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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International laboratory for Air quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Application of ~1H NMR-based metabolomics for discrimination of different parts and development of a new processing workflow for Cistanche deserticola

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第6期7卷 647-656,676页

作者： Pingping Zou Yuelin Song Wei Lei Jun Li Pengfei Tu Yong Jiang state key laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Modern research Center for Traditional chinese Medicine School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine

Cistanche deserticola(CD) is one of the two authoritative source plants of Cistanches Herba, a well-known medicinal plant. Herein,~1H NMR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the chemical profile and to distinguish the different parts, as well as to propose a new processing workflow for *** assignment was achieved by multiple one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques in combination with available databases and authentic compounds. The upper parts of the plant were distinguished from the lower parts by combining ~1H NMR spectroscopic dataset with multivariate statistical analysis. A new processing method that hyphenated steaming with freeze-drying, was demonstrated to be superior to either steaming coupled with oven-drying or direct freeze-drying via holistic ~1H NMR-based metabolomic characterization. Phenylethanoid glycosides, mainly echinacoside and acteoside, were screened out and confirmed as the chemical markers responsible for exhibiting the superiority of the new processing workflow, whereas serial primary metabolites, especially carbohydrates and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, were found as the primary molecules governing the discrimination between the upper and lower parts of the plant. Collectively,~1H NMR spectroscopy was demonstrated as a versatile analytical tool to characterize the chemical profile and to guide the indepth exploitation of CD by providing comprehensive qualitative and quantitative information.

关键词： Cistanche deserticola 1H NMR-based metabolomics Processing workflow Different parts Phenylethanoid glycoside Tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites Echinacoside Acteoside

Pharmacological insights into autophagy modulation in autoimmune diseases

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第11期11卷 3364-3378页

作者： Ming-Yue Wu Er-Jin Wang Du Feng Min Li Richard D.Ye Jia-Hong Lu state key laboratory of quality research in chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao 9999078China key laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseCollege of Basic Medical ScienceGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510000China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and EvaluationSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery School of Life and Health Sciencesthe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518000China

As a cellular bulk degradation and survival mechanism,autophagy is implicated in diverse biological ***-wide association studies have revealed the link between autophagy gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),indicating that autophagy dysregulation may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases.A series of autophagy modulators have displayed protective effects on autoimmune disease models,highlighting the emerging role of autophagy modulators in treating autoimmune *** review explores the roles of autophagy in the autoimmune diseases,with emphasis on four major autoimmune diseases[SLE,rheumatoid arthritis(RA),IBD,and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)].More importantly,the therapeutic potentials of small molecular autophagy modulators(including autophagy inducers and inhibitors)on autoimmune diseases are comprehensively analyzed.

关键词： Autophagy Autoimmune disease Systemic lupus erythematosus Inflammatory bowel disease Rheumatoid arthritis Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Autophagy inducer Autophagy inhibitor

Investigation of mode radiation loss for microdisk resonators with pedestals by FDTD technique

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chinese Optics Letters 2010年第5期8卷 502-504页

作者：杨跃德王世江黄永箴 state key laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of Sciences

Mode radiation loss for microdisk resonators with pedestals is investigated by three-dimensional（3D） finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） *** the microdisk with a radius of 1μm,a thickness of 0.2μm,and a refractive index of 3.4,on a pedestal with a refractive index of 3.17,the mode quality（Q） factor of the whispering-gallery mode（WGM） quasi-TE_（7.1） first increases with the increase of the radius of the pedestal,and then quickly decreases as the radius is larger than 0.75μ*** mode radiation loss is mainly the vertical radiation loss induced by the mode coupling between the WGM and vertical radiation mode in the pedestal,instead of the scattering loss around the perimeter of the round *** WG M can keep the high Q factor when the mode coupling is forbidden.

