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R&D and application of voltage sourced co.verter based high voltage direct current engineering technology in China

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2014年第1期2卷 1-15页

作者： Guangfu TANG Zhiyuan HE Hui PANG state grid smart grid research institute Beijing 102200China

As a new generation of direct current(DC)transmission technology,voltage sourced co.verter(VSC)based high voltage direct current(HVDC)has been widely developed and applied all over the *** has also carried out a deep technical research and engineering application in this area,and at present,it has been stepped into a fast growing *** paper gives a general review over China’s VSC based HVDC in terms of engineering technology,application and future *** co.prehensively analyzes the technical difficulties and future development orientation on the aspects of the main co.figurations of VSC based HVDC system,topological structures of co.verters,co.trol and protection technologies,flexible DC cables,co.verter valve tests,*** introduces the applicable fields and current status of China’s VSC based HVDC projects,and analyzes the application trends of VSC based HVDC projects both in China and all over the world acco.ding to the development characteristics and demands of future power grids.

关键词： Voltage sourced co.verter based high voltage direct current(VSC based HVDC) Two-level co.verter Modular multi-level co.verter(MMC) Direct current grid(DC grid)

Graphene superlubricity:A review

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Friction 2023年第11期11卷 1953-1973页

作者： Xiangyu GE Zhiyuan CHAI Qiuyu SHI Yanfei LIU Wenzhong WANG School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China state grid smart grid research institute co. Ltd.Beijing 102209China

Superlubricity has drawn substantial attention worldwide while the energy crisis is challenging human ***,numerous endeavors are bestowed to design materials for superlubricity achievement at multiple *** in graphene-family materials,such as graphene,graphene oxide,and graphene quantum dots,initiated an epoch for atomically thin solid ***,superlubricity achieved with graphene-family materials still needs fundamental understanding for being applied in engineering in the *** this review,the fundamental mechanisms for superlubricity that are achieved with graphene-family materials are outlined in detail,and the problems co.cerning graphene superlubricity and future progress in superlubricity are *** review co.cludes the fundamental mechanisms for graphene superlubricity and offers guidance for utilizing graphene-family materials in superlubricity systems.

关键词： superlubricity graphene graphene-family materials two-dimensional(2D)materials friction

Impedance Analysis of grid Forming co.trol Based Modular Multilevel co.verters

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第3期11卷 967-979页

作者： Rongcai Pan Guangfu Tang Shan Liu Zhiyuan He China Electric Power research institute Beijing 100192China state grid smart grid research institute Beijing 102209China

grid-forming co.trol(GFC)is promising for power electronics based power systems with high renewable energy ***,the impedance modeling for GFC is necessary and has gained significant attention ***,most of the impedance analyses for GFC are based on a twolevel co.verter(TLC)rather than a modular multilevel co.verter(MMC).MMC differs from TLC with respect to its dominant multi-frequency *** is necessary to analyze the impedance of GFC-based MMC owing to its superiority in highvoltage direct current(HVDC)transmission to interlink two weak AC systems with high renewable energy *** the main co.tribution,this paper presents the AC-and DC-side impedance analyses for the GFC-based MMC with both power and DC voltage co.trol using the harmonic transfer function(HTF),and co.pares the impedances of GFC-based MMC and *** is inferred that although the impedance is mainly influenced within 200 Hz,the instability still co.ld occur owing to negative resistance triggered by relatively larger *** difference in AC-side impedance with power and DC voltage co.trol is not apparent with proper parameters,while the DC-side impedance differs *** generalized Nyquist criterion is necessary for AC-side stability owing to the relatively large co.pling terms under ***,the co.pling between AC-and DC-side impedances is noneligible,especially co.sidering the DC-side resonance around the system resonant *** effects of parameters,system strength,and virtual impedance on the impedance shaping are analyzed and verified through simulations.

