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Evaluating the biotoxicity of surface water in a grassy lake in North China

Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 316-325页

作者： Xin Meng Wenqiang Zhang Baoqing Shan state key laboratory of environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of the Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China

The biological toxicity of aquatic ecosystems should be considered when assessing the effects of toxicity on the water *** aim of this study was to identify the main pollutants in the Baiyangdian(BYD)and the factors that contribute to biological *** determined various physical and chemical indicators in the surface water of the BYD,including nutrients and heavy metals,and the biological *** also explored the sources of the main pollutants and how the pollutants contributed to toxicity in the lake,using correlation analysis and an index of the biological *** results showed that total nitrogen(TN),ammoniacal nitrogen(NH4^(+)-N),chromium(Cr),and zinc(Zn)were the main pollutants in the BYD surface *** average concentration of Cr was 2.3 times greater than the Class V threshold,and the concentrations at about 65%of the sampling points,mainly those in the southern part of the BYD,exceeded the threshold *** average concentration of Zn was 1.25 times higher than the Class V threshold,with the concentrations of about 35%of the samples greater than the threshold *** integrated toxicity of the surface water to luminescent bacteria ranged from 0.51%to 58%,and averaged 24.07%,which was within the range of moderate *** inhibition rates were high near Diantou(59%)and Duan(51.6%).The pollutant levels in the BYD tend to be related to the population density,with pollution mainly caused by sewage and domestic garbage,with little influence from local *** and TN were strongly correlated,but the biological toxicity was not correlated with any of the individual environmental indicators,which suggests that the toxicity in the surface water of the BYD reflected the combined effects of the environmental factors,rather than a single *** information from this study,about the main pollutants and the relationships between the physical and chemical properties of the surface water in the BYD,can be used to

关键词： Baiyangdian Typical pollutants Biotoxicity Risk assessment

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Evaluating heavy metal contamination of riverine sediment cores in different land-use areas

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第6期14卷 147-157页

作者： Wenzhong Tang Liu Sun Limin Shu Chuang Wang state key laboratory of environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Anthropogenic activities are regarded as the main sources of heavy metal pollution,yet few studies have investigated the effects of land-use setting on heavy metal accumulation in riverine *** on both total contents and geochemical fractions,heavy metal pollution,risk and toxicity were determined in riverine sediment cores from different land-use areas(mountain area-MA,farm area-FA,city area-CA,and industrial area-LA)of the Yang River Basin in North *** results showed that FA had higher contents of riverine sedimentary Cu;CA had higher contents of Cd;*** higher contents of both Cd and *** riverine sediments from FA and IA were contaminated with the investigated metals,although these concentrations were evaluated to have low potential ecological risk and no toxicity to benthic ***,a high proportion of Cd in the B1 fraction of riverine sediments in IA indicating high risk should receive more *** B1 fraction largely determined the contamination,risk and toxicity levels associated with heavy metals in the riverine sediments of the Yang River Basin.

关键词： Heavy metals Riverine sediments Pollution Land-use

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Comparison of different triolein-based composite semipermeable membranes for passive sampling of organochlorine pesticides

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第15期57卷 1788-1795页

作者： TANG JianFeng XU YiPing MA Mei WANG ZiJian state key laboratory of environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center Jor Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Passive sampling methods have been widely used for more than 20 years because they can provide information on time-weighted average concentrations(CTWA) of hydrophobic organic contaminants in *** factors affect the efficiency and applicability of a passive sampling *** others,selection of the sampler design and choice of the supporting membrane material are important factors that determine the performance of passive *** this work,the influences of some critical properties of membranes,such as membrane density,hydrophilicity of the membrane surface,and chemical and mechanical resistances,on the uptake of organic chlorinated pesticides(OCPs) were *** membrane materials,namely cellulose acetate(CA),cellulose acetate butyrate(CAB),a cellulose acetate-cellulose triacetate blend(CA-CTA),and cellulose triacetate(CTA),and their triolein-embedded samplers were selected for the *** four membranes are all hydrophilic;CAB has the highest contact angle and CA has the *** is chemically and mechanically resistant,and has better tensile strength than the other membranes *** does not have good chemical resistance and dissolves in hexane/dichloromethane *** and CTA alone showed lower uptake rates for the selected OCPs than with triolein-embedded passive samplers,indicating that triolein increased the accumulation ***-embedded CA(TECAM),CA-CTA(TECA-CTA),CTA(TECTA),and CAB(TECAB) as passive samplers showed similar uptake patterns;TECTA showed the highest uptake rates and TECAB showed the poorest *** summary,TECTA gave the best performance among all the tested composite semipermeable membranes.

