mianyang 621999China Hebei key laboratory of Trans-Media Aerial Underwater Vehicle School of Liberal Arts and SciencesNorth China Institute of Aerospace EngineeringLangfang 065000China

The study of macro continuous flow has a long ***,the exploration of heat and mass transfer in small systems with a particle number of several hundred or less has gained significant interest in the fields of statistical physics and nonlinear ***,due to absence of suitable methods,the understanding of mesoscale behavior situated between the aforementioned two scenarios,which challenges the physical function of traditional continuous fluid theory and exceeds the simulation capability of microscopic molecular dynamics method,remains considerably *** greatly restricts the evaluation of effects of mesoscale behavior and impedes the development of corresponding regulation *** access the mesoscale behaviors,there are two ways:from large to small and from small to *** the necessity to interface with the prevailing macroscopic continuous modeling currently used in the mechanical engineering community,our study of mesoscale behavior begins from the side closer to the macroscopic continuum,that is from large to *** on some fundamental challenges encountered in modeling and analysis of near-continuous flows,we review the research progress of discrete Boltzmann method(DBM).The ideas and schemes of DBM in coarse-grained modeling and complex physical field analysis are *** relationships,particularly the differences,between DBM and traditional fluid modeling as well as other kinetic methods are *** verification and validation of the method,some applied researches including the development of various physical functions associated with discrete and non-equilibrium effects are *** directions of DBM related studies are indicated.

关键词： near-continuous flow non-equilibrium kinetics discrete Boltzmann method complex physical field analysis

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An internal ballistic model of electromagnetic railgun based on PFN coupled with multi-physical field and experimental validation

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 254-261页

作者： Benfeng Gu Haiyuan Li Baoming Li National key laboratory of Transient physics Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

To accelerate the practicality of electromagnetic railguns,it is necessary to use a combination of threedimensional numerical simulation and experiments to study the mechanism of bore *** this paper,a three-dimensional numerical model of the augmented railgun with four parallel unconventional rails is introduced to simulate the internal ballistic process and realize the multi-physics field coupling calculation of the rail gun,and a test experiment of a medium-caliber electromagnetic launcher powered by pulse formation network(PFN)is carried *** test methods such as spectrometer,fiber grating and high-speed camera are used to test several parameters such as muzzle initial velocity,transient magnetic field strength and stress-strain of *** the simulation results and experimental data,the damage condition of the contact surface is analyzed.

关键词： Internal ballistic modeling Electromagnetic rail gun Multi-physics field coupling Experimental validation PFN

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Semiclassical approach to spin dynamics of a ferromagnetic S = 1 chain

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Chinese physics B 2024年第6期33卷 95-100页

作者：李承晨崔祎于伟强俞榕 Department of physics and Beijing key laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China key laboratory of Quantum state Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education) Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

Motivated by recent experimental progress on the quasi-one-dimensional quantum magnet Ni Nb2O6, we study the spin dynamics of an S = 1 ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with single-ion anisotropy by using a semiclassical molecular dynamics approach. This system undergoes a quantum phase transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state under a transverse magnetic field, and the magnetic response reflecting this transition is well described by our semiclassical *** show that at low temperature the transverse component of the dynamical structure factor depicts clearly the magnon dispersion, and the longitudinal component exhibits two continua associated with single-and two-magnon excitations,respectively. These spin excitation spectra show interesting temperature dependence as effects of magnon interactions. Our findings shed light on the experimental detection of spin excitations in a large class of quasi-one-dimensional magnets.

关键词： one-dimensional ferromagnetism spin dynamics magnon excitation molecular dynamics

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Thermodynamic nature of black holes in coexistence region

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 27-32页

作者： Shao-Wen Wei Yu-Xiao Liu Lanzhou Center for Theoretical physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Provinceand Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of Mo ELanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Theoretical physics&Research Center of Gravitation Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Studying the system state of coexistence regions will peek into to reveal microscopic interactions between different phases of a thermodynamic ***,there is no effective method to study thermodynamic nature of the coexistence black hole regions for the failure of the equation of *** at these coexistence states,in this work,we develop a general approach by introducing two new ratio *** first one is the ratio of the horizon radii of the saturated coexistence small and large black holes,and the second one measures that of the small black hole molecule number to the total molecule *** demonstrate that the first parameter can serve as an order parameter to characterize the first-order phase *** study also shows that the black hole state in the coexistence region is uniquely determined by these two introduced parameters bounded between 0 and *** results are quite significant in the analytical study of phase transition and the microscopic nature of black hole in the coexistence regions.

