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The composition of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and their related metal mineralization

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 208-225页

作者： Qihai SHU Jun DENG state key Laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources School of Earth Sciences and ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China

Magmatic hydrothermal deposits are important sources of many bulk,precious,and rare metals,and have attracted interest from both academic and industrial ***,it is still unclear if the major enrichment of the ore-forming metals occurs in the parental magma source region,during the magma evolution,or after the fluid *** inclusions trapped in hydrothermal minerals crystallized in the early,high-temperature stage before metal precipitation record information close to that of the initially exsolved magmatic fluids,which are helpful in revealing whether the metals have been already significantly enriched prior to the hydrothermal *** this study,available compositional data of such early-stage fluid inclusions from magmatic hydrothermal systems globally have been *** results indicate that the concentrations of Cu,Sn,and W respectively from the Cu-,Sn-,and W-mineralized fluids are significantly higher than the hydrothermal systems that do not produce ores with the corresponding *** suggests that Cu,Sn,and W could have already been enriched in the magma source and/or magma evolution *** Mo concentrations show no difference between Mo-mineralized and Mobarren fluid systems,indicating no significant pre-enrichment in the source region or during the magma *** also implies that an efficient collection of Mo from a large volume of magmas is required to account for the formation of a large Mo *** all the hydrothermal fluids contain high concentrations of Fe and Zn-Pb,but only a few of them eventually form Fe or Zn-Pb deposits,reflecting an important role of the hydrothermal evolution process on the selective metal *** above results indicate that different metals are enriched in different stages of a magmatic hydrothermal system,and that the major roles played in the formation of a deposit vary with the metal *** addition to the metal concentrations in the orerelated magmas and fluids

关键词： Magmatic hydrothermal deposits Fluid inclusions LA-ICP-MS Metal enrichment mineralization mechanism

Advances in origin of high oxidation state of magmas associated with porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) deposits

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 953-956页

作者： Rui WANG Jingbo ZHANG state key Laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth Institute of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences School of Earth Sciences and resources China University of Geosciences

1. Introduction Porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) deposits, hereafter termed as porphyry Cu deposits, are typical magmatic-hydrothermal systems spatially and genetically associated with shallow,intermediate to felsic porphyritic intrusions. These deposits exhibit well-developed alteration zoning and are characterized by veinlet-disseminated mineralization.

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A Preliminary Catalog of Early Aftershocks Following the 7 January 2025 MS6.8 Dingri,Xizang Earthquake

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年

作者： Jiayuan Yao Dongdong Yao Fang Chen Ming Zhi Li Sun Dun Wang Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of Geosciences state key Laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources China University of Geosciences(Wuhan) state key Laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of Geosciences(Wuhan) China Earthquake Networks Center

INTRODUCTION On January 7,2025,at 9:05 AM BJT,a MS6.8 earthquake （CENC epicenter:28.50°N,87.45°E） struck Dingri County,Xizang Province （hereinafter referred to as the Dingri mainshock）.The inferred moment magnitude,based on regional/teleseismic waveform inversion and back-projection,is approximately *** mechanism solutions,aftershock distribution,and field surveys indicate that the Dingri mainshock was a normal-faulting event,with a nearly north-south strike and a westwarddipping fault plane.

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Structural characteristics and formation process of pseudotachylyte in the Wulian detachment fault zone on the Jiaodong Peninsula， China

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年

作者： Ruijie Wang Jinlong Ni Guiyuan Li Junlai Liu Lei Ji Yiren Wang Runye Lü School of Earth Sciences and Engineering， Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao Geologic and mineral Geotechnical Engineering Co.， Ltd. state key Laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources， China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Laboratory for Marine mineral resources，Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Exploring pseudotachylytes (PSTs) within detachment fault zones provides valuable insight into the kinematic processes of these fault systems. Nevertheless， significant controversy persists regarding the origin and formation mechanisms of PST veins. The PST was initially identified within the Wulian detachment fault zone (DFZ) on the Jiaodong Peninsula by delineating the deformation characteristics of the fault zone's transition from ductile to ductile-brittle behavior. Macroscopic and microstructural features of the PST within the Wulian DFZ were examined using geological field surveys. Using quantitative and high-resolution techniques， such as scanning electron microscopy， TIMA-X mineral composition analysis， and transmission electron microscopy， variations in mineral composition between the veins and detritals of the PST were investigated. Furthermore， this study has investigated the progressive deformation processes and underlying causes contributing to PST formation within the DFZ. This study revealed the presence of both type D and B-type PSTs in the Wulian DFZ formed under ductile or ductile-brittle conditions. These PSTs exhibit fracture and fusion structures resulting from fault frictional fragmentation and frictional melting and undergo progressive deformation. During the initial stages of the D-type PST formation， biotite fragmentation in poorly cohesive foliation was the primary contributor， supplemented by frictional melting. As the deformation progressed， quartz fragmentation and partial melting became dominant， constituting up to 81.9% of the matrix. The formation of the B-type PST aligns with deformation under brittle or ductile-brittle conditions， with frictional fragmentation and fragmentation flow playing significant roles. Vein formation is initiated by biotite fragmentation or partial melting， followed by quartz， potassium feldspar， albite fragmentation， or partial melting. Mature PST veins exhibited distinct zoning characteristics， with a diffu

