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Leaf Potential Productivity at Different Canopy Levels in Densely-planted and Intermediately-thinned apple Orchards

Horticultural Plant Journal 2016年第4期2卷 181-187页

作者： SUN Ying ZHANG Yin JIANG Yuanmao SONG Kai GAO Juhong ZHANG Dingyou ZHANG Jixiang state key laboratory of crop Biology National Research Center of Apple Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Horticultural Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural University College of Science and Information Qingdao Agricultural University Liaocheng Meteorological Administration

Most apple orchards in the apple production districts in China were densely planted with vigorous rootstocks during the 1980 s. These orchards have suffered micro-environmental deterioration and loss of fruit quality because of the closed canopy. Modification of the denselyplanted orchards is a priority in current apple production. Intermediate thinning is a basic technique used to transform densely-planted apple orchards in China. Our goal was to provide theoretical basis for studying the effect of thinning on the efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),fruit quality, and yield. We measured leaf area, solar radiation, and leaf air exchange at different tree canopy levels and by fitting relevant photosynthetic models, vertical distribution characteristics of leaf photosynthetic potentials and PAR were analyzed in various levels within canopies in densely-planted and intermediately-thinned orchards. Intermediate thinning significantly improved the radiant environment inside the canopies. PAR distribution within the canopies in the intermediately-thinned orchard was better distributed than in the densely-planted orchards. The invalid space under 30.0% of relative photosynthetically active radiation(PAR_r) was nearly zero in the intermediately-thinned orchard; but minimum PARr was 17.0% and the space under 0.30 of the relative height of the canopy was invalid for photosynthesis in the densely-planted orchard. The leaf photosynthetic efficiency in the intermediately-thinned orchard was improved. Photosynthetic rates(P_n) at the middle and bottom levels of the canopy, respectively, were increased by 7.80% and 10.20% in the intermediately-thinned orchard. Leaf development, which influences photosynthetic potential, was closely related to the surrounding micro-environment, especially light. Leaf photosynthetic potentials were correlated with leaf nitrogen content(N_1) and specific leaf weight(M_1) at various levels of canopies. Compared with the densely-plan

关键词： photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) maximum carboxylation rate(CEmax) leaf nitrogen content(N1) maximum electron transfer rate(Jmax) specific leaf weight(M1)

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Tung Tree(Vernicia fordii) Genome Provides A Resource for Understanding Genome Evolution and Improved Oil production

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第6期17卷 558-575页

作者： Lin Zhang Meilan Liu Hongxu Long Wei Dong Asher Pasha Eddi Esteban Wenying Li Xiaoming Yang Ze Li Aixia Song Duo Ran Guang Zhao Yanling Zeng Hao Chen Ming Zou Jingjing Li Fan Liang Meili Xie Jiang Hu Depeng Wang Heping Cao Nicholas J.Provart Liangsheng Zhang Xiaofeng Tan key laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees Ministry of EducationCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China key Lab of Non-wood Forest Products of state Forestry Administration College of ForestryCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3B2Canada state key laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan crops Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Nextomics Biosciences Co. Wuhan 430073China Oil crop Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430062China US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceSouthern Regional Research CenterNew OrleansLA 70124USA

Tung tree(Vernicia fordii) is an economically important woody oil plant that produces tung oil rich in eleostearic acid. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of tung tree. The genome sequence was assembled by combining Illumina short reads, Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time long reads, and Hi-C sequencing data. The size of tung tree genome is 1.12 Gb, with 28,422 predicted genes and over 73% repeat sequences. The V. fordii underwent an ancient genome triplication event shared by core eudicots but no further wholegenome duplication in the subsequent ca. 34.55 million years of evolutionary history of the tung tree lineage. Insertion time analysis revealed that repeat-driven genome expansion might have arisen as a result of long-standing long terminal repeat retrotransposon bursts and lack of efficient DNA deletion mechanisms. The genome harbors 88 resistance genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites;17 of these genes may be involved in early-infection stage of Fusarium wilt resistance. Further, 651 oil-related genes were identified, 88 of which are predicted to be directly involved in tung oil biosynthesis. Relatively few phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes, and synergistic effects between transcription factors and oil biosynthesis-related genes might contribute to the high oil content of tung seed. The tung tree genome constitutes a valuable resource for understanding genome evolution, as well as for molecular breeding and genetic improvements for oil production.

