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New steelmaking process based on clean deoxidation technology

International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1249-1262页

作者： Zhongliang Wang Yanping Bao state key laboratory of advanced metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

After the converter steelmaking process,a considerable number of ferroalloys are needed to remove dissolved oxygen from the molten steel,but it also forms a lot of oxide inclusions that cannot be completely removed.At the same time,it increases the carbon emis-sions in the steel production process.After years of research,our team have developed a series of clean deoxidation technologies,includ-ing carbon deoxidation,hydrogen deoxidation,and waste plastic deoxidation of molten steel to address the aforementioned issues.In this study,thermodynamic calculations and laboratory experiments were employed to verify that carbon and hydrogen can reduce the total oxygen content in the molten steel melt to below 5×10^(-6) and 10×10^(-6),respectively.An analysis of the deoxidation mechanisms and ef-fects of polyethylene and polypropylene was also conducted.In addition,the applications of carbon deoxidation technology in different steels with the hot-state experiment and industrial production were discussed carefully.The carbon deoxidation experimental results of different steels were as follows:(1)the oxygen content of bearing steel was effectively controlled at 6.3×10^(-6) and the inclusion number density was lowered by 74.73%compared to aluminum deoxidized bearing steel;(2)the oxygen content in gear steel was reduced to 7.7×10^(-6) and a 54.49%reduction of inclusion number density was achieved with almost no inclusions larger than 5μm from the average level of industry gear steels;(3)a total oxygen content of M2 high-speed steel was as low as 3.7×10^(-6).In industrial production practice,car-bon deoxidation technique was applied in the final deoxidation stage for non-aluminum deoxidized bearing steel,and it yielded excellent results that the oxygen content was reduced to below 8×10^(-6) and the oxide inclusions in the steel mainly consist of silicates,along with small amounts of spinel and calcium aluminate.

关键词： clean deoxidation carbon deoxidation hydrogen deoxidation waste plastics deoxidation

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Development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 18-32页

作者： Zhongliang Wang Yanping Bao state key laboratory of advanced metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

In the long traditional process of steelmaking,excess oxygen is blown into the converter,and alloying elements are used for deoxidation.This inevitably results in excessive deoxidation of products remaining within the steel liquid,affecting the cleanliness of the steel.With the increasing requirements for steel performance,reducing the oxygen content in the steel liquid and ensuring its high cleanliness is necessary.After more than a hundred years of development,the total oxygen content in steel has been reduced from approximately 100×10^(-6)to approximately 10×10^(-6),and it can be controlled below 5×10^(-6)in some steel grades.A relatively stable and mature deoxidation technology has been formed,but further reducing the oxygen content in steel is no longer significant for improving steel quality.Our research team developed a deoxidation technology for bearing steel by optimizing the entire conventional process.The technology combines silicon–manganese predeoxidation,ladle furnace diffusion deoxidation,and vacuum final deoxidation.We successfully conducted industrial experiments and produced interstitial-free steel with natural decarbonization predeoxidation.Non-aluminum deoxidation was found to control the oxygen content in bearing steel to between 4×10^(-6) and 8×10^(-6),altering the type of inclusions,eliminating large particle Ds-type inclusions,improving the flowability of the steel liquid,and deriving a higher fatigue life.The natural decarbonization predeoxidation of interstitial-free steel reduced aluminum consumption and production costs and significantly improved the quality of cast billets.

关键词： steel deoxidation deoxidizer metallurgical equipment bearing steel IF steel

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Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on viscosity and structure of slag for pyrometallurgical processing of spent automotive catalysts

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第3期31卷 608-621页

作者： Zhe Wang Qi-long Wei Cheng-bin Shi Zhan-cheng Guo state key laboratory of advanced metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on the viscosity and structure of the CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-6MgO-1.5ZrO_(2)-1.5CeO_(2) slag was investigated.The results show that with the increase in Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio,the viscous flow units within the slag gradually change from Si-O-Si to Al-O-Al and Al-O-Si.Furthermore,the substitution of Al_(2)O_(3) for SiO_(2) leads to the transformation of Si-O bonds towards weaker Al-O bonds,which weaken the bond strength of the aluminosilicate networks,thus leading to a decrease in the viscosity of slag.The increase in CaO content effectively promotes the depolymerization of the aluminosilicate networks,resulting in a significant decrease in the viscosity of the slag.The slag with Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) of 0.7-1.5 and CaO of 30 wt.%shows promise as the reference slag system for the Fe-collection smelting of spent automotive catalysts due to its good comprehensive performance.

