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Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiles of Myrosinase Gene(RsMyr2) in Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第9期13卷 1877-1888页

作者： PAN Yan XU Yuan-yuan ZHU Xian-wen LIU Zhe GONG Yi-qin XU Liang GONG Mao-yong LIU Li-wang National key laboratory of crop genetics and germplasm enhancement/Engineering Research Center of Horticultural crop germplasm enhancement and utilization Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China)Ministry of Agriculture/College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural University Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA

Myrosinase is a defense-related enzyme and is capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates into a variety of compounds, some of which are toxic to pathogens and herbivores. Many studies revealed that a number of important vegetables or oil crops contain the myrosinase-glucosinolate system. However, the related promoter and genomic DNA sequences as well as expression profiles of myrosinase gene remain largely unexplored in radish（Raphanus sativus）. In this study, the 2 798 bp genomic DNA sequence, designated as RsMyr2, was isolated and analyzed in radish. The RsMyr2 consisting of 12 exons and 11 introns reflected the common gene structure of myrosinases. Using the genomic DNA walking approach, the 5′-flanking region upstream of RsMyr2 with length of 1 711 bp was successfully isolated. PLACE and PlantCARE analyses revealed that this upstream region could be the promoter of RsMyr2, which contained several basic cis-regulatory elements including TATA-box, CAAT-box and regulatory motifs responsive to defense and stresses. Furthermore, recombinant pET-RsMyr2 protein separated by SDS-PAGE was identified as myrosinase with mass spectrometry. Real-time PCR analysis showed differential expression profiles of RsMyr2 in leaf, stem and root at different developmental stages（e.g., higher expression in leaf at cotyledon stage and lower in flesh root at mature stage）. Additionally, the RsMyr2 gene exhibited up-regulated expression when treated with abscisic acid（ABA）, methyl jasmonate（MeJA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）, whereas it was down-regulated by wounding（WO） treatment. The findings indicated that the expression of RsMyr2 gene was differentially regulated by these stress treatments. These results could provide new insight into elucidating the molecular characterization and biological function of myrosinase in radish.

关键词： radish RsMyr2 promoter heterologous expression qRT-RCR

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Molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity and detoxification of trace metals and metalloids in plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第2期65卷 570-593页

作者： Zhong Tang Han-Qing Wang Jie Chen Jia-Dong Chang Fang-Jie Zhao state key laboratory of crop genetics and germplasm enhancement College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids(hereinafter referred to as trace metals)from the soil,some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations(e.g.,Cu,Zn,Ni,Co),while others are non-essential and toxic even at relatively low concentrations(e.g.,As,Cd,Cr,Pb,and Hg).Soil contamination of trace metals is an increasing problem worldwide due to intensifying human *** metal contamination can cause toxicity and growth inhibition in plants,as well as accumulation in the edible parts to levels that threatens food safety and human *** the mechanisms of trace metal toxicity and how plants respond to trace metal stress is important for improving plant growth and food safety in contaminated *** accumulation of excess trace metals in plants can cause oxidative stress,genotoxicity,programmed cell death,and disturbance in multiple physiological *** have evolved various strategies to detoxify trace metals through cell-wall binding,complexation,vacuolar sequestration,efflux,and *** signal transduction pathways and regulatory responses are involved in plants challenged with trace metal *** this review,we discuss the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trace metal toxicity,detoxification,and regulation,as well as strategies to enhance plant resistance to trace metal stresses and reduce toxic metal accumulation in food crops.

