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MEIC-global-CO_(2):A new global CO_(2)emission inventory with highly-resolved source category and sub-country information

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 450-465页

作者： Ruochong XU Dan TONG Qingyang XIAO Xinying QIN Cuihong CHEN Liu YAN Jing CHENG Can CUI Hanwen HU Wenyu LIU Xizhe YAN Huaxuan WANG Xiaodong LIU Guannan GENG Yu LEI Dabo GUAN Kebin HE Qiang ZHANG Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China state key Joint laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Beijing100041China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

CO_(2)emission inventory provides fundamental data for climate research and emission ***,most global CO_(2)emission inventories were developed with energy statistics from International Energy Agency(IEA)and were available at country level with limited source ***,as the first step toward a high-resolution and dynamic updated global CO_(2)emission database,we developed a data-driven approach to construct seamless and highly-resolved energy consumption data cubes for 208 countries/territories,797 sub-country administrative divisions in 29 countries,42 fuel types,and 52 sectors,with the fusion of activity data from 24 international statistics and 65 regional/local *** CO_(2)emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in 1970–2021 were then estimated with highly-resolved source category(1,484 of total)and sub-country information(797 of total).Specifically,73%of global CO_(2)emissions in 2021 were estimated with sub-country information,providing considerably improved spatial resolution for global CO_(2)emission *** the support of detailed information,the dynamics of global CO_(2)emissions across sectors and fuel types were presented,representing the evolution of global economy and progress of climate *** differences of sectoral contribution were found across sub-country administrative divisions within a given country,revealing the uneven distribution of energy and economic structure among different *** estimates were generally consistent with existing databases at aggregated level for global total or large emitters,while large discrepancies were observed for middle and small *** database,named the Multiresolution Emission Inventory model for Climate and air pollution research(MEIC)is publicly available through http://*** with highly-resolved information and timely update,which provides an independent carbon emission accounting data source for climate rese

关键词： CO_(2)emissions Data-driven approach Highly-resolved source category Sub-country information

Protection of Total Flavonoid Fraction from Nervilia fordii on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

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chinese Herbal medicines 2012年第4期4卷 287-293页

作者： HUANG Ming-qing XIE You-liang LAI Xiao-ping LIN Ling XU Yin-ji LU Jin-jian CHEN Xiu-ping College of Pharmacy Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhou 350108China Institute of Drug research and Development Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510405China Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditiona lchinese medicine Guangzhou 510120China state key laboratory of quality rese arch in chinese medicine University of MacaoMacao 999078China

Objective To investigate the effects of total flavonoid fraction(TFF) from Nervilia fordii on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in rats,and to explore their protective *** LPS-induced ALI model was established by LPS(5 mg/kg) injection via left cervical *** samples were collected from the cervical artery of all rats at 5 and 6 h after LPS challenge for arterial blood gas test and cytokines measurements,and pulmonary microvascular permeability(PMP),lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D),and pathological features were *** Phytochemical study showed that the TFF contained 67.3% of flavonoids expressed in rutin and three flavone *** TFF pretreatment(6.24 and 12.48 mg/kg) attenuated the partial arterial pressure of oxygen decline in blood significantly,and decreased the PMP and lung W/D in ALI *** addition,the TFF(6.24 and 12.48 mg/kg) also ameliorated the LPS-induced lung damages including alveolar edema,neutrophils infiltration,alveolar hemorrhage,and thickening of the alveolar ***,the treatment with the TFF(6.24 and 12.48 mg/kg) also down-regulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),and up-regulated the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in serum of ALI rats *** These results suggest that the TFF could protect LPS-induced ALI in rats,which may be mediated,at least in part,by adjusting the production of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α,IL-6,ICAM-1,and IL-10.

关键词： acute lung injury cytokine Nervilia fordii pulmonary microvascular permeability total flavonoid fraction

Kinematic Features of a Bow Echo in Southern China Observed with Doppler Radar

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第6期30卷 1535-1548页

作者：彭新东张人禾王红艳 state key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

A bow echo is a type of mesoscale convective phenomenon that often induces extreme weather and appears with strong reflectivity on radar images. A strong bow echo that developed from a supercell was observed over Foshan City in southern China on 17 April 2011. The intense gusty winds and showers caused huge losses of property and severely affected human lives. This paper presents an analysis of this strong meso- n-scale convective system based on Doppler radar observations. The isolated bow echo exhibited a horizontal scale of about 80 km in terms of reflectivity above 40 dBZ, and a life span of 8 hours. The system originated from the merging of a couple of weakly organized cells in a shear line, and developed into an arch shape as it moved through the shear zone. Sufficient surface moisture supply ensured the convective instability and development of the bow echo. The low-altitude winds retrieved from single Doppler radar observations showed an obvious rear-inflow jet along the notch area. Different from the conventional definition, no book- end anticyclone was observed throughout the life cycle. Very strong slantwise updrafts and downdrafts were recognizable from the retrieved winds, even though the spatial scale of the bow echo was small. Strong winds and induced damage on the surface are considered to have been caused by the mid-level rear-inflow jet and intense convective downdrafts.