关键词： transition. state. thermodynamic

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Single thiolate replacement of metal nanoclusters

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 523-528页

作者： Ambreen Ambreen Yue Zhou Wanmiao Gu Qing You Liang Fang Guoqing Bian Nan Yan Nan Xia Zhikun Wu key laboratory of Materials physics Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyInstitute of Solid State PhysicsHefei Institutes of Physical Science(HFIPS)Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230601China Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei230601China

surface thiolates play important roles in evincing the structures and properties of thiolated metal nanoclusters—one type of recently emerging inorganic-organic hybrids,and thus the thiolate substitution,especially single thiolate substitution,is highly desirable for subtly tailoring the structures and properties of metal ***,such a single-thiolate substituting is challenging,and its influence on the metal-metal and metal-sulfur bonds remains mysterious due to the absence of the singlethiolate-substituted ***,we developed a combined method,concurrently synthesized the single-thiolate-substituted nanocluster and its parent nanocluster,and successfully resolved their structures by single crystal X-ray crystallography,which reveals that the single thiolate substitute has an obvious influence on the metal-metal and metal-sulfur bond lengths although it has no effect on the absorption ***,the metal-metal and metal-sulfur bonds show various thermal extensibility and even the negative thermal expansion phenomena of the Au–S bond were observed in the single-thiolate-substituted *** bond length-related stability was also ***,this study highlights a novel synthesis method and offers novel structural insights and an in-depth structure-property correlation of thiolated metal nanoclusters.

关键词： metal nanoclusters single thiolate replacement thermal expansion stability intercluster interaction

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Long-wave infrared emission properties of strain-balanced InAs/InxGa1-xAsySb1-y type-Ⅱ superlattice on different substrates

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3194-3204页

作者： Chao Shi Xuan Fang Hong-Bin Zhao Deng-Kui Wang Xi Chen Dan Fang Dong-Bo Wang Xiao-Hua Wang Jin-Hua Li state key laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers School of PhysicsChangchun University of Science and Technology state key laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Department of Opto-Electronic Information Science School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology

High-performance type-Ⅱ superlattices of Ⅲ-Ⅴsemiconductor materials play an important role in the development and application of infrared optoelectronic *** the quality of epitaxial materials and clarifying the luminescent mechanism are of great significance for practic al applic *** this work,strain-balanced and high-quality In As/InxGa1-xAsySb1-ysuperlattices without lattice mismatch were achieved on InAs and GaSb substrates *** grown on In As substrate could exhibit higher crystal quality and surface flatness based on high-resolution X-ray diffraction（HRXRD） and atomic force microscopy（AFM） measurements' ***,the strain distribution phenomenon from geometric phase analysis indicates that fluctuations of alloy compositions in superlattices on GaSb substrate are more *** addition,the optical properties of superlattices grown on different substrates are discussed *** of the difference in fluctuations of element composition and interface roughness of superlattices on different substrates,the superlattices grown on In As substrate would have higher integral intensity and narrower full-width at half maximum of long-wave infrared ***,the thermal quenching of emission intensity indicates that the superlattices grown on the In As substrate have better recombination ability,which is beneficial for increasing the operating temperature of infrared optoelectronic devices based on this type of superlattices.

关键词： Photoluminescence Alloy compositions fluctuations InAs(Sb)/In x Ga 1− x As y Sb 1− y Type-II superlattice Substrate

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Unveiling the pressure-driven metal–semiconductor–metal transition in the doped TiS_(2)

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Chinese physics B 2024年第6期33卷 63-67页

作者：陈佳骏吕心邓李思敏但雅倩黄艳萍崔田 Institute of High Pressure physics School of Physical Science and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China state key laboratory of Superhard Materials College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

Conventional theories expect that materials under pressure exhibit expanded valence and conduction bands,leading to increased electrical ***,we report the electrical properties of the doped 1T-TiS_(2) under high pressure by electrical resistance investigations,synchrotron x-ray diffraction,Raman scattering and theoretical *** to 70 GPa,an unusual metal-semiconductor-metal transition *** first-principles calculations suggest that the observed anti-Wilson transition from metal to semiconductor at 17 GPa is due to the electron localization induced by the intercalated Ti *** electron localization is attributed to the strengthened coupling between the doped Ti atoms and S atoms,and the Anderson localization arising from the disordered *** pressures exceeding 30.5 GPa,the doped TiS_(2) undergoes a re-metallization transition initiated by a crystal structure phase *** assign the most probable space group as P2_(1)2_(1)2_(1).Our findings suggest that materials probably will eventually undergo the Wilson transition when subjected to sufficient pressure.