关键词： detoxification food safety stress response trace metals/metalloids toxic mechanisms

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Wearable Sensor:An Emerging Data Collection Tool for Plant Phenotyping

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 399-417页

作者： Cheng Zhang Jingjing Kong Daosheng Wu Zhiyong Guan Baoqing Ding Fadi Chen College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China state key laboratory of crop genetics&germplasm enhancement and utilization Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East ChinaNational Forestry and Grassland AdministrationCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Zhongshan Biological Breeding laboratory No.50 Zhongling StreetNanjing 210014China

The advancement of plant phenomics by using optical imaging-based phenotyping techniques has markedly improved breeding and crop ***,there remains a challenge in increasing the spatial resolution and accuracy due to their noncontact measurement *** sensors,an emerging data collection tool,present a promising solution to address these *** using a contact measurement mode,wearable sensors enable in-situ monitoring of plant phenotypes and their surrounding *** a few pioneering works have been reported in monitoring plant growth and microclimate,the utilization of wearable sensors in plant phenotyping has yet reach its full *** review aims to systematically examine the progress of wearable sensors in monitoring plant phenotypes and the environment from an interdisciplinary perspective,including materials science,signal communication,manufacturing technology,and plant ***,this review discusses the challenges and future directions of wearable sensors in the field of plant phenotyping.

关键词： Tool Wear enable

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Construction and application of oligo-based FISH karyotype of Haynaldia villosa

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Journal of genetics and Genomics 2018年第8期45卷 463-466页

作者： Haojie Sun Jingjing Song Jia Lei Xinying Song Keli Dai Jin Xiao Chunxia Yuan Shengmin An Haiyan Wang Xiue Wang state key laboratory of crop genetics and germplasm enhancement Cytogenetics Institute Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP

Haynaldia villosa （L.） Schur （syn. Dasypyrurn villosum （L.） Can- dargy）（2n - 14, genome VV）, a wild relative of wheat, is an impor- tant gene pool for improving wheat quality and disease resistance. Several genes found in H. villosa have been transferred into wheat to improve wheat resistance by the development of alien transloca- tion lines. The seed storage protein loci on chromosome 1V contribute to grain quality （Zhang et al., 2014）.

关键词： VP Construction and application of oligo-based FISH karyotype of Haynaldia villosa GAA

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Identification of S-genotypes and a novel S-RNase in 84 native Chinese pear accessions

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第6期8卷 713-726页

作者： Min He Lufei Li Ying Xu Jianxin Mu Zhihua Xie Chao Gu Shaoling Zhang Pear Engineering and Technology Research Center State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

The Chinese pear(Pyrus spp.)exhibits typical gametophytic self-incompatibility(GSI),which inhibits self-crossing and promotes outcrossing,similar to other fruit species in the Rosaceae ***,S-compatible cultivars are required in pear orchards to ensure successful pollination and stable *** this study,84 native Chinese pear accessions were genotyped by allele-specific PCR using one pair allele consensus primers and 29 pairs of S-allele-specific primers that were designed in this *** cloning and sequencing the PCR products,the S-genotypes of all 84 pear accessions,including wild and cultivated accessions,were *** reported 34 S-alleles and a novel S-allele were isolated from these pear *** S-alleles were expressed specifically in the *** analysis identified that six pear cultivars originated in China shared the same S-RNases with ***(Pc).These findings supported the hypothesis that oriental and occidental Pyrus *** share the same pool of alleles at the S-locus.A novel S-RNase was isolated in ‘Putiandouli’,‘Daguoshanli’,‘Yunhongli1,and‘Dianli’and deposited as S67-RNase under accession number ***,the deduced amino acid sequences exhibited high similarity(99.56%)to S32-RNase in *** high similarity between S-RNase in Pyrus and Malus indicated that the existence of S-RNase could have predated speciation between Pyrus and ***,S-allele information was rearranged in Asian and European pears to provide information for selecting the best pollinator for widely cultivated pear cultivars in *** information is useful for pear production,cross-breeding,and understanding the mechanism of the self-incompatibility reaction.