关键词： Tung tree genome Tung oil Genome evolution Electronic fluorescent pictographic browser Oil biosynthesis

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Molecular regulation of broad-spectrum resistance against rice blast disease

Molecular regulation of broad-spectrum resistance against ri...

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中国植物病理学会2019年学术年会

作者： Chen Xuewei state key laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of crop Genetic Resource in Southwest China （In preparation） State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceRice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang

Blastis the most devastating disease of *** laboratory has focused on characterization and creation of rice resources with broad-spectrum resistance,uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms,and breeding disease resistant rice *** large-scale screening,we have identified 13 rice resources with broad-spectrum resistance,of which five are from natural resources and eight are from ethyl methanesulfonate-induced *** these resources,we have discovered several truly novel mechanisms underlying plant broad-spectrum,durable disease *** interestingly,we have uncovered a novel phospho-switch mechanism which allows rice to promote two important but competing biological processes,namely yield and blast *** using these resistant rice resources and resistance alleles,we have generated nineteen elite hybrid rice varieties with broad-spectrum resistance through co-operation with *** rice varieties have been widely utilized for production in China.

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Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors Shape RNA Viruses resistance in Plants

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2020年第2期6卷 81-88页

作者： Jannat Shopan Xiaolong Lv Zhongyuan Hu Mingfang Zhang Jinghua Yang laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Institute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhou 310058China

Viruses are representative of a global threat to agricultural production. Genetic resistance is the preferred strategy for the control of viral infection and against loss of crop yield. Viral protein synthesis requires host cellular factors for translating their viral RNAs, and for regulating their replication and cell to cell systemic movement. Therefore, the viruses are dependent on cellular translation factors. Mutations in the gene encoding eIF4E and eIF4G or their isoforms, eIFiso4 E, eIFiso4 G and eIF2Bβ have been mapped as a source of plant potyvirus while other genus of plant virus recessive resistance genes in many species are originated from these loci. Some of other plant translation factors, such as eIF3,eIF4 A-like helicases, eEF1A and eEF1B, which are required in interacting with viral RNAs and regulating various aspects of the infection cycle,have also been identified. Here, we summarized the mechanisms utilized by RNA viruses of eukaryotic plants and the essential roles of e IFs in virus infection. Moreover, we discussed the potential of e IFs as a target gene in the development of genetic resistance to viruses for crop improvement. This review highlighted newly revealed examples of abnormal translational strategies and provided insights into natural host resistance mechanisms that have been linked to 3 cap-independent translational enhancer activity.

关键词： eukaryotic translation initiation factor genome editing 3 cap-independent translational enhancer virus resistance

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Malus sieversii: the origin, flavonoid synthesis mechanism, and breeding of red-skinned and red-fleshed apples

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 170-181页

作者： Nan Wang Shenghui Jiang Zongying Zhang Hongcheng Fang Haifeng Xu Yicheng Wang Xuesen Chen state key laboratory of crop Biology Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an271018ShandongChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit&Vegetable Quality and Efficient production Tai’an271000ShandongChina

Flavonoids play essential roles in human ***(Malus domestica Borkh.),one of the most widely produced and economically important fruit crops in temperate regions,is a significant source of flavonoids in the human diet and is among the top nutritionally rated and most widely consumed fruits *** studies have shown that the consumption of apples,which are rich in a variety of free and easily absorbable flavonoids,is associated with a decreased risk of various ***,apple production is challenged by serious inbreeding *** narrowing of the hereditary base has resulted in apples with poor nutritional quality and low flavonoid ***,there have been advances in our understanding of the roles that Malus sieversii(Ledeb.)*** has played in the process of apple domestication and *** this study,we review the origin of cultivated apples and red-fleshed apples,and discuss the genetic diversity and construction of the core collections of *** also discuss current research progress and breeding programs on red-skinned and red-fleshed apples and summarize the exploitation and utilization of *** in the breeding of high-flavonoid,and red-fleshed *** study highlights a valuable pattern of horticultural crop breeding using wild germplasm *** future challenges and directions of research on the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid accumulation and high-flavonoid apple breeding are discussed.

