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Evolution hydrothermal aging resistance mechanism study of zirconium and manganese doped CeO2 catalysts in soot catalytic combustion based on low Miller indices crystal surface effect

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1272-1281页

作者： Zonglin Li Pan Wang Hong Ni Chengcheng Ao Lidong Zhang Hefeng Zhang Kai Li School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu University state environmental protection key laboratory of vehicle emission control and simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science National Synchrotron Radiation laboratory University of Science and Technology of China

The thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） experiments were carried out to reveal the mechanism of Zr and Mn doping on catalytic activity of CeO2catalyst both fresh and after hydrothermal aging,and the lattice morphology and valence changes were characterized by means of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）method,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,and H2-temperature programmed reduction（H2-TPR）.Density functional theory（DFT） and molecular thermodynamics calculations were applied to investigate the change in catalytic activity,crystal surface energy and crystal morphology caused by hydrothermal aging.The maximum reaction rate temperature of fresh Mn/CeO2（389℃） is similar to that of CeO2（371℃） and lower than that of Zr/CeO2（447℃）,but the catalytic performance of CeO2decreases more severely after hydrothermal aging.The catalyst crystals show different degrees of crystal surface migration after hydrothermal aging,which leads to the reduction of Ce3+/Ce4+ratio and the active sites shift.DFT calculations indicate that the doping of Zr and Mn reduces the surface energy of the low Miller indices surface and increases the oxygen vacancy formation energy,leading to better thermal stability and lower catalytic activity.The Zr and Mn doping also changes the adsorption energy and Gibbs free energy of H2O,which dominates the migration of（1 1 1） to（1 1 0） and（1 0 0） in the vapor environment.The crystal surface migration mechanism of CeO2catalysts doped with Zr and Mn induced by H2O molecules at high temperature obtained in this study can provide a valuable addition to the regeneration of CeO2catalysts in the after-treatment systems of diesel engines.

关键词： CDPF CeO2-based catalyst DFT calculations Rare earth metal oxides Soot

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The risk factors and threshold level of subchronic inhalation exposure of reclaimed water

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 639-650页

作者： Jiayang Kong Yun Lu Yunru Ren Menghao Chen Gang Liu Liangliang Shi state key Joint laboratory of Environment simulation and Pollution control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Inhalation of reclaimed water is known to cause lung infammation,and free endotoxins have been shown to be a major risk factor for acute exposure.Subchronic exposure has also been shown to induce infammatory responses with visible tissue damage.However,subchronic risk factors have yet to be identified,and a threshold for the protection of occupational populations during urban reuse is necessary.In this study,potential risk factors in reclaimed water were examined by subchronic exposure with fractionated reclaimed water,and the health risk threshold was tested with a series of diluted reclaimed water.Accordingly,following a 12-week exposure,macromolecules and microorganisms were found to be two major risk factors in reclaimed water that could cause pulmonary infammation,including increased proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar fuid,formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue,and elevation of Immunoglobulin A levels.Moreover,infammation persisted after a 4-week recovery period.The calculated threshold of reclaimed water exposure for mice was 31.8 Endotoxin Unit(EU)/(kg·day)under when exposed to 50%additional relative humidity from reclaimed water at 25℃ for 2 hr/day.Meanwhile,the subchronic threshold estimate for humans under the same exposure conditions was found to be 12.2 EU/(kg·day),corresponding to endotoxin levels of 61.7 EU/mL in reclaimed water.The threshold level of endotoxin was lower than that in most non-potable reclaimed water.The findings of this study suggest that occupational exposure of reclaimed water can serve as a potential risk to workers.