关键词： Pear S-RNase S-genotype Parent assignment

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PbrChiA:a key chitinase of pear in response to Botryosphaeria dothidea infection by interacting with PbrLYK1b2 and down-regulating ROS accumulation

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Horticulture Research 2023年第10期10卷 185-201页

作者： Qiming Chen Huizhen Dong Qionghou Li Xun Sun Xin Qiao Hao Yin Zhihua Xie Kaijie Qi Xiaosan Huang Shaoling Zhang state key laboratory of crop genetics and germplasm enhancement Centre of Pear Engineering Technology ResearchNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Pear ring rot,caused by the pathogenic fungi Botryosphaeria dothidea,seriously affects pear *** the infection-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst of infected plants limits the proliferation of *** during the early infection stage,high ROS levels can also contribute to their growth during the later necrotrophic infection ***,it is important to understand how plants balance ROS levels and resistance to pathogenic *** during the later *** this study,we identified PbrChiA,a glycosyl hydrolases 18(GH18)chitinase-encoding gene with high infection-induced expression,through a comparative transcriptome *** substitution,stable overexpression,and virus induced gene silencing(VIGS)experiments demonstrated that PbrChiA can positively regulate pear resistance as a secreted chitinase to break down *** mycelium in vitro and that overexpression of PbrChiA suppressed infection-induced ROS *** analysis revealed that PbrChiA can bind to the ectodomain of PbrLYK1b2,and this interaction suppressed PbrLYK1b2-mediated chitin-induced ROS ***,we propose that the combination of higher antifungal activity from abundant PbrChiA and lower ROS levels during later necrotrophic infection stage confer resistance of pear against ***.

关键词： infection ChiA resistance

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Toxic metals and metalloids:Uptake,transport,detoxification,phytoremediation,and crop improvement for safer food

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Molecular Plant 2022年第1期15卷 27-44页

作者： Fang-Jie Zhao Zhong Tang Jia-Jun Song Xin-Yuan Huang Peng Wang state key laboratory of crop genetics and germplasm enhancement College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China

Agricultural soils are under threat of toxic metal/metalloid contamination from anthropogenic activities,leading to excessive accumulation of arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),and mercury(Hg)in food crops that poses significant risks to human *** how these toxic metals and their methylated species are taken up,translocated,and detoxified is prerequisite to developing strategies to limit their accumulation for safer *** metals are taken up and transported across different cellular compart-ments and plant tissues via various transporters for essential or beneficial nutrients,*** by phosphate and silicon transporters,and Cd by manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)*** transport processes are subjected to interactions with nutrients and the regulation at the transcriptional and post-translational *** with thiol-rich compounds,such as phytochelatins,and sequestration in the vacuoles are the common mechanisms for detoxification and for limiting their translocation.A num-ber of genes involved in toxic metal uptake,transport,and detoxification have been identified,offering tar-gets for genetic manipulation via gene editing or transgenic *** variations in toxic metal accumulation exist within crop germplasm,and some of the quantitative trait loci underlying these variations have been cloned,paving the way for marker-assisted breeding of low metal accumulation *** plants to extract and remove toxic metals from soil is also possible,but this phytoremediation approach requires metal hyperaccumulation for *** gaps and future research needs are also discussed.

关键词： toxic metals/metalloids heavy metals transporters detoxification phytoremediation food safety

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Nitrogen-iron interaction as an emerging factor influencing crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency

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Molecular Plant 2023年第11期16卷 1727-1729页

作者： Ying Liu Guohua Xu National key laboratory of crop genetics&germplasm enhancement and utilization Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China MOA key laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Ferilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Plants are frequently subjected to a deficiency of single or multiple nutrients,leading to an imbalance of mineral elements impacting plant growth and *** evolution,plants acquired diverse morphological and physiological adaptations to cope with nutrient *** evidence supports the existence of multilevel interactions between mineral nutrients,in which the uptake,transport,and assimilation of a certain nutrient can be modulated by the status of other nutrients,thus allowing plants to coordinate the balance of all essential mineral *** macronutrients,nitrogen(N)is the essential nutrient required in the largest amount to sustain crop productivity(Xu et al.,2012).Because of the massive input of N fertilizers,N availability is no longer a limiting factor in most agricultural systems nowadays,but the excessive application of N fertilizers leads to several environmental problems(Sutton et al.,2011).Therefore,improving N use efficiency of crops becomes an urgent task of plant breeding(Xu et al.,2012;Hu et al.,2023).

