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Different responses of soil fauna gut and plant rhizosphere microbiomes to manure applications

Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第2期6卷 57-69页

作者： Shuai Du Xiang Zhao Yue Zhang Changlong Shu Ju-Pei Shen key laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research StationInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen361021China School of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350007China institute of plant Nutrition Resources and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing100097China state key laboratory for biology of plant diseases and insect pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China Hebei key laboratory of Soil Entomology Cangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesCangzhou061001China

Microbial attributes were compared between soil fauna gut and plant rhizosphere.•Manure applications decreased or increased gut or rhizosphere bacterial diversity.•Stochastic or deterministic processes drove gut or rhizosphere bacterial assembly.•Manure applications increased bacterial network complexity of gut and rhizosphere.Diverse microbes inhabit animals and plants,helping their hosts perform multiple functions in agricultural ecosystems.However,the responses of soil fauna gut and plant rhizosphere microbiomes to livestock manure applications are still not well understood.Here we fed Protaetia brevitarsis larvae(PBL)with chicken manure and collected their frass.The frass and manure were applied as fertilizers to lettuce pots.We then compared the changes of microbial diversity,community assembly,and potential functions between the gut group(i.e.,all PBL gut and frass samples)and the rhizosphere group(i.e.,all rhizosphere soil samples).We revealed that manure applications(i.e.,feeding or fertilization)decreased bacterial diversity in the gut group but increased that in the rhizosphere group.Particularly,the proportions of Bacilli in the gut group and Gammaproteobacteria in the rhizosphere group were increased(up to a maximum of 33.8%and 20.4%,respectively)after manure applications.Stochastic and deterministic processes dominated community assembly in the gut and rhizosphere microbiomes,respectively.Manure applications increased the microbial co-occurrence network complexity of both the gut and rhizosphere groups.Moreover,the proportions of functional taxa associated with human/animal pathogens in the gut group and carbon/nitrogen cycling in the rhizosphere group were enhanced(up to 2.6-fold and 24.6-fold,respectively).Our findings illustrate the different responses of microbial diversity,community assembly,and potential functions in soil fauna gut and plant rhizosphere to manure applications.The results could enhance our knowledge on the reasonable utilization of animal and plant microbiomes in agricultural ma

关键词： soil fauna gut plant rhizosphere manure applications community assembly microbial functions

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Basal defense is enhanced in a wheat cultivar resistant to Fusarium head blight

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1238-1258页

作者： Xinlong Gao Fan Li Yikun Sun Jiaqi Jiang Xiaolin Tian Qingwen Li Kaili Duan Jie Lin Huiquan Liu Qinhu Wang state key laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat diseases.Besides directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and livestock.Xinong 979(XN979)is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB resistance.However,its resistance mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative transcriptomics.We found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of defense.The first line of defense,which is constitutive,is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis genes.The second line of defense,which is induced upon F.graminearum infection,is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding genes.Meanwhile,the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression,especially in the early infection stage.The formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies,such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance traits.This study will facilitate our understanding of wheat-F.graminearum interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.

关键词： Fusarium head blight Xinong 979 lignin jasmonic acid photosynthesis Fusarium graminearum

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Genetic diversity of RNA viruses infecting invertebrate pests of rice

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 175-187页

作者： Haoran Wang Shufen Chao Qing Yan Shu Zhang Guoqing Chen Chonghui Mao Yang Hu Fengquan Yu Shuo Wang Liang Lv Baojun Yang Jiachun He Songbai Zhang Liangsheng Zhang Peter Simmonds Guozhong Feng state key laboratory of Rice biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 311400China state key laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China institute of plant protection&Soil Fertilizer Hubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430064China institute of plant protection Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550000China institute of plant protection Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyang 110161China Sanya Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Centre Sanya 572000China College of Agriculture Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434000China Fujian Provincial key laboratory of Haixia Applied plant Systems biology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Genomics and Genetic Engineering laboratory of Ornamental plants College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012China Nuffield Department of Medicine Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13SYUnited Kingdom