关键词： Reclaimed water Inhalation exposure Risk factor Threshold Infammation Endotoxin

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A global perspective on microbial risk factors in effluents of wastewater treatment plants

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 227-235页

作者： Kejing Chen Jinsong Liang Yuhan Wang Yechen Tao Yun Lu Aijie Wang School of Civil and environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Guohuan environmental protection Technology Development Co. LTD.Shenzhen 518055China state key Joint laboratory of environmental simulation and Pollution control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Effective monitoring and management of microbial risk factors in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)effluents require a comprehensive investigation of these risks.A global survey on microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents could reveal important insights into their risk features.This study aims to explore the abundance and types of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),virulence factor genes(VFGs),the vector of ARG/VFG,and dominant pathogens in global WWTP effluents.We collected 113 metagenomes of WWTP effluents from the Sequence Read Archive of the National Center for Biotechnology Information and characterized the microbial risk factors.Our results showed that multidrug resistance was the dominant ARG type,while offensive virulence factors were the most abundant type of VFGs.The most dominant types of ARGs in the vector of plasmid and phage were both aminoglycoside resistance,which is concerning as aminoglycosides are often a last resort for treating multi-resistant infections.Acinetobacter baumannii was the most dominant pathogen,rather than Escherichia coli,and a weak negative correlation between Escherichia coli and two other dominant pathogens(Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacteroides uniformis)suggests that using Escherichia coli as a biological indicator for all pathogens in WWTP effluents may not be appropriate.The Getah virus was the most dominant virus found in global WWTP effluents.Our study presents a comprehensive global-scale investigation of microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents,providing valuable insights into the potential risks associated with WWTP effluents and contributing to the monitoring and control of these risks.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant Microbial risk factor Effluent Pathogen Antibiotic resistance gene Virulence factor gene

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Challenges and perspectives of air pollution control in China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 9-16页

作者： Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jiming Hao state key Joint laboratory of environmental simulation and Pollution control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China state environmental protection key laboratory of Sources and control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Air pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in the world.China has achieved remarkable success in improving air quality in last decade as a result of aggressive air pollution control policies.However,the average fine particulate matter(PM2.5)concentration in China is still about six times of the World Health Organization(WHO)Global Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and causing significant human health risks.Extreme emission reductions of multiple air pollutants are required for China to achieve the AQG.Here we identify the major challenges in future air quality improvement and propose corresponding control strategies.The main challenges include the persistently high health risk attributed to PM2.5 pollution,the excessively loose air quality standards,and coordinated control of air pollution,greenhouse gases(GHGs)emissions and emerging pollutants.To further improve air quality and protect human health,a health-oriented air pollution control strategy shall be implemented by tightening the air quality standards as well as optimizing emission reduction pathways based on the health risks of various sources.In the meantime,an“oneatmosphere”concept shall be adopted to strengthen the synergistic control of air pollutants and GHGs and the control of non-combustion sources and emerging pollutants shall be enhanced.

关键词： Air pollution China Health impact Air quality standards GHGs Emerging pollutants

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A probe into the acid deposition mitigation path in China over the last four decades and beyond

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 84-92页

作者： Qian Yu Xiaodong Ge Haotian Zheng Jia Xing Lei Duan Dongwei Lv Dian Ding Zhaoxin Dong Yisheng Sun Posch Maximilian Danni Xie Yu Zhao Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jan Mulder Thorj?rn Larssen Jiming Hao state key laboratory of environmental simulation and Pollution control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University state key laboratory of Pollution control &Resource Reuse and School of the Environment Nanjing University state environmental protection key laboratory of Sources and control of Air Pollution Complex School of EnvironmentTsinghua University International Institute for Applied System Analysis(IIASA) School of Land Engineering Chang'an University Faculty of environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norwegian Institute for Water Research

China currently has the highest acid deposition globally, yet research on its status, impacts, causes and controls is lacking. Here, we compiled data and calculated critical loads regarding acid deposition. The results showed that the abatement measures in China have achieved a sharp decline in the emissions of acidifying pollutants and a continuous recovery of precipitation p H, despite the drastic growth in the economy and energy consumption. However, the risk of ecological acidification and eutrophication showed no significant decrease. With similar emission reductions, the decline in areas at risk of acidification in China(7.0%) lags behind those in Europe(20%) or the USA(15%). This was because, unlike Europe and the USA, China's abatement strategies primarily target air quality improvement rather than mitigating ecological impacts. Given that the area with the risk of eutrophication induced by nitrogen deposition remained at 13%of the country even under the scenario of achieving the dual targets of air quality and carbon dioxide mitigation in 2035, we explored an enhanced ammonia abatement pathway. With a further 27% reduction in ammonia by 2035, China could largely eliminate the impacts of acid deposition. This research serves as a valuable reference for China's future acid deposition control and for other nations facing similar challenges.

