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Evaluating the performance and influencing factors of three portable black carbon monitors for field measurement

Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 320-333页

作者： Liqing Wu Yicheng Shen Fei Che Yuzhe Zhang Jian Gao Chong Wang state key laboratory of environmental Criteria and risk assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Ecological environmental protection Grid-Based Supervision Center Jinan 250013China

Black carbon(BC)is associated with adverse human health and climate change.Mapping BC spatial distribution imperatively requires low-cost and portable devices.Several portable BC monitors are commercially available,but their accuracy and reliability are not always satisfactory during continuous field observation.This study evaluated three models of portable black carbon monitors,C12,MA350 and DST,and investigates the factors that affect their performance.The monitors were tested in urban Beijing,where portable devices running for one month alongside a regular-size reference aethalometer AE33.The study considers several factors that could influence the monitors'performance,including ambient weather,aerosol composition,loading artifacts,and built-in algorithms.The results show that MA350and DST present considerable discrepancies to the reference instrument,mainly occurring at lower concentrations(0-500 ng/m^(3))and higher concentrations(2500-8000 ng/m^(3)),respectively.These discrepancies were likely caused by the anomalous noise of MA350 and the loading artifacts of DST.The study also suggests that the ambient environment has limited influence on the monitors'performance,but loading artifacts and accompanying compensation algorithms can result in unrealistic data.Based on the evaluation,the study suggests that C12 is the best choice for unsupervised field measurement,DST should be used in scenarios where frequent maintenance is available,and MA350 is suitable for research purposes with post-processing applicable.The study highlights the importance of assigning portable BC monitors to appropriate applications and the need for optimized real-time compensation algorithms.

关键词： Black carbon Aethalometer Loading artifact Performance evaluation Portable device

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A global perspective on microbial risk factors in effluents of wastewater treatment plants

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 227-235页

作者： Kejing Chen Jinsong Liang Yuhan Wang Yechen Tao Yun Lu Aijie Wang School of Civil and environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Guohuan environmental protection Technology Development Co. LTD.Shenzhen 518055China state key Joint laboratory of environmental Simulation and pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Effective monitoring and management of microbial risk factors in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)effluents require a comprehensive investigation of these risks.A global survey on microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents could reveal important insights into their risk features.This study aims to explore the abundance and types of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),virulence factor genes(VFGs),the vector of ARG/VFG,and dominant pathogens in global WWTP effluents.We collected 113 metagenomes of WWTP effluents from the Sequence Read Archive of the National Center for Biotechnology Information and characterized the microbial risk factors.Our results showed that multidrug resistance was the dominant ARG type,while offensive virulence factors were the most abundant type of VFGs.The most dominant types of ARGs in the vector of plasmid and phage were both aminoglycoside resistance,which is concerning as aminoglycosides are often a last resort for treating multi-resistant infections.Acinetobacter baumannii was the most dominant pathogen,rather than Escherichia coli,and a weak negative correlation between Escherichia coli and two other dominant pathogens(Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacteroides uniformis)suggests that using Escherichia coli as a biological indicator for all pathogens in WWTP effluents may not be appropriate.The Getah virus was the most dominant virus found in global WWTP effluents.Our study presents a comprehensive global-scale investigation of microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents,providing valuable insights into the potential risks associated with WWTP effluents and contributing to the monitoring and control of these risks.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant Microbial risk factor Effluent Pathogen Antibiotic resistance gene Virulence factor gene

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Visible light-driven oxidation of non-native substrate by laccase attached on Ru-based metal-organic frameworks

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 741-753页

作者： Wenguang Huang Wentao Zhang Guantongyi Chen Yun Chen Jun Ma Dawei Huang Qinzheng Zhaoc Bingdang Wu state environmental protection key laboratory of environmental pollution health risk assessment South China Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Ecology and Environment of PRCGuangzhou 510655China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China School of environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215002China key laboratory of Suzhou Sponge City Technology Suzhou 215002China