关键词： sieve synthesis directions

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Genetic Diversity of Soybean and the Establishment of a Core Collection Focused on resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第6期48卷 722-731页

作者： Yan-Song Ma Wen-Hui Wang Li-Xia Wang Feng-Ming Ma Pei-Wu Wang Ru-Zhen Chang Li-Juan Qiu Institute of crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 China Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 China Northeast of Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China

Soybean cyst nematode （SCN; Heterodera glycines） Is one of the most Important pests affecting soybean production. The best method of control of SCN is through the development of resistant cultlvars. However, limited progress has been made in soybean breeding In China because most modern cultlvars have no resistance to SCN. The distribution and phenotype of 432 immune or highly resistant Chinese accessions were surveyed and a primary core collection was selected as a representative sample for further analyses. Using evenly distributed simple sequence repeat markers, five selection methods were applied to the primary core collection and the optimal method was chosen to establish a core collection, which consisted of 28 accessions. These encompassed 70.8% of the ailelic variation present in the overall resistant collection. The 28 accessions differed from the reference resistant accessions at the genomlc level, Indicating that Chinese resistant accessions are distinct from known resistant accessions. This applied core collection provides a rational framework for undertaking diversity surveys, using genetic variation for the investigation of complex traits and for the discovery of novel traits.

关键词： applied core collection resistance simple sequence repeat marker soybean soybean cyst nematode

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Large-scale evaluation of pea(Pisum sativum L.)germplasm for cold tolerance in the field during winter in Qingdao

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The crop Journal 2016年第5期4卷 377-383页

作者： Xiaoyan Zhang Shuwei Wan Junjie Hao Jinguo Hu Tao Yang Xuxiao Zong Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences Qingdao 266100China National key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina USDA Agricultural Research ServiceWestern Regional Plant Introduction StationWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

As a cool-season crop, pea(Pisum sativum L.) can tolerate frost at the vegetative stage but experiences yield loss when freezing stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Cold-tolerance improvement of pea varieties is important for stable yield and expansion of the winter pea planting area. Under natural low-temperature conditions during winter in Qingdao,Shandong, China, we evaluated the cold tolerance of 3672 pea germplasm accessions in the field and categorized them as displaying high resistance(214), moderate resistance(835), or susceptibility(2623). The highly and moderately resistant genotypes were validated in the following year. We found that genotypes from the winter production region showed higher cold tolerance than genotypes from the spring production region. The accessions identified as having high levels of cold tolerance are recommended as potential genetic resources in cold-tolerance breeding of pea.

关键词： Pisum sativum L. Cold tolerance Germplasm evaluation Open-field experiment

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Dual roles of a pathogen protein in powdery mildew pathogenesis and RPW8.2 expression

Dual roles of a pathogen protein in powdery mildew pathogene...

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中国植物病理学会2021年学术年会

作者： ZHAO Jinghao HUANG Yanyan FAN Jing LI Yan PU Mei ZHOU Shixin ZHANG Jiwei ZHAO Zhixue JI Yunpeng HU Xiaohong WU Xianjun XIAO Shunyuan WANG Wenming Rice Research Institute & key laboratory for Major crop Diseases Sichuan Agricultural University state key laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of crop Gene Resources in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research University of Maryland

Powdery mildew（PM） fungi have to overcome plant defense responses to complete their life *** PM haustorium is a fungal structure that resides inside plant *** to powdery mildew 8.2（RPW8.2） is the first protein described to localize to the extra-haustorial membrane encasing the haustorium,conferring broad-spectrum disease ***,little is known on the interaction mechanism between RPW8.2 and ***,we describe the functions of RPW8.2-interacting protein 1 of Golovinomyces cichoracearum（GcR8 IP 1） in powdery mildew pathogenesis and RPW8.2 *** expression of the GcR8 IP1 in Arabidopsis resulted in suppression of immune responses,including callose deposition,production of reactive oxygen species and cell death,promoting leaf colonization of *** contrast,down-regulation of GcR8 IP1 by host induced gene silence（HIGS） in pad4-1 sid2-1 plants compromised the infection of PM leading to less fungal ***,we found that the RING finger domain of GcR8 IP1 associates with *** expression assays showed that GcR8 IP1 promotes RPW8.2 protein accumulation and affects RPW8.2 protein nucleocytoplasmic *** results suggest that activated RPW8.2-mediated immunity is GcR8 *** nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of RPW8.2 seems to be a prerequisite for PM resistance.

