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Analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 299-306页

作者： JiaoJiao Zhang TianRan Sun XiZheng Yu DaLin Li Hang Li JiaQi Guo ZongHua Ding Tao Chen Jian Wu Chi Wang state key laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China key laboratory of Solar Activity and space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China key laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for space Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China China Research Institute of Radio-wave Propagation Qingdao 266075China

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and *** pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp *** uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic *** SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in *** European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar *** has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry *** detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–***,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint *** addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.

关键词： Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar joint detection

Inversion of O_(2) 1.27 μm nightglow emissions: A climatological analysis using satellite Limb-Viewed spectra and Harmonic analysis method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第4期8卷 632-640页

作者： YiYi Sui YaJun Zhu QiuYu Chen MaoSheng He JiYao Xu state key laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China key laboratory of Solar Activity and space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Hainan National Field Science Observation and Research Observatory for space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This study employs a linear inversion algorithm to retrieve volume emission rates(VERs)of molecular O_(2) nightglow at 1.27μm,utilizing Limb-Viewed spectra obtained from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric for CHartographY(SCIAMACHY)payload on board the Envisat *** retrieved results are compared with VERs data from the SABER payload on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED)satellite,exhibiting *** will help to facilitate accurate revelation of spatial distribution and periodic variation in O_(2) *** are extracted monthly within the altitude range of 75-110 km from 2002 to 2012,yielding a climatology of spatial and temporal *** meridional structure exhibits two maxima,at the equator and at 45°*** August and October,the VERs exhibit a meridional bimodal structure,with the weaker one above the equator and the stronger one above 45°*** April,the VERs reach their annual ***,harmonic analysis reveals significant temporal variations on different *** emission shows characteristics of annual and semi-annual variation,and a non-linear long-term trend associated with solar cycle activity.

关键词： VERs O_(2)1.27μm nightglow SCIAMACHY

Extraordinary hot extreme in summer 2022 over the Yangtze River basin modulated by the La Nina condition under global warming

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 21-30页

作者： Zhen LIAO Yu-Feng YUAN Yang CHEN Pan-Mao ZHAI state key laboratory of Severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

A widespread and prolonged hot extreme hit the Yangtze River basin in summer 2022,with 300 sites established new temperature records and nearly 96%stations endured more than 40 hot *** the perspective of the combination effect of the global warming and La Nina condition,potential mechanisms of the hot extreme were *** a record-breaking hot extreme was caused by an extremely strong and westward-shifted western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH).The global warming effect contributed primarily to the abnormal hot days in the Yangtze River basin,coupled with the modulation of the La Nina *** sea surface temperature anomaly pattern under La Nina condition favored more convection activities over the western Pacific,encouraging an enhanced and westward-extended *** addition,an observation-based attribution analysis indicates that anthropogenic warming may increase the probability of such extensively persistent hot extremeby1.8 times.

关键词： Hot extreme The Yangtze River basin Global warming Tropical Pacific forcing

Automatic Generation of Artificial space weather Forecast Product Based on Sequence-to-sequence Model

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空间科学学报 2024年第1期44卷 80-94页

作者：罗冠霆 ZOU Yenan CAI Yanxia state key laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 key laboratory of Science and Technology on Environment space Situation Awareness Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190

Both analyzing a large amount of space weather observed data and alleviating personal experience bias are significant challenges in generating artificial space weather forecast *** the use of natural language generation methods based on the sequence-to-sequence model,space weather forecast texts can be automatically *** conduct our generation tasks at a fine-grained level,a taxonomy of space weather phenomena based on descriptions is ***,our MDH(Multi-Domain Hybrid)model is proposed for generating space weather summaries in two *** model is composed of three sequence-to-sequence-based deep neural network sub-models(one Bidirectional Auto-Regressive Transformers pre-trained model and two Transformer models).Then,to evaluate how well MDH performs,quality evaluation metrics based on two prevalent automatic metrics and our innovative human metric are *** comprehensive scores of the three summaries generating tasks on testing datasets are 70.87,93.50,and 92.69,*** results suggest that MDH can generate space weather summaries with high accuracy and coherence,as well as suitable length,which can assist forecasters in generating high-quality space weather forecast products,despite the data being starved.