关键词： bow echo kinematic features Doppler radar wind retrieval

Convection and correlation of coherent structure in turbulent boundary layer using tomographic particle image velocimetry

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chinese Physics B 2014年第10期23卷 323-333页

作者：王维管新蕾姜楠 Department of Mechanics Tianjin University Tianjin key laboratory of Modern Engineering Mechanics The state key laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The present experimental work focuses on a new model for space-time correlation and the scale-dependencies of convection velocity and sweep velocity in turbulent boundary layer over a flat wail. A turbulent boundary layer flow at Reo = 2460 is measured by tomographic particle image velocimetry （tomographic PIV）. It is demonstrated that arch, cane, and hairpin vortices are dominant in the logarithmic layer. Hairpins and hairpin packets are responsible for the elongated low-momentum zones observed in the instantaneous flow field. The conditionally-averaged coherent structures systemically illustrate the key roles of hairpin vortice in the turbulence dynamic events, such as ejection and sweep events and energy transport. The space-time correlations of instantaneous streamwise fluctuation velocity are calculated and confirm the new elliptic model for the space-time correlation instead of Taylor hypothesis. The convection velocities derived from the space-time correlation and conditionally-averaged method both suggest the scaling with the local mean velocity in the logarithmic layer. Convection velocity result based on Fourier decomposition （FD） shows stronger scale- dependency in the spanwise direction than in streamwise direction. Compared with FD, the proper orthogonal decomposition （POD） has a distinct distribution of convection velocity for the large- and small-scales which are separated in light of their contributions of turbulent kinetic energy.

关键词： turbulent boundary layer tomographic particle image velocimetry space-time correlation ellipticmodel

Fossil leaves of Berhamniphyllum(Rhamnaceae) from Markam,Tibet and their biogeographic implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第2期63卷 224-234页

作者： Zhekun ZHOU Tengxiang WANG Jian HUANG Jia LIU Weiyudong DENG Shihu LI Chenglong DENG Tao SU key laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbanna 666303China key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China state key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK

A new occurrence of buckthorn fossil leaves is reported from the upper Eocene strata of Markam Basin,southeastern Tibet,*** leaf margin is either entire or slightly *** veins are regularly spaced,forming eucamptodromous *** secondaries exist as straight lines from midvein to near margin and then arch abruptly upward and enter into a margin *** tertiary veins are densely spaced and parallel,and are percurrent to secondary *** leaf architecture conforms with Berhamniphyllum Jones and Dilcher,an extinct fossil genus reported from *** fossils are characterized by their dense secondaries,with secondary veins on the upper half portion of the blade accounting for over 40%of all secondaries.A new species,Berhamniphyllum junrongiae ***,*** et *** ***.,is *** analysis shows that confident assignment among Rhamnidium,Berchemia,and Karwinskia cannot be made based on leaf characters *** might represent an extinct common ancestor of these *** this study,several fossil Berchemia from Yunnan and Shandong are emended and reassigned to Berhamniphyllum.A new complex,namely the Berchemia Complex,is proposed based on morphology,molecular evidence,and the fossil *** complex contains the fossil leaves of Rhamnidium,Karwinskia,Berchemia,and *** historical biogeography of the Berchemia Complex is also discussed in this *** complex might have originated in the late Cretaceous in Colombia,South America,and dispersed to North America via Central America during the ***,the complex moved from North America to East Asia via the Bering Land Bridge no later than the late ***,the complex migrated from North America to Europe via the North Atlantic Land Bridge and then migrated further to *** East Asia,it first appeared in Markam on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and then dispersed to other regions of Asia.

关键词： Berchemia complex Berhamniphyllum Cenozoic Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Biogeography

An experimental study of a novel external fixator based on universal joints for the rapid initial stabilization of mandibular comminuted fractures

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chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第5期27卷 254-262页

作者： Zhi-Qiang Hu Tai-Qiang Dai Lu Zhao Xun Li Xu Gong Hao Jia Hai-Tao Kong Bo-Lei Cai Shi-Ping Chang Lei Tian state key laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Oral and MaxillofacialSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China The 80th Group Army Hospital of PLA Weifang261000Shandong provinceChina The Third Affiliated Hospital The Air Force Military Medical UniversityXi'an710038China state key laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MaterialsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China