关键词： Finite difference time domain method Light refraction Refractive index Refractometers Resonators Three dimensional

Influence of cladding layer field of slab waveguide on M^2 factor

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chinese Optics Letters 2003年第8期1卷 441-443页

作者：林斌文学金郭福源 chinese National Engineering & Technology research Centers for Optical Instrument State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation Department of Optical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 chinese National Engineering & Technology research Centers for Optical Instrument State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation Department of Optical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Institute of Laser Department of Physics Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007

Based on the theory of semiconductor laser pattern and the non-paraxial vectorial moment theory of light beam propagation, the beam quality factor M2 of TE0 propagating mode is analyzed and calculated. The result shows that when both core layer and cladding layer are considered, M2>1 is always obtained. Moreover, by analyzing the characteristic of real beams, this result is generalized to the multilayer isotropic linear slab waveguide.

关键词： Laser beams Optical waveguides Semiconductor lasers

A strategy for rapid discovery of traceable chemical markers in herbal products using MZmine 2 data processing toolbox:A case of Jing Liqueur

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chinese Herbal medicines 2021年第3期13卷 430-438页

作者： Jing Zhou Feng-jie Liu Xin-xin Li Ping Li Hua Yang Yuan-cai Liu Yan-he Chen Chao-dan Wei Hui-jun Li state key laboratory of Natural medicines China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China Hubei Provincial key laboratory for quality and Safety of Traditional chinese Medicine Health Food Jing Brand Co.Ltd.Daye 435100China Jing Brand research Institute Jing Brand Co.Ltd.Daye 435100China

Objective:The quality evaluation of herbal products remains a big *** markers are the core concept of the authentication of herbal ***,the discovery of traceable markers is labor-intensive and *** aim of this study is to develop a convenient approach to rapidly screen the traceable markers for herbal product ***:Commercial Jing Liqueur and its 22 species of herbal ingredients were analyzed using HPLCQTOF-MS and GC–MS to characterize nonvolatile and volatile *** acquired data were imported into MZmine 2 software for mass detection,chromatogram building,deconvolution and *** aligned data were exported into a csv file and then traceable markers were selected using the built-in filter function in ***,the traceable markers were identified by searching against online databases or publications,some of which were confirmed by reference ***:A total of 288 chemical features transferred from herbal materials to Jing Liqueur product were rapidly screened *** them,52 markers detected by HPLC-QTOF-MS were annotated,while nine volatile markers detected by GC–MS were ***,30 of these markers were confirmed by comparing with reference standards.A chemical fingerprint consisting of traceable markers was finally generated to ensure the authentication and quality consistency of Jing ***:A strategy for rapid discovery of traceable markers in herbal products using MZmine 2 software was developed.

关键词： GC–MS herbal products HPLC-QTOF-MS Jing Liqueur MZmine 2 traceable markers

Rapid Differentiation of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix from Different Geographic Origins Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

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World Journal of Traditional chinese Medicine 2021年第1期7卷 71-77页

作者： En-Yu Lu Zi-Feng Pi Zhong Zheng Shu Liu Feng-Rui Song Na Li Zhi-Qiang Liu National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass SpectrometryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceChangchunChina College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Changchun Sunnytech Co. Ltd.ChangchunChina state key laboratory for quality research of chinese medicines Macao University of Science and TechnologyTaipaMacao

Objective:There are different geographic origins of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radixs(AKRs)sold in the market with different *** study aims to establish a rapid analysis method to distinguish the different geographic origins of AKRs and to realize the rapid evaluation of their ***:An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)method was utilized to acquire the constituents'information of AKRs from different geographic *** data and Progenesis QI software were employed to identify the chemical *** component analysis(PCA)was applied to comparing MS data to find the chemical markers of AKRs from different geographic ***:Twenty-three components were detected and 17 out of them were identified,including diester-diterpenoid alkaloids,monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids,and amine-diterpenoid *** pairs of isomers were detected and two of them were distinguished by the retention time of standard *** chemical markers were screened out through PCA and orthogonal partial least square discriminant *** detecting Napelline or isomer of Napelline(m/z 360.2530)and Aconifine(m/z 662.3170),AKRs from inner Mongolia autonomous could be *** to the existence of benzoylaconine(m/z 604.3108)and Indaconitine(m/z 630.3159),it could be confirmed that the AKRs are from Xinjiang Uygur *** that cannot detect compounds above-mentioned could be from Liaoning or Shanxi ***:The chemical profile could be used not only to distinguish the AKRs from different geographic origins but also to identify the true and false of *** study lays a foundation for the study of efficacy and toxic of AKRs.