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New Potential Barite Reference Materials for LA-MC-ICP-MS Sulfur Isotope Analysis with Application to Hydrothermal Barite in the Huayangchuan Deposit,Western China

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 1-10页

作者： Jiali Fu Xinqian He Zhaochu Hu Shuo Yin Jian Ma Kaiyun Chen Wen Zhang National key Laboratory of Uranium Resource Exploration-Mining andNuclear Remote Sensing East China UniversityofTechnologyNanchang 330013China state key Laboratory of Nuclear resources and Environment East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China School of Earth Sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China state key Laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China state key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710069China

Sulfur isotopes of S-bearing materials are powerful tools to trace various geological processes and sulfur sources in earth sciences,especially in ore deposits where sulfide-sulfate pair coprecipitates ***,in-situ S isotope determination of barite is challenging without natural matrix-matched reference *** this study,we present two natural barite reference materials(1-YS and 294-YS)for in-situ sulfur isotopic *** LA-MC-ICP-MS laboratories were utilized to test theδ34S micron-scale homogeneity of 1-YS and 294-YS barites that have 2s repeatabilities of better than±0.45‰and±0.41‰,***,the in-situ analysis results are consistent with the results of the bulk analysis by GS-IRMS within *** grand meanδ~(34)S values of 1-YS(13.37‰±0.42‰,2s)and 294-YS(14.38‰±0.44‰,2s)are the final recommended values obtained from four independent *** the results confirm the suitability of 1-YS and 294-YS barite used as calibration materials with respect to in-situ S isotopic ***,the new developed barite reference materials were used as matrix-matched standard to calibrate the barite samples from the Huayangchuan carbonatite-hosted U-polymetallic deposit(Qinling orogenic belt,western China)to obtainδ34S *** the temperaturedependentδ34S fractionation of barite-pyrite pair,we calculate the formation temperature of barite(i.e.,506 to 537°C)and theδ34S value of mineralizing fluid(i.e.,-7.11‰to-7.59‰)in the Huayangchuan *** results indicate an involvement of sedimentary sulfur,presumably acting as a potential uranium source(e.g.,upper crustal materials)for the giant Huayangchuan deposit.

关键词： LA-MC-ICP-MS S isotope reference material barite geothermometry

Perspectives on the M 7.1 2025 Southern Tibetan Plateau (Xizang) Earthquake

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年

作者： Timothy M.Kusky Jiannan Meng state key Lab for geological processes and mineral resources and Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesChina University of Geosciences(Wuhan) Badong National Observatory and Research Station for Geohazards China University of Geosciences

On January 7,2025,01:05:15 UTC （9:05 *** time） southern Tibet was rocked by a Mw7.1 earthquake （Mw=moment magnitude,USGS） centered（28.639°N 87.361°E） in the Lhasa Block north of the India/Eurasia Plate boundary,in a remote area about 180km SW of Xigaze,in Dingri County of Shigatse of the Xizang Autonomous Region （Figure 1）.The China Earthquake Networks Center measured the magnitude differently,using surface wave magnitude,Ms,at *** of Jan.10,a total of 126 people were confirmed dead,another 188 injured,and about 61 500 people displaced from their *** region is currently being shaken by thousands of aftershocks,which are likely to continue for weeks or *** than 14 000 search and rescue personnel have been deployed to the epicentral region.

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Transition from the Sedimentary Manganese Deposit to Supergene Manganese Ore in Eastern Hebei,North China:Evidences from mineralogy and Geochemistry

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 11-28页

作者： Lingtong Xu Wenchao Yu Song Jin Hua Guo Pengfei Ma Yuansheng Du Cailong Zhang state key Laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Innovation Center of Ore resources Exploration Technology in the Region of Bedrock Ministry of Natural Resources ofPeoplesRepublicof ChinaGuiyang 550004China Hebei Institute of geological Survey Shijiazhuang 050081China state key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China geological Exploration Technology Center of Hebei Bureau of Geology and mineral Exploration and Development Shijiazhuang 050081China