关键词： space weather Deep learning Data-to-text Natural language generation

Bivariate attribution of the compound hot and dry summer of 2022 on the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2122-2136页

作者： Baiquan ZHOU Panmao ZHAI Zhen LIAO state key laboratory of Severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

The extraordinarily high temperatures experienced during the summer of 2022 on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)demand attention when compared with its typical climatic *** absence of precipitation alongside the elevated temperatures resulted in 2022 being the hottest and driest summer on record on the TP since at least *** the susceptibility of the TP to climate change,this study employed large-ensemble simulations from the HadGEM3-A-N216 attribution system,together with a copula-based joint probability distribution,to investigate the influence of anthropogenic forcing,primarily global greenhouse gas emissions,on this unprecedented compound hot and dry event(CHDE).Findings revealed that the return period for the 2022 CHDE on the TP exceeds 4000 years,as determined from the fitted joint distributions derived using observational data spanning *** CHDE was directly linked to large-scale circulation anomalies,including the control of equivalent-barotropic high-pressure anomalies and the northward displacement of the subtropical westerly jet ***,anthropogenic forcing has,to some extent,promoted the surface warming and increased variability in precipitation on the TP in summer,establishing conditions conducive for the 2022 CHDE from a long-term climate change *** return period for a 2022-like CHDE on the TP was estimated to be approximately 283 years(142-613 years)by the large ensemble forced by both anthropogenic activities and natural ***,ensemble simulations driven solely by natural forcing indicated that the likelihood of occurrence of a 2022-like CHDE was almost *** outcomes underscore that the contribution of anthropogenic forcing to the probability of a 2022-like CHDE was 100%,implying that without anthropogenically induced global warming,a comparable CHDE akin to that observed in 2022 on the TP would not be possible.

关键词： Compound hot and dry event Tibetan Plateau Bivariate event attribution Anthropogenic forcing

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Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere:A systematic survey using the CSES satellite

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1879-1892页

作者： MA ZhenHui ZHAO ShuFan LIAO Li SHEN XuHui LU HengXin School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China state key laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China key laboratory of Solar Activity and space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing100085China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100081China

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation(PLR)at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by CSES satellite between January 2019 and December *** study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors,including solar radiation,lightning activity,and try to clarify the influence of electricity *** results show that the solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F10.7)plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate,and that there is no direct connection with the number of *** the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption,the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the ***,there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period,suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two *** excluding the effect of solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate,we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit ***,we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

关键词： CSES satellite power line radiation occurrence rate solar radiation lightning activity electricity consumption

The Performance of Downward Shortwave Radiation Products from Satellite and Reanalysis over the Transect of Zhongshan Station to Dome A, East Antarctica

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1574-1588,1671-1675页

作者： Jiajia JIA Zhaoliang ZENG Wenqian ZHANG Xiangdong ZHENG Yaqiang WANG Minghu DING state key laboratory of Severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

The downward shortwave radiation(DSR) is an important part of the Earth's energy balance, driving Earth's system's energy, water, and carbon cycles. Due to the harsh Antarctic environment, the accuracy of DSR derived from satellite and reanalysis has not been systematically evaluated over the transect of Zhongshan station to Dome A, East ***, this study aims to evaluate DSR reanalysis products(ERA5-Land, ERA5, MERRA-2) and satellite products(CERES and ICDR) in this area. The results indicate that DSR exhibits obvious monthly and seasonal variations, with higher values in summer than in winter. The ERA5-Land(ICDR) DSR product demonstrated the highest(lowest) accuracy,as evidenced by a correlation coefficient of 0.988(0.918), a root-mean-square error of 23.919(69.383) W m^(–2), a mean bias of –1.667(–28.223) W m^(–2) and a mean absolute error of 13.37(58.99) W m^(–2). The RMSE values for the ERA5-Land reanalysis product at seven stations, namely Zhongshan, Panda 100, Panda 300, Panda 400, Taishan, Panda 1100, and Kunlun, were 30.938, 29.447, 34.507, 29.110, 20.339, 17.267, and 14.700 W m^(-2), respectively;with corresponding bias values of 9.887, –12.159, –19.181, –15.519, –8.118, 6.297, and 3.482 W m^(–2). Regarding seasonality, ERA5-Land, ERA5,and MERRA-2 reanalysis products demonstrate higher accuracies during spring and summer, while ICDR products are least accurate in autumn. Cloud cover, water vapor, total ozone, and severe weather are the main factors affecting DSR. The error of DSR products is greatest in coastal areas(particularly at the Zhongshan station) and decreases towards the inland areas of Antarctica.