关键词： Sequence impedance modular multilevel co.verter(MMC) grid-forming co.trol(GFC) harmonic transfer function generalized Nyquist criterion

Advanced System-Level Model Reduction Method for Multi-co.verter DC Power Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1550-1562页

作者： Lin Zhu Xueshen Zhao Xialin Li Li Guo Bo Zhao Zhanfeng Deng Hao Lu Chengshan Wang the Key Laboratory of smart grid of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China the research institute of state grid Zhejiang Electric Power co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310014China the state grid Global Energy Interco.nection research institute Beijing 102209China

For dynamic stability analysis and instability mechanism understanding of multi-co.verter medium voltage DC power systems with droop-based double-loop co.trol,an advanced system-level model reduction method is *** this method,mathematical relationships of co.trol parameters(e.g.,current and voltage co.trol parameters)between the system and its equivalent reduced-order model are ***,open-loop and closed-loop equivalent reduced-order models of current co.trol loop co.sidering dynamic interaction among co.verters are *** instability mechanism(e.g.,unreasonable current co.trol parameters)of the system can be revealed *** guidance for adjustment of current co.trol parameters can also be ***,co.sidering dynamic interaction of current co.trol among co.verters,open-loop and closed-loop equivalent reduced-order models of voltage co.trol loop are *** frequency and damping factor of DC bus voltage in a wide oscillation frequency range(e.g.,10–50 Hz)can be evaluated *** importantly,accuracy of advanced system-level model reduction method is not co.promised,even for MVDC power systems with inco.sistent co.trol parameters and different number of ***,experiments in RT-BOX hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform are co.ducted to validate the advanced system-level model reduction method.

关键词： Closed-loop reduced-order model instability mechanism open-loop reduced-order model stability analysis system-level model reduction method

Stability Analysis of DC-DC co.verters with Energy Balance co.trol

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第5期9卷 1765-1773页

作者： Lei Wang Yang Liu Yongliang Guo Qing-Hua Wu Guangfu Tang School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China state grid smart grid research institute co. Ltd.Beijing 102209China

With variation of parameters,DC-DC co.verters may change from a stable state to an unstable state,which severely degrades the performances of the co.verter *** this article,by establishing the state-space average model,the stability and bifurcation of a boost and a buck-boost co.verter with energy balance co.trol(EBC)is studied,*** the stability boundary and stable parameter domains are accurately *** obtained stability region provides a parameter regulating range for co.verter ***,co.pared with the one-cycle co.trol(OCC)method,the EBC possesses an extended stable parameter domain,while avoiding unstable behaviors such as Hopf bifurcation,Quasi-periodic Oscillation even chaos,*** theoretic analysis is well validated through simulation and experiment.

关键词： DC-DC co.verter energy balance co.trol average model slow-scale stability

High Frequency Stability co.straints Based MMC co.troller Design Using NSGA-III Algorithm

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第2期9卷 623-633页

作者： Ke Ji Weiming Chen Xueguang Wu Hui Pang Jingxuan Hu Shan Liu Fan Cheng Guangfu Tang China Electric Power research institute Beijing 100192China Chen is with state grid Fujian Electric Power research institute Fuzhou 350007China state grid smart grid research institute Beijing 102211China

The occurrence of high frequency resonances(HFRs)has been frequently observed in several MMC-HVDC *** avoid these HFRs,the co.troller design of an MMC must satisfy two requirements:1)The co.troller should remain stable while in the high frequency range,and 2)MMC impedance should not possess a negative real part in the high frequency *** far,majority of the related studies on MMC co.troller design have been unable to address these requirements *** paper first describes the simplified high frequency MMC impedance model developed indigenously by the ***,the driving mechanism of two kinds of HFRs is revealed using the said developed model,including:1)MMC co.troller instability,and 2)Interaction instability between MMC and AC ***,the mathematical expressions outlining the co.troller stability co.straint and positive damping co.straint are ***,NSGA-III based multi-objective optimization algorithm is adopted,to identify the region most suitable for satisfying the proposed stability co.straints under the MMC co.troller *** proposed co.troller design method is capable of effectively evading the HFRs triggered by the inco.patible *** detailed time-domain simulations generated using PSCAD/EMTDC software validate the proposed designed method and endorse the improved results.

关键词： AC cable co.troller parameter optimization harmonic resonance MMC NSGA-III offshore wind power integration

Deco.position analysis of co.(2) emissions of electricity and carbon-reduction policy implication: a study of a province in China based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index method

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Clean Energy 2023年第2期7卷 340-349页

作者： Fuyuan Yang Xiaobin Yang Xueqin Tian Xinlei Wang Tong Xu state grid Eco.omic and Technological research institute co. LtdBeijing102209China state grid Jiangxi Electric Power research institute State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co.LtdNanchangChina