关键词： Arabidopsis Powdery mildew RPW8.2 nucleocytoplasmic partitioning broadspectrum resistance

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Auxin regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis through the Aux/IAA–ARF signaling pathway in apple

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 43-53页

作者： Yi-cheng Wang Nan Wang Hai-feng Xu Sheng-hui Jiang Hong-cheng Fang Meng-yu Su Zong-ying Zhang Tian-liang Zhang Xue-sen Chen state key laboratory of crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai-AnShandongChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit&Vegetable Quality and Efficient production in Shandong Tai-AnShandongChina

Auxin signaling,which is crucial for normal plant growth and development,mainly depends on ARF–Aux/IAA ***,little is known regarding the regulatory effects of auxin signaling on anthocyanin metabolism in apple(Malus domestica).We investigated the functions of MdARF13,which contains a repression domain and is localized to the *** protein was observed to interact with the Aux/IAA repressor,MdIAA121,through its C-terminal dimerization *** degradation experiments proved that MdIAA121 is an unstable protein that is degraded by the 26S ***,MdIAA121 stability is affected by the application of exogenous ***,the overexpression of MdIAA121 and MdARF13 in transgenic red-fleshed apple calli weakened the inhibitory effect of MdARF13 on anthocyanin *** results indicate that the degradation of MdIAA121 induced by auxin treatment can release MdARF13,which acts as a negative regulator of the anthocyanin metabolic ***,yeast two-hybrid,bimolecular fluorescence complementation,and pull-down assays confirmed that MdMYB10 interacts with MdARF13.A subsequent electrophoretic mobility shift assay and yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that MdARF13 directly binds to the promoter of MdDFR,which is an anthocyanin pathway structural ***,chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that the overexpression of MdIAA121 clearly inhibits the recruitment of MdARF13 to the MdDFR *** findings further characterized the mechanism underlying the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis via Aux/IAA–ARF signaling.

关键词： Aux/IAA metabolism anthocyanin

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Bph6 encodes an exocyst-localized protein and confers broad resistance to planthoppers in rice

Bph6 encodes an exocyst-localized protein and confers broad ...

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2018全国植物生物学大会

作者： Jianping Guo Chunxue Xu Di Wu Yan Zhao Yongfu Qiu Xiaoxiao Wang Yidan Ouyang Baodong Cai Xin Liu Shengli Jing Xinxin Shangguan Huiying Wang Yinhua Ma Liang Hu Yan Wu Shaojie Shi Wenliang Wang Lili Zhu Xun Xu Rongzhi Chen Yuqi Feng Bo Du Guangcun He state key laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life SciencesWuhan University National key laboratory of crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University key laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Beijing Genomics Institute

The brown planthopper(BPH) and white-backed planthopper(WBPH) are the most destructive insect pests of rice,and theypose serious threats to rice production throughout ***,there are urgent needs to identify resistance-conferring genesand to breed planthopper-resistant rice *** we report the map-based cloning and functional analysis of Bph6,agene that confers resistance to planthoppers in ***6 encodes a previously uncharacterized protein that localizes to exocystsand interacts with the exocyst subunit OsEXO70 ***6 expression increases exocytosis and participates in cell wallmaintenance and reinforcement.A coordinated cytokinin,salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathway is activated inBph6-carrying plants,which display broad resistance to all tested BPH biotypes and to WBPH without sacrificing yield,as theseplants were found to maintain a high level of performance in a field that was heavily infested with *** results suggest thata superior resistance gene that evolved long ago in a region where planthoppers are found year round could be very valuable forcontrolling agricultural insect pests.

关键词： Planthopper rice Bph6 broad spectrum resistance exocyst phytohormones

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