关键词： acid deposition critical loads acidification eutrophication ammonia abatement

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A passive sampler for synchronously measuring inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater:Configuration and field application

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 201-212页

作者： Pei Lei Mingying Chen Nan Rong Wenzhong Tang Hong Zhang School of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China state key laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China South China Institute of environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510530China state environmental protection key laboratory of Water environmental simulation and Pollution control Guangzhou 510530China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In situ measurement of multiple pollutants coexisting in sediment porewater is an essential step in comprehensively assessing the bioavailability and risk of pollutants,but to date,this needs to be better developed.In this study,a passive sampler,consisting of an“I-shaped”supporting frame and inorganic/organic sampling units,incorporating equilibrium dialysis theory and kinetic/equilibrium sorption principle,was developed for the synchronous measurement of inorganic(e.g.,phosphorus and metal(loid)s)and organic pollutants(e.g.,parent and substituted PAHs).The equilibrium time and sampling rates were explored in laboratory tests to support in situ application.Profiles of pollutants in porewater within a vertical resolution of centimeters,i.e.,1 cm and 2 cm for inorganic and organic pollutants,respectively,were obtained by field deployment of the sampler for further estimation of diffusive fluxes across the sediment-water interface.The results suggested that the role of sediments for a specific pollutant may change(e.g.,from“sink”to“source”)during the sampling time.This study demonstrated the feasibility of synchronous measurement of inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater by the passive sampler.In addition,it provided new insight for further investigation into the combined pollution effects of various pollutants in sediments.

关键词： Passive sampling Bioavailability Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Combined pollution Diffusive flux

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Effects of acid deposition control in China:a review based on responses of subtropical forests

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 115-126页

作者： Danni Xie Xiaodong Ge Lei Duan Jan Mulder School of Land Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China state key laboratory of environmental simulation and Pollution control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China state environmental protection key laboratory of Sources and control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Faculty of environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesBox 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway

For many decades,acid deposition used to pose a significant regional air pollution challenge in China.After substantial emission control of anthropogenically derived sulfur and nitrogen containing gasses,both sulfur and nitrogen deposition,as well as the acid rain-affected area,have significantly decreased compared to their peak levels.Forests,particularly in the humid subtropics,are sensitive to acid deposition,as evidenced by soil acidification,sulfate and nitrate leaching in stream water,and elevated soil nitrous oxide emission.Reduction in the total deposition of sulfur and nitrogen,caused a significant decline in sulfate and nitrate leaching from subtropical forest and subsequently in sulfate and nitrate concentrations in stream water,although there was about a 5-year delay.This delay may be attributed to the desorption of accumulated sulfate and continued elevated mineralization of accumulated nitrogen pools.emissions of nitrous oxide,a potent greenhouse gas,also declined in nitrogen-saturated subtropical forest soils,as soil water nitrate concentration decreased.Therefore,subtropical forests in China suffering from elevated acid deposition have begun to recover.Yet,the current levels of sulfur and nitrogen deposition continue to exceed the critical loads,i.e.,the assigned threshold levels in accordance with emission control policies,in more than 10%of the country’s land area,respectively,indicating remaining risks of acidification and eutrophication.Thus,further emission reductions are urgently needed,also because they will help achieving goals related to air quality and nitrous oxide emissions.

关键词： Acidification Critical load Nitrous oxide Surface water chemistry Recovery

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Impacts of electrochemical disinfection on the viability and structure of the microbiome in secondary effluent water

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 73-83页

作者： Marvin Yeung Lan Tian Yuhong Liu Hairong Wang Jinying Xi environmental simulation and Pollution control state key Joint laboratory School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China