关键词： Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix chemical markers rapid differentiation ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Synthesis of Homogenous Bilayer Graphene on Industrial Cu Foil

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chinese Physics Letters 2014年第6期31卷 162-166页

作者：骆文刚汪华锋蔡凯明韩文鹏谭平恒胡平安王开友 state key laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 key lab of Microsystem and Microstructure Harbin Institute of Technology Ministry of Education Harbin 150080

We synthesize the homogenous graphene films on cheap industrial Cu foils using low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The quality and the number of layers of graphene are characterized by Raman spectra. Through carefully tuning the growth parameters, we find that the growth temperature, hydrocarbon concentration and the growth time can substantially affect the growth of high-quality graphene. Both single and bilayer large size homogenous graphenes have been synthesized in optimized growth conditions. The growth of graphene on Cu surface is found to be self ceasing in the bilayer graphene process with the low solubility of carbon in Cu. Furthermore, we have optimized the transfer process, and clear graphene films almost free from impurity are suc- cessfully transferred onto Si/SiO2 substrates. The field effect transistors of bilayer graphene are fabricated, which demonstrates a maximum hole （electron） mobility of 4300 cm^2 V- l s-1 （1920 cm^2 V^-1 s^-1） at room temperature.

关键词： Graphene

Chemical characteristics of haze particles in Xi＇an during chinese Spring Festival： Impact of fireworks burning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 179-187页

作者： Can Wu Gehui Wang Jiayuan Wang Jianjun Li Yanqin Ren Lu Zhang Cong Cao Jin Li Shuagshuang Ge Yuning Xie Xinpei Wang Guoyan Xue state key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi' an 710061 China key laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 210062 China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijin9 100049 China state key laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Fireworks burning releases massive fine particles and gaseous pollutants, significantly deteriorating air quality during chinese Lunar New Year （LNY） period. To investigate the impact of the fireworks burning on the atmospheric aerosol chemistry, 1-hr time resolution of PM2.5 samples in Xi＇an during the winter of 2016 including the LNY were collected and detected for inorganic ions, acidity and liquid water content （LWC） of the fine aerosols. PM2.5 during the LNY was 167 ± 87 μg/m^3, two times higher than the China National Ambient Air quality Standard （75 μg/m^3）. K^＋（28 wt.% of the total ion mass） was the most abundant ion in the LNY period, followed by SO^2-4 （25 wt.%） and C1^- （18 wt.%）. In contrast, NO^-3 （34 wt.%） was the most abundant species in the haze periods （hourly PM2.5 〉 75 μg/m^3）, followed by SO^2-4 （29.2 wt.%） and NH^＋4 （16.3 wt.%）, while SC94 （35 wt.%） was the most abundant species in the clean periods （hourly PM2.5 〈 75 μg/m^3）, followed by NO^-3 （23.1 wt.%） and NH^＋4 （11 wt.%）. Being different from the acidic nature in the non-LNY periods, aerosol in the LNY period presented an alkaline nature with a pH value of 7.8 ± 1.3. LWC during the LNY period showed a robust linear correlation with K2SO4 and KC1, suggesting that aerosol hygroscopicity was dominated by inorganic salts derived from fireworks burning. Analysis of correlations between the ratios of NO^-3/SO^2-4 and NH^＋4/SO^2-4 indicated that heterogeneous reaction of HNO3 with NH3 was an important formation pathway of particulate nitrate and ammonium during the LNY period.

关键词： Inorganic ions Aerosol acidity Liquid water content Composition and source Nitrate formation