Light-induced electron transfer can broaden the substrate range of metalloenzyme.However,the efficiency of photo-enzyme coupling is limited by the poor combination of photosensitizer or photocatalyst with enzyme.Herein,we prepared the nano-photocatalyst MIL-125-NH_(2)@Ru(bpy)by in site embedding ruthenium pyridine-diimine complex[Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)into metal organic frameworks MIL-125-NH_(2)and associated it with multicopper oxidase(MCO)laccase.Compared to[Ru(bpy)_(3)]^(2+),the coupling efficiency of MIL-125-NH_(2)@Ru(bpy)_(3)for enzymatic oxygen reduction increased by 35.7%.A series of characterizations confirmed that the amino group of laccase formed chemical bonds with the surface defects or hydrophobic groups of MIL-125-NH_(2)@Ru(bpy)_(3).Consequently,the tight binding accelerated the quenching process and electron transfer between laccase and the immobilized ruthenium pyridine-diimine complex.This work would open an avenue for the synthesis of MOFs photocatalyst towards photo-enzyme coupling.

关键词： Laccase Light-driven biocatalysis Ruthenium photocatalyst Metal-organic frameworks Enzyme immobilization

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Degradation behaviors of Nabumetone and its metabolite during UV/monochloramine process:Experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 103-114页

作者： Xiang Tu Yunsong Bai Qing Fu Sheng Chang Kunfeng Zhang Yang Pan Ruiyang Xiao Yifu Fu Qi Zhang state key laboratory of environmental Criteria and risk assessment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source ProtectionResearch Centre of Lake EnvironmentNational Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological RestorationChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China Institute of environmental Engineering School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China

This study investigated degradation behaviors of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Nabumetone(NMT)and its major metabolite 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid(MNA)in the coupling process of ultraviolet and monochloramine(UV/NH2Cl).The second-order rate constants of the contaminants reacting with reactive radicals(HO·,Cl·,Cl_(2)·-,and CO_(3)·^(-))were determined by laser flash photolysis experiments.HO·and Cl·contributed predominantly with 52.3%and 21.7%for NMT degradation and 60.8%and 22.3%for MNA degradation.The presence of chlorides retarded the degradation of NMT,while promoted the destruction of MNA,which was ascribed to the photosensitization effects of MNA under UV irradiation.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that radical adduct formation(RAF)was dominant pathway for both HO·and Cl·reacting with the contaminants,and hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)preferred to occur on side chains of NMT and MNA.NMT reacted with NO_(2)·through single electron transfer(SET)with the second-order rate constant calculated to be 5.35×10^(7)(mol/L)^(-1)sec^(-1),and the contribution of NO_(2)·was predicted to be 13.0%of the total rate constant of NMT in pure water,which indicated that NO_(2)·played a nonnegligible role in the degradation of NMT.The acute toxicity and developmental toxicity of NMT were enhanced after UV/NH_(2)Cl treatment,while those of MNA were alleviated.The transformation products of both NMT and MNA exhibited higher mutagenicity than their parent compounds.This study provides a deep understanding of the mechanism of radical degradation of NMT and MNA in the treatment of UV/NH2Cl.

关键词： UV/NH_(2)Cl Reactive species Degradation kinetics Reaction mechanism Degradation products

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Toward a rapid and convenient nanoplastic quantification method in laboratory-scale study based on fluorescence intensity

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 117-126页

作者： Ruiqi Yan Sen Lin Qian Ding Lei Zhang Xia Yu Wentao Zhao Qian Sui state environmental protection key laboratory of environmental risk assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China state key laboratory of pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Shanghai Institute of pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092China

The thorough investigation of nanoplastics(NPs)in aqueous environments requires efficient and expeditious quantitative analytical methods that are sensitive to environmentally relevant NP concentrations and convenient to employ.Optical analysis-based quantitative methods have been acknowledged as effective and rapid approaches for quantifying NP concentrations in laboratory-scale studies.Herein,we compared three commonly used optical response indicators,namely fluorescence intensity(FI),ultraviolet absorbance,and turbidity,to assess their performance in quantifying NPs.Furthermore,orthogonal experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of various water quality parameters on the preferred indicator-based quantification method.The results revealed that FI exhibits the highest correlation coefficient(>0.99)with NP concentration.Notably,the limit of quantification(LOQ)for various types of NPs is exceptionally low,ranging from 0.0089 to 0.0584 mg/L in ultrapure water,well below environmentally relevant concentrations.Despite variations in water quality parameters such as pH,salinity,suspended solids(SS),and humic acid,a robust relationship between detectable FI and NP concentration was identified.However,an increased matrix,especially SS in water samples,results in an enhanced LOQ for NPs.Nevertheless,the quantitative method remains applicable in real water bodies,especially in drinking water,with NP LOQ as low as 0.0157–0.0711 mg/L.This exceeds the previously reported detectable concentration for 100 nm NPs at 40µg/mL using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.This study confirms the potential of FI as a reliable indicator for the rapid quantification of NPs in aqueous environments,offering substantial advantages in terms of both convenience and cost-effectiveness.