关键词：三油酸甘油酯被动采样器有机氯农药复合材料半透膜疏水性有机污染物三醋酸纤维素酯基

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Interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton reactions catalyzed by iron-based materials： A review

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第1期28卷 97-109页

作者： Jie He Xiaofang Yang Bin Men Dongsheng Wang state key laboratory of environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The heterogeneous Fenton reaction can generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals（·OH）from reactions between recyclable solid catalysts and H2O2 at acidic or even circumneutral ***,it can effectively oxidize refractory organics in water or soils and has become a promising environmentally friendly treatment *** to the complex reaction system,the mechanism behind heterogeneous Fenton reactions remains unresolved but fascinating,and is crucial for understanding Fenton chemistry and the development and application of efficient heterogeneous Fenton ***-based materials usually possess high catalytic activity,low cost,negligible toxicity and easy recovery,and are a superior type of heterogeneous Fenton ***,this article reviews the fundamental but important interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton reactions catalyzed by iron-based materials..OH,hydroperoxyl radicals/superoxide anions（HO2./O2^-.）and high-valent iron are the three main types of reactive oxygen species（ROS）,with different oxidation reactivity and *** on the mechanisms of ROS generation,the interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton systems can be classified as the homogeneous Fenton mechanism induced by surface-leached iron,the heterogeneous catalysis mechanism,and the heterogeneous reaction-induced homogeneous *** heterogeneous Fenton systems catalyzed by characteristic iron-based materials are comprehensively ***,related future research directions are also suggested.

关键词： Heterogeneous Fenton reactions ROS interfacial mechanisms iron-based materials

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Membrane fouling reduction through electrochemically regulating flocs aggregation in an electro-coagulation membrane reactor

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 144-151页

作者： Kai Zhao Jingqiu Sun Chengzhi Hu Jiuhui Qu state key laboratory of environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Coupling coagulation and applied electric field is an efficient method to regulate cake layer porosity and hydrophilicity for alleviating ultrafiltration membrane(UF) fouling. However,the Al/Fe flocs aggregation behavior are induced from electric field and determine the cake layer structure, which has not been studied comparatively yet. Herein, the anti-fouling performance in an efficient electro-coagulation membrane reactor(ECMR, in which UF membrane modules are placed between electrodes) was investigated with Al/Fe anode and various electrochemical parameters from the viewpoint of regulating flocs *** the cake layers formed from Al and Fe flocs under an electric field were more porous and hydrophilic in comparison with that formed without electric fields, resulting in an enhanced water flux under higher electric field strength. Comparing with Fe flocs, Al flocs had a faster growth rate and larger size, facilitating membrane pore block resistant, which was more pronounced in a higher current density. Furthermore, the cake layer formed from Al flocs was more porous than that formed from Fe flocs. Therefore, the anti-fouling performance of ECMR with Al anode was superior to that of ECMR with Fe anode. When the electric field strength increased from 0 to 10 V/cm, the normalized specific flux was improved from 71.2% to 89.4% for ECMR(Al) and from 48.1% to 70.1% for ECMR(Fe) at 30 min.

关键词： Electrocoagulation Ultrafiltration Membrane fouling Electric field Cake layer

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Development and preliminary application of a method to assess river ecological status in the Hai River Basin,north China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第1期28卷 144-154页

作者： Baoqing Shan Yuekui Ding Yu Zhao state key laboratory on environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 200049 China

The river ecosystem in the Hai River Basin（HRB）, an important economic region in China, is seriously degraded. With the aim of river restoration in the HRB, we developed a method to assess the river＇s ecological status and conducted a preliminary application of the *** established method was a predictive model, which used macroinvertebrates as indicator organisms. The river＇s ecological status was determined by calculating the ratio of observed to expected values（O/E）. The method included ecoregionalization according to natural factors, and the selection of reference sites based on combinations of habitat quality and macroinvertebrate community. Macroinvertebrate taxa included Insecta,Crustacea, Gastropoda, and Oligochaeta, with 39 families and 95 genera identified in the HRB. The HRB communities were dominated by pollution tolerant taxa, such as Lymnaeidae, Chironomus, Limnodrilus, Glyptotendipes, and Tubifex. The average Shannon–Wiener index was 1.40 ± 0.5, indicating a low biodiversity. In the river length of 3.31 × 10^4 km, 55% of the sites were designated poor, with a bad ecological status. Among nine secondary river systems, Luan and Zi-ya had the best and worst river conditions,respectively. Only 17 reference site groups were selected for river management in the 41 ecoregions examined. This study lays the foundation for river restoration and related research in the HRB, and we anticipate further developments of this novel method.

关键词： Assessment River ecological status Hai River Basin

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Anaerobic treatment of source-separated domestic bio-wastes with an improved upflow solid reactor at a short HRT

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 255-264页

作者： Hongliang Wang Shikun Zhu Bo Qu Yu Zhang Bin Fan state key laboratory of environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China

Anaerobic treatment is the core technology for resource and energy recovery from source-separated domestic bio-wastes. The higher efficiency of an improved upflow solid reactor（IUSR） designed in this study was demonstrated in the treatment of concentrated black water and kitchen waste. The highest methane production of 48 L/person/day was achieved at the hydraulic retention time（HRT） of 7 days, while the other measures of performance at the HRT of 8.3 days were better than at the HRT of 7 or 10 days, achieving a methane production of 43 L/person/day, removal of total chemical oxygen demand（TCOD）of 89%, removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand（SCOD） of 92%, and conversion of chemical oxygen demand（COD） to methane of 71%. It is not recommended to decrease HRT lower than 7 days due to the instability of the initial period. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids（VFAs） in the IUSR were less than 10 mg/L, indicating that the anaerobic process was stable. Sludge bed development showed that sludge bed with high microbial activity was formed in the bottom and that the precipitation zone of effluents formed should preferably occupy 30% of the height of the IUSR. The effluents of the IUSR could be used for irrigation in agriculture in combination with a settling tank accompanied by disinfection to remove solids and pathogens.