Purpose:Shaping and assembling contemporary external fixators rapidly for the severe mandibular fractures remains a challenge,especially in emergency *** designed a novel external fixator that incorporates universal joints to provide the stabilization for mandibular comminuted *** study aims to confirm the efficacy of this novel external fixator through biomechanical tests in vitro and animal ***:In vitro biomechanical tests were conducted using 6 fresh canine with mandibular defect to simulate critical comminuted *** mandibles were stabilized by the novel external fixator and other mandibles were fixed by 2.5 mm reconstruction *** fixed mandibles were subjected to loads of 350 N on the anterior regions of teeth and 550 N on the first molar of the unaffected *** stability was evaluated based on the maximum displacement and the slope of the load-displacement *** animal experiments,9 beagles with comminuted mandibular fractures were divided into 3 groups,which were treated with the novel external fixation,reconstruction plate,and dental arch bar,*** general observation,the changes in animals’weight,and the surgical duration were recorded and compared among 3 *** CT scans were performed at various intervals of 0 day(immediately after the surgery),3 days,7 days,14 days,21 days,and 28 days to analyze the displacement of feature points on the canine mandible and situation of fracture healing at 28 *** statistical significance was assessed by the two-way analysis of variance test followed by the Bonferroni test,enabling multiple comparisons for all tests using GraphPad Prism10.1.0(GraphPad Inc,USA).Results:The outcomes of the biomechanical tests indicated that no statistically significant differences were found in terms of the maximum displacement(p=0.496,0.079)and the slope of load displacement curves(p=0.374,0.349)under 2 load modes between the external and internal fixation grou

关键词： External fixation Mandibular fracture Battle injuries Damage control

PDGF signaling from pharyngeal pouches promotes arch artery morphogenesis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2019年第12期46卷 551-559页

作者： Aihua Mao Mingming Zhang Jie Liu Yu Cao Qiang Wang state key laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

The great vessels of the heart originate from the pharyngeal arch arteries(PAAs).Anomalies of the PAAs often occur together with pharyngeal pouch malfo rmations,but the reasons for this phenomenon are not fully *** the current study,we show that platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)signaling derived from the pharyngeal pouches plays an important function in PAA vasculogenesis,During PAA development in zebrafish embryos,pdgfaa and pdgfab are expressed in the developing pharyngeal *** from loss-of-function experiments revealed a critical role of these genes in PAA *** found that nitroreductase(NTR)-mediated pouch ablation distinctly decreased PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation,yielding a severe loss of ***,pouch-specific overexpression of pdgfaa in pdgfaa-/-;pdgfab-/-mutants significantly relieved the PAA defects,which indicated a primary role of pharyngeal pouch-expressed PDGF ligands in signal activation and PAA *** findings further showed that PDGF signaling was indispensable for the proliferation of PAA ***,these results established a role for PDGFaa-and PDGFab-mediated tissuetissue interaction during PAA development.

关键词： PDGFαa PDGFαb Pharyngeal pouch Pharyngeal arch artery Tissue-tissue interaction Zebrafish

Frictional performance of silicon carbide under different lubrication conditions

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Friction 2014年第1期2卷 58-63页

作者： Xingyu ZHAO Ying LIU Qingfeng WEN Yuming WANG state key laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The frictional performance of materials used in face seals is critical to the sealing *** carbide is commonly used in hard rings because of its abrasion resistance,corrosion resistance,and thermal shock *** this study,the frictional performance of silicon carbide,including graphite-added silicon carbide,under water and lubrication-absent conditions was studied by using a Falex-1506 tribotester and different working *** addition,the morphology of the worn surfaces was observed using scanning electron microscopy and the damage was characterized to understand the tribological behavior of different silicon *** results suggest that the friction coefficients decrease with increasing pressure under water lubrication conditions because of the water within the holes on the surface of the *** percentage of water lubrication increases,whereas the percentage of solid friction decreases when the pressure *** dry contact conditions,the friction coefficients change negligibly with increasing pressure and graphite-added silicon carbide shows better frictional performance.

关键词： Silicon carbide frictional performance water,lubrication wear mechanism

Origin,evolution,and distribution of atmospheric aerosol particles in Asia

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Particuology 2015年第3期13卷 1-2页

作者： Xuexi Tie key laboratory of Aerosol Science and Technology SKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences

In recent years, Asia became the region with the highest increase in rate of urbanization and economic development in the world. According to recent estimates from the United Nations, the world population will increase 36% between 2000 and 2030, leading to a doubling of the number of urban dwellers in less developed regions, like Asia. Such rapid economic development has many associated environmental problems, including development of heavy aerosol pollution over Asia.

关键词： Origin evolution and distribution of atmospheric aerosol particles in Asia