关键词： Nanoplastic quantification Fluorescence intensity Drinking water Limit of quantification(LOQ) Matrix effects

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Multi-endpoint assays reveal more severe toxicity induced by chloraminated effluent organic matter than chloraminated natural organic matter

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 310-317页

作者： Hai-Yan Wang De-Xiu Wu Ye Du Xiao-Tong Lv Qian-Yuan Wu state key laboratory of environmental Criteria and risk assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China environmental protection key laboratory of Microorganism Application and risk Control Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental SafetyTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610000China

Disinfection by chloramination produces toxic byproducts and the difference in toxicity of reclaimed and drinking water treated by chloramination remains unclear.This study investigated cytotoxic effects at the same concentrations of dissolved organic matter and showed that chloraminated effluent organic matter(EfOM)induced 1.7 times higher cytotoxicity than chloraminated natural organic matter(NOM)applied to simulate drinking water.Chloraminated EfOM induced more reactive nitrogen species than chloraminated NOM,and chloraminated EfOM and NOM induced similar and higher levels of reactive oxygen species than the negative control,respectively.Consequently,intracellular macromolecule damage indicated by DNA/RNA damage marker 8–hydroxy-(deoxy)guanosine and the intracellular protein carbonyl concentration induced by chloraminated EfOM was higher and slightly more than that induced by chloraminated NOM,respectively.These data were consistent with the effects on cell physiological processes.Cell cycle arrest mainly occurred in G2 phase by chloraminated EfOM and NOM.Early apoptotic cells,which could return to normal,increased upon exposure to high concentrations of chloraminated EfOM and NOM.Moreover,necrotic cells were significantly increased from 0.5%to 2.5%when the concentration increased from 20-to 60-fold chloraminated EfOM,but were not obviously changed by chloraminated NOM.These results indicated that the comprehensive intracellular changes induced by toxic substances in chloraminated EfOM were more irreversible and induced more cell death than chloraminated NOM.

关键词： Cytotoxicity Intracellular active nitrogen/oxygen Intracellular oxidative damage Cell necrosis Reclaimed water

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Research on ozone formation sensitivity based on observational methods:Development history,methodology,and application and prospects in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 543-560页

作者： Wanghui Chu Hong Li Yuanyuan Ji Xin Zhang Likun Xue Jian Gao Cong An state key laboratory of environmental Criteria and risk assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Observation-based method for O_(3)formation sensitivity research is an important tool to analyze the causes of ground-level O_(3)pollution,which has broad application potentials in determining the O_(3)pollution formation mechanism and developing prevention and control strategies.This paper outlined the development history of research on O_(3)formation sensitivity based on observational methods,described the principle and applicability of the methodology,summarized the relative application results in China and provided recommendations on the prevention and control of O_(3)pollution in China based on relevant study results,and finally pointed out the shortcomings and future development prospects in this field in China.The overview study showed that the O_(3)formation sensitivity in some urban areas in China in recent years presented a gradual shifting tendency from the VOC-limited regime to the transition regime or the NO_(x)-limited regime due to the implementation of the O_(3)precursors emission reduction policies;O_(3)pollution control strategies and precursor control countermeasures should be formulated based on local conditions and the dynamic control capability of O_(3)pollution control measures should be improved.There are still some current deficiencies in the study field in China.Therefore,it is recommended that a stereoscopic monitoring network for atmospheric photochemical components should be further constructed and improved;the atmospheric chemical mechanisms should be vigorously developed,and standardized methods for determining the O_(3)formation sensitivity should be established in China in the near future.