关键词： Sustainable sanitation Anaerobic treatment Source-separated domestic bio-wastes Improved upflow solid reactor

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Organic matter and pH affect the analysis efficiency of (31)P-NMR

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 244-249页

作者： Wenqiang Zhang Xin Jin Nan Rong Jie Li Baoqing Shan state key laboratory on environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China

Solution ^（31）P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（ ^（31）P-NMR） is a useful method to analyze organic phosphorus（Po）, but a general procedure for the analysis method is *** authors used solution ^（31）P-NMR, which was found to be an effective method for analysis of Po in Haihe River sediment, to analyze the Po in the surface sediment in Eastern China at the regional scale, and found that the Na OH-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid（EDTA）extraction rate was affected by environmental factors. At the regional scale, the extraction rate showed a positive relationship with loss on ignition, when the extraction rate was lower than 60%. The extraction rate had no relationship with the loss on ignition when the extraction rate was higher than 60%. The extraction rate showed a negative relationship with p H, which means that the extraction rate was higher in acidic sediment and lower in alkaline sediment. The ratio of TC/TN（the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen） was considered to represent the origin of organic matter in the sediment. The extraction rate was high when the TC/TN ratio was lower than 20, meanwhile the extraction rate decreased as the TC/TN ratio increased. The results show that the origin of organic matter in sediment significantly affects the Na OH-EDTA extraction rate. This study will give theoretical support for building an effective and general solution ^（31）P-NMR analysis method.

关键词： 31P-NMR pH Organic matter Extraction rate Sediment

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laboratory culture of the freshwater benthic gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa (Reeve) and its utility as a test species for sediment toxicity

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第2期22卷 304-313页

作者： Taowu Ma Shuangjiao Gong Ke Zhou Cheng Zhu Kaidong Deng Qinghua Luo Zijian Wang College of Biology and environmental Science Jishou University Jishou 416000 China. state key laboratory of environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

This study aimed to develop original laboratory culture and sediment toxicity testing protocols for the freshwater gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa （Reeve）, a new potential species for sediment toxicity testing. B. aeruginosa was successfully cultured with an effective culture system under proposed laboratory conditions. Optimal ad libitum feeding levels for larvae, juveniles, and adults were 2.0, 6.0, and 16.0 mg fish food/（***）, respectively. Mean survival rates of juveniles were higher than 90%, The snails could be sexed at 9 weeks of age, and their generation time is approximately 4 months. Reproduction continued all year around; the mean fecundity was 0.55 newborn/（***）. The utility of this species for bioassays was evaluated in both 10-day and 28-day case studies with artificial sediments. The 10-day LC50 of Cu for larvae was 480 μg/g dry weight （dw）, and the lowest observed effects concentration of Cu for survival and growth of larvae was 195 μg/g dw. Survival and growth are reliable indicators of acute toxicity. Larvae accumulated more Cu than adults. B. aeruginosa exhibited a higher sensitivity to Cu exposure than standard test species （Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans）. The 28-day test of sediment toxicity with adults showed that fecundity was a robust endpoint indicator of reproductive toxicity, and the biochemical endpoints of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione could be used as sensitive biomarkers for Cu-induced oxidative damage. B. aeruginosa can be therefore recommended as a candidate for the standardization of the freshwater sediment toxicity test protocol.

关键词： gastropod cultures life history lowest observed effect concentration bioaccumulation oxidative stress

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First flush of storm runoff pollution from an urban catchment in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2007年第3期19卷 295-299页

作者： LI Li-qing YIN Cheng-qing HE Qing-ci KONG Ling-li state key laboratory of environmental aquatic chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Wuhan Research Institute of environmental Science Wuhan 430015 China

Storm runoff pollution process was investigated in an urban catchment with an area of 1.3 km^2 in Wuhan City of China. The results indicate that the pollutant concentration peaks preceded the flow peaks in all of 8 monitored storm events. The intervals between pollution peak and flow peak were shorter in the rain events with higher intensity in the initial period than those with lower intensity. The fractions of pollution load transported by the first 30% of runoff volume （FF30） were 52.2%-72.1% for total suspended solids （TSS）, 53.0%-65.3% for chemical oxygen demand （COD）, 40.4%-50.6% for total nitrogen （TN）, and 45.8%-63.2% for total phosphorus （TP）, respectively. Runoff pollution was positively related to non-raining days before the rainfall. Intercepting the first 30% of runoff volume can remove 62.4% of TSS load, 59.4% of COD load, 46.8% of TN load, and 54.1% of TP load, respectively, according to all the storm events. It is suggested that controlling the first flush is a critical measure in reduction of urban stormwater pollution.

关键词： first flush stormwater pollution urban area rainfall pattem runoff

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