关键词： Aluminosilicate slag Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2)mass ratio CaO content Viscosity Slag structure

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Porous TiFe_(2) intermetallic compound fabricated via elemental powder reactive synthesis

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2024年第4期31卷 764-772页

作者： Qian Zhao Zhenli He Yuehui He Yue Qiu Zhonghe Wang Yao Jiang state key laboratory of Powder metallurgy Powder Metallurgy Research InstituteCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Porous intermetallics show potential in the field of filtration and separation as well as in the field of catalysis.Herein,porous Ti Fe2intermetallics were fabricated by the reactive synthesis of elemental powders.The phase transformation and pore formation of porous TiFe2intermetallics were investigated,and its corrosion behavior and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance in alkali solution were studied.Porous TiFe2intermetallics with porosity in the range of 34.4%-56.4%were synthesized by the diffusion reaction of Ti and Fe elements,and the pore formation of porous TiFe2intermetallic compound is the result of a combination of the bridging effect and the Kirkendall effect.The porous TiFe2samples exhibit better corrosion resistance compared with porous 316L stainless steel,which is related to the formation of uniform nanosheets on the surface that hinder further corrosion,and porous TiFe2electrode shows the overpotential of 220.6 and 295.6 mV at 10 and 100 mA·cm-2,suggesting a good catalytic performance.The synthesized porous Fe-based intermetallic has a controllable pore structure as well as excellent corrosion resistance,showing its potential in the field of filtration and separation.

关键词： TiFe2 intermetallic compound porous materials reactive synthesis corrosion behavior hydrogen evolution reaction

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Cross-upgrading of biomass hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis for high quality blast furnace injection fuel production:Physicochemical characteristics and gasification kinetics analysis

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2024年第2期31卷 268-281页

作者： Han Dang Runsheng Xu Jianliang Zhang Mingyong Wang Jinhua Li state key laboratory of advanced metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia

The paper proposes a biomass cross-upgrading process that combines hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis to produce high-quality blast furnace injection fuel.The results showed that after upgrading,the volatile content of biochar ranged from 16.19%to 45.35%,and the alkali metal content,ash content,and specific surface area were significantly reduced.The optimal route for biochar pro-duction is hydrothermal carbonization-pyrolysis(P-HC),resulting in biochar with a higher calorific value,C=C structure,and increased graphitization degree.The apparent activation energy(E)of the sample ranges from 199.1 to 324.8 kJ/mol,with P-HC having an E of 277.8 kJ/mol,lower than that of raw biomass,primary biochar,and anthracite.This makes P-HC more suitable for blast furnace injection fuel.Additionally,the paper proposes a path for P-HC injection in blast furnaces and calculates potential environmental benefits.P-HC of-fers the highest potential for carbon emission reduction,capable of reducing emissions by 96.04 kg/t when replacing 40wt%coal injec-tion.

关键词： blast furnace injection biomass cross-upgrading hydrothermal carbonization pyrolysis physicochemical properties gasific-ation properties

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Chloride ion battery:A new emerged electrochemical system for next-generation energy storage

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 154-168,I0004页

作者： Shulin Chen Lu Wu Yu Liu Peng Zhou Qinyou An Liqiang Mai state key laboratory of advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina state key laboratory of Refractories and metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina

In the scope of developing new electrochemical concepts to build batteries with high energy density,chloride ion batteries(CIBs)have emerged as a candidate for the next generation of novel electrochemical energy storage technologies,which show the potential in matching or even surpassing the current lithium metal batteries in terms of energy density,dendrite-free safety,and elimination of the dependence on the strained lithium and cobalt resources.However,the development of CIBs is still at the initial stage with unsatisfactory performance and several challenges have hindered them from reaching commercialization.In this review,we examine the current advances of CIBs by considering the electrode material design to the electrolyte,thus outlining the new opportunities of aqueous CIBs especially combined with desalination,chloride redox battery,etc.With respect to the developing road of lithium ion and fluoride ion batteries,the possibility of using solid-state chloride ion conductors to replace liquid electrolytes is tentatively discussed.Going beyond,perspectives and clear suggestions are concluded by highlighting the major obstacles and by prescribing specific research topics to inspire more efforts for CIBs in large-scale energy storage applications.

关键词： Chloride ion battery Anion shuttling Conversion reaction Chloride redox

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Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)fiber on twin intersections-induced dynamic recrystallization in fine-grained TiAl matrix composite

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 1-14页

作者： Yaofeng Luo Yan Wang Li Wang Bin Liu Yong Liu state key laboratory of Powder metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Dynamic recrystallization(DRX)is of great significance for the thermomechanical processing and microstructural regulation of TiAl intermetallics.However,the underlying DRX mechanism remains poorly understood.In this study,an Avrami kinetics model for DRX was established,which was capable of predicting the DRX fraction accurately.In addition,the effect of Al_(2)O_(3)short fiber on the DRX mechanisms of TiAl matrix composite during the isothermal compression was investigated for the first time.The re-sults showed that other than inhibiting DRX by particles in the TiAl matrix composites,the addition of Al_(2)O_(3)short fiber accelerated a novel DRX process,which was induced by twinning and twin intersec-tions(TDRX).Thus,this composite exhibited a higher DRX rate than that of the as-cast TiAl monolithic alloy.The origin of the twin intersection and TDRX for the composite was revealed.The stress concentration near the Al_(2)O_(3)fiber was above the critical shear stress for twinning and thus was favorable for the formation of twinning and twin intersections.The high stored strain energy at the regions of twins and twin intersections provided the driving force for TDRX.TDRX accelerated the grain refinement in the TiAl matrix near the Al_(2)O_(3)fiber.The present findings would provide a new perspective on DRX mechanisms,and provide the scientific guidance for optimizing the microstructures of TiAl matrix composites.