关键词： Observation-based method Ozone formation sensitivity Ozone pollution prevention and control VOCs NO_(x) OBM

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Challenges and perspectives of air pollution control in China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 9-16页

作者： Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jiming Hao state key Joint laboratory of environmental Simulation and pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China state environmental protection key laboratory of Sources and Control of Air pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Air pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in the world.China has achieved remarkable success in improving air quality in last decade as a result of aggressive air pollution control policies.However,the average fine particulate matter(PM2.5)concentration in China is still about six times of the World health Organization(WHO)Global Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and causing significant human health risks.Extreme emission reductions of multiple air pollutants are required for China to achieve the AQG.Here we identify the major challenges in future air quality improvement and propose corresponding control strategies.The main challenges include the persistently high health risk attributed to PM2.5 pollution,the excessively loose air quality standards,and coordinated control of air pollution,greenhouse gases(GHGs)emissions and emerging pollutants.To further improve air quality and protect human health,a health-oriented air pollution control strategy shall be implemented by tightening the air quality standards as well as optimizing emission reduction pathways based on the health risks of various sources.In the meantime,an“oneatmosphere”concept shall be adopted to strengthen the synergistic control of air pollutants and GHGs and the control of non-combustion sources and emerging pollutants shall be enhanced.

关键词： Air pollution China health impact Air quality standards GHGs Emerging pollutants

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Source apportionment and suitability evaluation of seasonal VOCs contaminants in the soil around a typical refining-chemical integration park in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 651-663页

作者： Xu Zhao Jing Meng Qianqian Li Guijin Su Qifan Zhang Bin Shi Lingwen Dai Yong Yu key laboratory of environmental Nanotechnology and health Effects State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China state environmental protection key laboratory of Quality Control in environmental Monitoring China National Environmental Monitoring CenterBeijing 100012China

Accurate source apportionment of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in soil nearby petrochemical industries prevailing globally,is critical for preventing pollution.However,in the process,seasonal effect on contamination pathways and accumulation of soil VOCs is often neglected.Herein,Yanshan Refining-Chemical Integration Park,including a carpet,refining,synthetic rubber,and two synthetic resin zones,was selected for traceability.Season variations resulted in a gradual decrease of 31 VOCs in soil from winter to summer.A method of dry deposition resistance model coupling partitioning coefficient model was created,revealing that dry deposition by gas phase was the primary pathway for VOCs to enter soil in winter and spring,with 100 times higher fux than by particle phase.Source profiles for five zones were built by gas sampling with distinct substance indicators screened,which were used for positive matrix factorization factors determination.Contributions of the five zones were 14.9%,20.8%,13.6%,22.1%,and 28.6%in winter and 33.4%,12.5%,10.7%,24.9%,and 18.5%in spring,respectively.The variation in the soil sorption capacity of VOCs causes inter-seasonal differences in contribution.The better correlation between dry deposition capacity and soil storage of VOCs made root mean square and mean absolute errors decrease averagely by 8.8%and 5.5%in winter compared to spring.This study provides new perspectives and methods for the source apportionment of soil VOCs contamination in industrial sites.

关键词： Dry deposition resistance model Positive matrix factorization model Partitioning coefficient model Contamination pathway Source profile

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laboratory and field evaluation of a low-cost optical particle sizer

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 215-225页

作者： Mingzhen Tang Yicheng Shen Yanzhen Ge Jian Gao Chong Wang Liqing Wu Shuchun Si state key laboratory of environmental Criteria and risk assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Grid-Based Supervision Center of Ecological and environmental protection Jinan 250100China Tai’an Ecological Environment protection Control Center Tai’an 271000China School of Physics Shandong UniversityJinan 250013China

Low-cost sensors are widely used to collect high-spatial-resolution particulate matter data that traditional reference monitoring devices cannot.In addition to the mass concentration,the number concentration and size distribution are also fundamental in determining the origin and hazard level of particulate pollution.Therefore,low-cost optical sensors have been improved to establish optical particle sizers(OPSs).In this study,a low-cost OPS,the Nova SDS029,is introduced,and it is evaluated in comparison to two reference instruments—the GRIMM 11-D and the TSI 3330.We first tested the sizing accuracy using polystyrene latex spheres.Then,we assessed the mass and number size distribution accuracy in three application scenarios:indoor smoking,ambient air quality,and mobile monitoring.The evaluations suggest that the low-cost SDS029 rivals research-grade optical sizers in many aspects.For example,(1)the particle diameters obtained with the SDS029 are close to the reference instruments(usuallyrisk levels of particles at the city scale.

关键词： Optical particle sizer Particle size distribution Low-cost sensor Evaluation Field application

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