关键词： high pressure transition metal dichalcogenides doped TiS_(2) electronic phase transition

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Synthesis and applications of carbon nanospheres:A review

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 325-338页

作者： Yaqi Yao Jinming Xu Yanqiang Huang Tao Zhang state key laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The synthesis of carbon nanospheres(CNS)has developed rapidly in recent years,and they are widely used owing to the tunability of their porous structures and surface properties and the unique hydrodynamic advantages conferred by their spherical *** review summarizes the methods used to synthesize CNS and their applications in various *** review first describes the four main methods of CNS synthesis,*** template,spray-drying,hydrothermal carbonization,Stöber and chemical vapor depo-sition ***,applications in the fields of energy storage,adsorption,biological medicine,and catalysis are ***,some insights on the development and design of CNS are presented.

关键词： Carbon nanosphere Synthesis Application

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Frequency and size change of ice–snow avalanches in the central Himalaya:A case from the Annapurna II glacier

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 464-475页

作者： Yao LI Yi-Fei CUI Jian-Sheng HAO Zheng-Tao ZHANG Hao WANG Jian GUO Shuo-Fan WANG state key laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China key laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100084China key laboratory of Land surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of National Safety and Emergency Management Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China key laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Glaciers have retreated and shrunk in High Mountain Asia since the mid-20th century because of global warming,leading to glacier instability and hazardous iceesnow ***,the complex relationship between iceesnow avalanches and factors such as climate and potential triggers are difficult to understand because of the lack of observational ***,we addressed iceesnow avalanches on the Annapurna II glacier in Nepal,Central *** constructed an iceesnow avalanche history using long-term multi-source remote sensing images(1988-2021)and mapped the velocity fields of glaciers using cross-correlation analysis on SAR and optical ***,we investigated the impact of climate change and earthquakes on the frequency and size of iceesnow *** results demonstrate that the frequency of iceesnow avalanches has increased from 10 in 1988 to 27 in 2020,but the average area of iceesnow avalanche deposits has decreased by approximately 70%,from 3.4×10^(5) m^(2) in 1988 to 1.2×10^(5) m^(2) in *** evolutionary characteristic of ice avalanches is linked to the impact of glacier retreat(reduction in ice material supply)and increased activity under climate *** glacier movement velocity controls the size of iceesnow avalanches and can be set as an indicator for iceesnow avalanche *** the Annapurna Ⅱ glacier,an iceesnow avalanche occurred when the glacier velocities were greater than 1.5 m d^(-1).These results offer insights into iceesnow avalanche risk assessment and prediction in high-mountain areas,particularly in regions characterised by dense glacier distribution.

关键词： Iceesnow avalanche Glacier instability Climate change Central Himalaya Remote sensing

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Heralded entanglement between error-protected logical qubits for fault-tolerant distributed quantum computing

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 25-33页

作者： Jialun Li Zhihao Xie Yachen Li Yansen Liang Zhenhua Li Tao Li MIIT key laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing School of PhysicsNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China National laboratory of Solid state Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Quantum error correction is essential for achieving reliable quantum information processing tasks,as it can mitigate the detrimental effects of noise by encoding single-qubit information into a larger quantum ***,the generation of distributed entanglement between logical qubits located within two spatially separated nodes presents a significant resource-intensive challenge that has yet to be *** we present a heralded protocol for generating distributed entanglement between two nonlocal error-protected logical qubits.A high-dimensional single photon can evolve physical qubits into a logical qubit that entangles with the photon and then converts logical qubit-photon entanglement into entanglement between two logical qubits,when the photon state is properly tuned and an effective photon-spin interface between single photons and individual spins is ***,the success of the entanglement generation is heralded by the detection of the photon,and the corresponding efficiency can,in principle,approach *** distinguished features make our protocol highly appealing for future large-scale quantum technologies.

关键词： quantum networks distributed entanglement error-protected logical qubits high-dimensional photons

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