关键词： TiAl matrix composite Al_(2)O_(3)fiber Twin intersection Dynamic recrystallization

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Competitive oxidation behavior of Ni-based superalloy GH4738 at extreme temperature

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 138-145页

作者： Hui Xu Shufeng Yang Enhui Wang Yunsong Liu Chunyu Guo Xinmei Hou Yanling Zhang state key laboratory of advanced metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute for carbon neutrality University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

A high thrust-to-weight ratio poses challenges to the high-temperature performance of Ni-based superalloys. The oxidation behavior of GH4738 at extreme temperatures has been investigated by isothermal and non-isothermal experiments. As a result of the competitive diffusion of alloying elements, the oxide scale included an outermost porous oxide layer (OOL), an inner relatively dense oxide layer (IOL), and an internal oxide zone (IOZ), depending on the temperature and time. A high temperature led to the formation of large voids at the IOL/IOZ interface. At 1200℃, the continuity of the Cr-rich oxide layer in the IOL was destroyed, and thus, spallation occurred. Extension of oxidation time contributed to the size of Al-rich oxide particles with the increase in the IOZ. Based on this finding,the oxidation kinetics of GH4738 was discussed, and the corresponding oxidation behavior at 900-1100℃ was predicted.

关键词： Ni-based superalloy GH4738 extreme temperature competitive oxidation oxidation mechanism oxidation kinetics

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Weatherability and heat resistance enhanced by interaction between AG25 and Mg/AI-LDH

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2758-2768页

作者： Pei-Yao Yang Xiang-Cui Liu Yu-Chao Wang Huan-Ran Zheng Jin-Xian Wang Jia-Yi Zheng Meng-Jie Liu Dan-Ni Deng Yu Bai Ying-Bi Chen Tong Zhang Zhi-Ming Liu Yong-Peng Lei state key laboratory of Powder metallurgy Powder Metallurgy Research InstituteCentral South University Research Institute of Chemical Defense

Although inorganic pigments in common spectral tuning materials show good weatherability and heat resistance,the limited color choices,weak coloring power,poor dispersibility,and a possibility of toxicity limit their development.On the basis of organic pigments which possess a wide range of colors,high coloring power,good transparency,and high safety,herein,the modified pigment and biomimetic coating with improved weatherability,especially ultraviolet(UV) resistance(from 2 to 6 days),was achieved by intercalating acid green 25(AG25) pigment into Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides(Mg/Al-LDH).Furthermore,the heat resistance of AG25 was also significantly increased.Moreover,the spectral stability of pigments after heat treatment is superior with almost unchanged spectral profile and green reflection peak.The formation of strong N-H bonds and the S-M(Mg,Al)bonds between Mg/Al-LDH laminates and AG25 molecules contributes to the improvement.This work shows potential for biomimetic leaf materials in respect of reflective spectra stability.

关键词： Layered double hydroxide Biomimetic Acid green 25 Interaction Weatherability Heat resistance

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Optimal V_(2)O_(3) extraction by sustainable vanadate electrolysis in molten salts

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Tungsten 2024年第1期6卷 141-149页

作者： Bao-Yan Feng Zhong-Hua Zhao Yong-Zheng Jia Jia-Liang An Ming-Yong Wang state key laboratory of advanced metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing key laboratory of Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Recently,an environmentally friendly electrolysis process of soluble vanadates is proposed and successfully confirmed for V_(2)O_(3) extraction.In this paper,the solubilities of various vanadates(i.e.NaVO_(3),Na_(4)V_(2)O_(7) and Na_(3)VO_(4))in NaCl molten salt are measured.The dependences of V_(2)O_(3) extraction on vanadate form,anode material and molten salt system are studied.A long-term electrolysis is carried out.The result indicates that the solubilities of all vanadates are high and meet electrolytic requirements.Compared to Na_(4)V_(2)O_(7) and Na_(3)VO_(4),NaVO_(3) exhibits larger current efficiency and lower electricity consumption.By using SnO_(2) anode instead of graphite anode,the current efficiency of NaVO_(3) electrolysis can be increased to 58.1%and carbon pollution is avoided at 700℃.The extraction rate of V_(2)O_(3) reaches 81.3%after long-term electrolysis of 51 h.This work optimizes the electrochemical preparation process of V_(2)O_(3) from various vanadates and contributes to the improvement of current efficiency and extraction rate.

关键词： Molten salt electrolysis Vanadate Vanadium trioxide Current efficiency

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