As the proportion of electricity in final energy co.sumption gradually increases,co.(2) emissions reduction actions in the power system will beco.e the key to achieving China’s carbon-peak and carbon-neutrality *** is essential to analyse and quantify the driving forces of co.(2) emissions from electricity generation in the fossil-rich area in *** paper aims to identify the characteristics of co.(2) emissions generated by electricity and provide a basis for formulating co.(2)-reduction policies in power ***,we analyse the current state of co.(2) emissions from electricity generation in Anhui Province that was dominated by fossil energy during the period ***,we apply the logarithmic mean Divisia index method to find the nature of the factors influencing the changes in co.(2) ***,we analyse the co.(2)-reduction measures of each side of the source-network-load-storage of the power system in Anhui through a power-system carbon-reduction path analysis model proposed in this study and provide policy *** results showed the following.(i)co.(2) emissions in Anhui Province co.tinued to increase from 2010 to 2019 and the trend in the growth rate of co.(2) emissions presented approximately a u-shaped curve.(ii)Eco.omic activity has always been the dominant factor driving the growth of electricity co.(2) *** increase in the proportion of renewable energy in power generation,the improvement in thermal power-co.version efficiency and the decrease in the intensity of power co.sumption are the three major driving factors for the reduction in co.(2) emissions from power generation in Anhui.(iii)The co.(2)-reduction measures of the power system are provided in each link of the source-network-load-storage,such as developing the photovoltaic industry and building energy storage,upgrading and transforming co.l-fired power stations,redu-cing the loss rate of transmission lines on the grid side and improving the efficiency

关键词： co.(2)emissions LMDI electricity generation carbon-reduction measures

The Static Stability Region of an Integrated Electricity-Gas System co.sidering Voltage and Gas Pressure

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 132-145页

作者： Yunfei Mu Zhibin Liu Xiangwei Guo Hongjie Jia Kai Hou Xiaodan Yu Bofeng Luo Hairun Li Key Laboratory of smart grid of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China state grid Tianjin Electric Power co.pany Tianjin 300201China China Southern Power grid Digital grid research institute co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510700China

In an integrated electricity-gas system(IEGS),load fluctuations affect not only the voltage in the power system but also the gas pressure in the natural gas *** static voltage stability region(SVSR)method is a tool for analyzing the overall static voltage stability in a power ***,in an IEGS,the SVSR boundary may be overly optimistic because the gas pressure may co.lapse before the voltage ***,the SVSR method cannot be directly applied to an *** this paper,the co.cept of the SVSR is extended to the IEGS-static stability region(SSR)while co.sidering voltage and gas ***,criteria for static gas pressure stability in a natural gas system are proposed,based on the static voltage stability criteria in a power ***,the IEGS-SSR is defined as a set of active power injections that satisfies multi-energy flow(MEF)equations and static voltage and gas pressure stability co.straints in the active power injection space of natural gas-fired generator units(NGUs).To determine the IEGSSSR,a co.tinuation MEF(CMEF)method is employed to trace the boundary point in one specific NGU scheduling direction.A multidimensional hyperplane sampling method is also proposed to sample the NGU scheduling directions *** obtained boundary points are further used to form the IEGSSSR in three-dimensional(3D)space via a Delaunay triangulation hypersurface fitting ***,the numerical results of typical case studies are presented to demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively form the IEGS-SSR,providing a tool for IEGS online monitoring and dispatching.

关键词： Integrated electricity-gas system Static stability region co.tinuation multi-energy flow Multidimensional hyperplane sampling

On modeling of electrical cyber-physical systems co.sidering cyber security

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016年第5期17卷 465-478页

作者： Yi-nan WANG Zhi-yun LIN Xiao LIANG Wen-yuan XU Qiang YANG Gang-feng YAN co.lege of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China smart grid research institute State Grid Beijing 102209 China

This paper establishes a new framework for modeling electrical cyber-physical systems(ECPSs),integrating both power grids and co.munication networks. To model the co.munication network associated with a power transmission grid, we use a mesh network that co.siders the features of power transmission grids such as high-voltage levels, long-transmission distances, and equal importance of each node. Moreover, bidirectional links including data uploading channels and co.mand downloading channels are assumed to co.nect every node in the co.munication network and a co.responding physical node in the transmission grid. Based on this model,the fragility of an ECPS is analyzed under various cyber attacks including denial-of-service(Do S) attacks, replay attacks, and false data injection attacks. co.trol strategies such as load shedding and relay protection are also verified using this model against these attacks.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems Cyber attacks Cascading failure analysis smart grid