Original sedimentary manganese(Mn)deposits and supergene Mn ores are important Mn resources in ***,the geochemical information from Chinese supergene Mn ores is scarce,and the relationship between sedimentary Mn deposits and supergene Mn ores is *** this study,we collected the original Mn-bearing dolomitic sandstones(ZK20-3 drillcore)and supergene Mn ores(Longmen Section)from eastern Hebei,North China for systematic petrographic,mineralogical and geochemical *** new data help us to figure out the transformation from original Mn-bearing deposits to supergene *** main minerals of original Mn-bearing dolomitic sandstones are quartz and feldspar,with minor muscovite,dolomite,rhodochrosite,ankerite,and *** Mn-oxide ores only emerged in the middle part of the Longmen(LM)Section,and mainly contain quartz,pyrolusite,cryptomelane,todorokite and occasional *** possible transformation sequence of Mn minerals is:kutnohorite/rhodochrosite→pyrolusite(Ⅰ)→cryptomelane(todorokite)→todorokite(cryptomelane)→pyrolusite(Ⅱ).For Mn-oxide ores,Fe,Na and Si are enriched but Al,Ca,Mg and K are depleted with the enrichment of *** original and supergene ores,the total rare earth element+ytterbium(∑REY)contents range from 105.68×10^(-6)to 250.56×10^(-6)and from 18.08×10^(-6)to 176.60×10^(-6),*** Mn ores have similar slightly LREE-enriched patterns,but the purer Mn-oxide ore shows a HREE-enriched *** the middle part of the LM Section,positive Ce anomalies in Mn-oxide ores indicate the precipitation of Ce-bearing *** implies the existence of geochemical barriers,which changed p H and Eh values due to the long-time influence of groundwater.

关键词： supergene manganese ore geochemistry Gaoyuzhuang Formation North China

Spatiotemporal evolution of Ediacaran-Cambrian(ca.551–523 Ma)sponges in South China and their simulated contributions to marine oxygenation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 549-563页

作者： Yan YE Lei ZHANG Can CHEN Shan CHANG Yuhao YI Qinglai FENG state key Laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Geology Lund UniversityLund 22362Sweden Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China key Laboratory of Deep-time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications of Ministry of Natural resources Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Second geological Brigade of Hubei geological Bureau Enshi 445000China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Hubei Normal UniversityHuangshi 435002China Exploration and Development Research Institute SINOPEC Jianghan Oilfield CompanyWuhan 430223China

The origin and evolution of sponges have attracted interest,not only because they are among the most basal metazoans,but also because they act as important ecological engineers in the *** research suggested that sponge groups diversified quickly during the Cambrian Series 2,while Terreneuvian sponge fossils are conspicuously rare and poorly ***,an increasing number of sponge spicules have been reported from the Ediacaran-Cambrian(E-C,ca.551–523 Ma)transitional carbonates/cherts worldwide,particularly in South China,which calls for updated *** oxygenation has been widely proposed to play a critical role in organismal evolution,but its relationship with sponges is unclear and falls into a“chicken-egg”*** this study,we summarize reported sponge spicule distributions from five E-C sections in South China to investigate the early evolutionary pattern of siliceous *** to current stratigraphic correlation,monaxons first appear in the late Ediacaran in the intrashelf basin-slope area,and then potentially expand to the continental shelf and deep basin in the lower *** these sections,the abundance,size,and diversity of monaxons increase upwards,followed by the appearance of diaxons,triaxons and then *** the uncertain affinity of the sponge fossils,it is possible that siliceous hexactinellids evolved later than siliceous demosponges,given that the earliest spicule assemblages are exclusively composed of monaxons,which commonly form bundles comparable to modern *** geochemical data from the Sifangjing section,Guizhou Province and the Yanziqiao section,Hunan Province,South China show that the appearance of sponges usually corresponds to anoxic *** addition,we applied the recently proposed Biological Pump,Oxygen and Phosphorus(BPOP)model to trace the evolution of oceanic oxygen concentrations with the radiation of *** results indicate that the possible contribution o

关键词： Cambrian Sponge Oxygenation Silicon concentration Box model

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Distribution, characteristics, metallogenic processes and prospecting potential of terrestrial brine-type lithium deposits in the world and lithium demand situation

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China Geology 2025年第1期8卷 1-25页

作者： Dian-he Liu Cheng-lin Liu Chun-lian Wang Xiao-can Yu MNR key Laboratory of Metallogeny and mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Peking University School of Earth and Space SciencesBeijing 100871China School of Earth resources China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

In response to the rise of the energy storage industries such as new energy vehicles and the wide application of lithium in various fields worldwide,the global demand for lithium resources has been in explosive *** order to further comprehensively understand the global supply and demand pattern,development and utilization status,genesis of ore deposits and other characteristics of lithium resources,based on the achievements of many researchers at home and abroad,this paper systematically summarized the lithium supply and demand situation,resource endowment,deposit classification and distribution,typical geological characteristics,metallogenic factors and metallogenic regularity of terrestrial brine-type lithium deposits which are the main types of development and utilization all over the *** review shows that brine-type lithium resource and(or)reserves in the plateau salt lakes are huge and play an important *** addition,the mineralization potential of the underground brine-type lithium deposit is broad *** potential resources of underground brines are enormous,and the geothermal spring water type is also worthy of *** lithium deposits are mainly controlled by the subduction and collision of regional plate tectonics,arid climate and provenance *** of the scientific research on underground brines in the future is expected to provide another significant support for the global demand for lithium resources.

关键词： Brine in plateau salt lake Underground brine Geothermal spring brine Terrestrial brine classification Lithium migration mechanism Brine genesis mineral exploration engineering Lithium enrich mechanism