关键词： downward shortwave radiation East Antarctic reanalysis product satellite product validation

Joint observations of the large-scale ULF wave activity from space to ground associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2215-2229页

作者： SUN XiaoYing HU YunPeng ZHIMA Zeren DUAN SuPing LV FangXian SHEN XuHui National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency ManagementBeijing 100085China School of space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China state key laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This study reports the rare ultralow-frequency(ULF) wave activity associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement that was successively observed by the GOES-17(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) in the magnetosphere, the CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) in the ionosphere, and the THEMIS ground-based observatories(GBO) GAKO and EAGL in the Earth's polar region during the main phase of an intense storm on 4 November 2021. Along with the enhanced-pressure solar wind moving tailward, the geomagnetic field structure experienced a large-scale change. From dawn/dusk sides to midnight, the GAKO, EAGL, and GOES-17 sequentially observed the ULF waves in a frequency range of0.04–0.36 Hz at L shells of ~5.07, 6.29, and 5.67, respectively. CSES also observed the ULF wave event with the same frequency ranges at wide L-shells of 2.52–6.22 in the nightside ionosphere. The analysis results show that the ULF waves at ionospheric altitude were mixed toroidal-poloidal mode waves. Comparing the ULF waves observed in different regions, we infer that the nightside ULF waves were directly or indirectly excited by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase: in the area of L-shells~2.52–6.29, the magnetic field line resonances(FLRs) driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase is an essential excitation source;on the other hand, around L~3.29, the ULF waves can also be excited by the outward expansion of the plasmapause owing to the decrease of the magnetospheric convection, and in the region of L-shells ~5.19–6.29, the ULF waves are also likely excited by the ion cyclotron instabilities driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase.

关键词： ultralow-frequency(ULF)wave solar wind dynamic pressure(P_(sw)) magnetic field line resonance(FLR) ion cyclotron instability

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Assessment of International GNSS Service Global Ionosphere Map products over China region based on measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 400-407页

作者： Jin Hu HaiBing Ruan FuQing Huang ShengYang Gu XianKang Dou Institute of space weather Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China state key laboratory of space weather Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100190China School of Electronic Information Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Wuxi Research Institute Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyWuxi Jiangsu 214000China CAS key laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical *** the credibility of GIM products in data-sparse regions is of paramount *** this study,measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)are leveraged to evaluate the suitability of IGS-GIM products over China region in *** indices of mean error(ME),root mean square error(RMSE),and normalized RMSE(NRMSE)are then utilized to quantify the accuracy of IGS-GIM *** revealed distinct local time and latitudinal dependencies in IGS-GIM errors,with substantially high errors at nighttime(NRMSE:39%)and above 40°latitude(NRMSE:49%).Seasonal differences also emerged,with larger equinoctial deviations(NRMSE:33.5%)compared with summer(20%).A preliminary analysis implied that the irregular assimilation of sparse IGS observations,compounded by China’s distinct geomagnetic topology,may manifest as error *** results suggest that modeling based solely on IGS-GIM observations engenders inadequate representations across China and that a thorough examination would proffer the necessary foundation for advancing regional total electron content(TEC)constructions.

关键词： International GNSS Service(IGS)Global Ionosphere Maps(GIM) Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC) total electron content(TEC) data assessment