Electrochemical disinfection(ECD)is a promising disinfection technique for wastewater reclamation;however,the impacts of ECD on the microbiome in secondary effluent wastewater remain unknown.In this study,Propidium monoazide-qPCR(PMA-qPCR)and the plate count method were used to evaluate the inactivation performance,and the PMA-16S rRNA gene sequences of living cells were targeted to study the microbiome.A discrepancy was found between PMA-qPCR and the plate count method in the evaluation of cell count,with increases of 1.5 to 2.2 orders of magnitude in the disinfection rate after 150 s of disinfection.However,the cell count recovered and occasionally exceeded original levels within 3 d after disinfection.Biodiversity was suppressed after ECD,but the microbiome after 150 s disinfection retained a higher level of evenness and stability in the community with a median Shannon index(>3.7).Pathogenic bacteria remained high in relative abundance even after 150 s of 25 V disinfection,but the biofilm-forming population was effectively suppressed by ECD.The co-occurrence network revealed a centralized and fragile network as disinfection persisted,demonstrating the destabilizing effects of ECD on the microbiome.Functional pathways for cell membrane synthesis and organic compound degradation were enriched after ECD.The reaction of the microbiome after ECD was similar to other disinfection techniques in terms of community structure.

关键词： Electrochemical disinfection Secondary effluent Microbiome

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laboratory studies on the infectivity of human respiratory viruses:Experimental conditions,detections,and resistance to the atmospheric environment

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 471-483页

作者： Yaohao Hu Shuyi Peng Bojiang Su Tao Wang Juying Lin Wei Sun Xiaodong Hu Guohua Zhang Xinming Wang Ping'an Peng Xinhui Bi state key laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of environmental protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint laboratory for environmental Pollution and control Guangzhou 510640China

The environmental stability of infectious viruses in the laboratory setting is crucial to the transmission potential of human respiratory viruses.Different experimental techniques or conditions used in studies over the past decades have led to diverse understandings and predictions for the stability of viral infectivity in the atmospheric environment.In this paper,we review the current knowledge on the effect of simulated atmospheric conditions on the infectivity of respiratory viruses,mainly focusing on influenza viruses and coronaviruses,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.First,we summarize the impact of the experimental conditions on viral stability;these involve the methods of viral aerosol generation,storage during aging and collection,the virus types and strains,the suspension matrixes,the initial inoculum volumes and concentrations,and the drying process.Second,we summarize and discuss the detection methods of viral infectivity and their disadvantages.Finally,we integrate the results from the reviewed studies to obtain an overall understanding of the effects of atmospheric environmental conditions on the decay of infectious viruses,especially aerosolized viruses.Overall,this review highlights the knowledge gaps in predicting the ability of viruses to maintain infectivity during airborne transmission.

关键词： Respiratory viruses Viral infectivity laboratory simulation Atmospheric environmental condition Airborne transmission

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Nutrient transport following water transfer through the world's largest water diversion channel

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 703-714页

作者： Yuanhui Cheng Hong Zhang Wei Yin state key laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China Changjiang Water Resources protection Institute Wuhan 430051China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nutrient levels in the artificial channel constructed for the Middle Route Project are significant indicators of water quality safety and aquatic ecological integrity for this large,interbasin scheme.However,the distribution and transport of nutrients along the channel were poorly understood.Based on a time-series dataset as well as mass balance and material flow analysis methods,the water and nutrient transport fluxes in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were identified in this study.The results indicate that the nutrient concentrations varied considerably with time,but there was no significant difference among the 30 stations of the main channel.Seasonal temperature difference was the major factor in the large fluctuations of water quality indicators over time.The nutrient loadings varied with the water volume outputs from the main channel to the waterreceiving cities.Atmospheric deposition was an important source of nutrients in the main channel,accounting for 9.13%,20.6%,and 0.635%of the nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur input from the Danjiangkou Reservoir,respectively.In 2021,a net accumulation of 988 tons of N,29 tons of P,and 2,540 tons of S,respectively,were present in the main channel.The increase of these external and internal nutrient loadings would cause water quality fluctuation and deterioration in some local sections of the main channel.Our study quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient transport in the Middle Route and revealed the ecological effects on the aquatic environment,assisting authorities on the project to develop effective water conservation strategies.

关键词： Nutrient transport Spatiotemporal patterns The Middle Route The South-to-North Diversion Project Hydro-ecological effects Water-receiving cities

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