关键词： breeding crops interaction

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The Mitochondrial Genome of Raphanus sativus and Gene Evolution of Cruciferous Mitochondrial Types

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Journal of genetics and Genomics 2013年第3期40卷 117-126页

作者： Shengxin Chang Jianmei Chen Yankun Wang Bingchao Gu Jianbo He Pu Chu Rongzhan Guan state key laboratory of crop genetics and germplasm enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Area of Jiangsu Province

To explore the mitochondrial genes of the Cruciferae family, the mitochondrial genome of Raphanus sativus （sat） was sequenced and annotated. The circular mitochondrial genome of sat is 239,723 bp and includes 33 protein-coding genes, three rRNA genes and 17 tRNA genes. The mitochondrial genome also contains a pair of large repeat sequences 5.9 kb in length, which may mediate genome reorga-nization into two sub-genomic circles, with predicted sizes of 124.8 kb and 115.0 kb, respectively. Furthermore, gene evolution of mitochondrial genomes within the Cruciferae family was analyzed using sat mitochondrial type （mitotype）, together with six other re-ported mitotypes. The cruciferous mitochondrial genomes have maintained almost the same set of functional genes. Compared with Cycas taitungensis （a representative gymnosperm）, the mitochondrial genomes of the Cruciferae have lost nine protein-coding genes and seven mitochondrial-like tRNA genes, but acquired six chloroplast-like tRNAs. Among the Cruciferae, to maintain the same set of genes that are necessary for mitochondrial function, the exons of the genes have changed at the lowest rates, as indicated by the numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms. The open reading frames （ORFs） of unknown function in the cruciferous genomes are not conserved. Evolutionary events, such as mutations, genome reorganizations and sequence insertions or deletions （indets）, have resulted in the non- conserved ORFs in the cruciferous mitochondrial genomes, which is becoming significantly different among mitotypes. This work represents the first phylogenic explanation of the evolution of genes of known function in the Cruciferae family. It revealed significant variation in ORFs and the causes of such variation.

关键词： Radish Mitochondrial genome Evolution Cruciferae

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Telomere-to-telomere pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) reference genome reveals segmental and whole genome duplication driving genome evolution

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Horticulture Research 2023年第11期10卷 106-119页

作者： Manyi Sun Chenjie Yao Qun Shu Yingyun He Guosong Chen Guangyan Yang Shaozhuo Xu Yueyuan Liu Zhaolong Xue Jun Wu College of Horticulture State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China Zhongshan Biological Breeding laboratory No.50 Zhongling StreetNanjingJiangsu 210014China Institute of Horticulture Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming 650205China

Previously released pear genomes contain a plethora of gaps and unanchored genetic ***,we report a telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free genome for the red-skinned pear,‘Yunhong No.1’(YH1;Pyrus pyrifolia),which is mainly cultivated in Yunnan Province(southwest China),the pear’s primary region of *** YH1 genome is 501.20 Mb long with a contig N50 length of 29.26 *** 17 chromosomes were assembled to the T2T level with 34 characterized *** 17 centromeres were predicted and mainly consist of centromeric-specific monomers(CEN198)and long terminal repeat(LTR)Gypsy elements(≥74.73%).By filling all unclosed gaps,the integrity of YH1 is markedly improved over previous *** genomes(‘Cuiguan’and‘Nijisseiki’).A total of 1531 segmental duplication(SD)driven duplicated genes were identified and enriched in stress response *** SDs drove the expansion of disease resistance genes,suggesting the potential of SDs in adaptive pear evolution.A large proportion of duplicated gene pairs exhibit dosage effects or sub-/neo-functionalization,whichmay affect agronomic traits like stone cell content,sugar content,and fruit skin ***,as core regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis,we found that MYB10 and MYB114 underwent various gene duplication *** copies of MYB10 and MYB114 displayed obvious dosage effects,indicating role differentiation in the formation of red-skinned pear *** summary,the T2T gap-free pear genome provides invaluable resources for genome evolution and functional genomics.

关键词： dosage evolution driving

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