Invertebrate species are a natural reservoir of viral genetic diversity,and invertebrate pests are widely distributed in crop fields.However,information on viruses infecting invertebrate pests of crops is limited.In this report,we describe the deep metatranscriptomic sequencing of 88 invertebrate samples covering all major invertebrate pests in rice fields.We identified 296 new RNA viruses and 13 known RNA viruses.These viruses clustered within 31 families,with many highly divergent viruses constituting potentially new families and genera.Of the identified viruses,13 RNA viruses clustered within the Fiersviridae family of bacteriophages,and 48 RNA viruses clustered within families and genera of mycoviruses.We detected known rice viruses in novel invertebrate hosts at high abundances.Furthermore,some novel RNA viruses have genome structures closely matching to known plant viruses and clustered within genera of several plant virus species.Fortyfive potential insect pathogenic RNA viruses were detected in invertebrate species.Our analysis revealed that host taxonomy plays a major role and geographical location plays an important role in structuring viral diversity.Cross-species transmission of RNA viruses was detected between invertebrate hosts.Newly identified viral genomes showed extensive variation for invertebrate viral families or genera.Together,the large-scale metatranscriptomic analysis greatly expands our understanding of RNA viruses in rice invertebrate species,the results provide valuable information for developing efficient strategies to manage insect pests and virus-mediated crop diseases.

关键词： invertebrate species metatranscriptome viral diversity viral transmission viral genomes

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A bacterial protein Rhp-PSP inhibits plant viral proliferation through endoribonuclease activity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1967-1978页

作者： Lijie Chen Qianze Peng Xiaohua Du Weixing Zhang Ju’e Cheng Shu’e Sun Deyong Zhang Pin Su Yong Liu Longping Branch College of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China state key laboratory of Hybrid Rice/institute of plant protection Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125China

plant virus causes massive crop losses globally.However,there is currently no effective measure to control plant viral disease.Previously,we identify an antiviral protein Rhp-PSP,produced by the bacterial Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain JSC-3b.In this study,we discover that the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP relies on its endoribonuclease activity.Converting the arginine(R)residue at position 129 onto alanine(A)abolishs its endoribonuclease activity on coat protein(CP)RNA of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV),consequentially,compromises the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.Further investigation demonstrates that,the mutant Rhp-PSP^(R129A)is unable to form the homotrimer as the wild type,indicating the importance of quaternary junction for the endoribonuclease activity.Overexpression of Rhp-PSP in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhances the resistance against TMV of seedlings,while expression of Rhp-PSP^(R129A)did not,confirming that endoribonuclease activity is responsible for the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.In addition,foliar spray of Rhp-PSP solution on tomato and pepper plants significantly reduces the disease index of viral diseases,indicating that Rhp-PSP shows potential to develop antiviral agent in practice.

关键词： Rhodopseudomonas palustris Rhp-PSP tobacco mosaic virus endoribonuclease antiviral activity

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Deciphering the cellular heterogeneity of the insect brainwith single-cell RNA sequencing

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insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 314-327页

作者： Xiaofei Wang Yifan Zhai Hao Zheng institute of plant protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina College of Food Science and Nutritional En-gineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina key laboratory of Natural Enemies insects Ministry of Agriculture and RuralAffairsJinanChina Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center on Biocontrol of Crops diseases and In-sectpests JinanChina

insects show highly complicated adaptive and sophisticated behaviors, includ-ing spatial orientation skills, learning ability, and social interaction. These behaviors arecontrolled by the insect brain, the central part of the nervous system. The tiny insect brainconsists of millions of highly differentiated and interconnected cells forming a complexnetwork. Decades of research has gone into an understanding of which parts of the insectbrain possess particular behaviors, but exactly how they modulate these functional conse-quences needs to be clarified. Detailed description of the brain and behavior is required todecipher the complexity of cell types, as well as their connectivity and function. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged recently as a breakthrough technologyto understand the transcriptome at cellular resolution. With scRNA-seq, it is possible touncover the cellular heterogeneity of brain cells and elucidate their specific functions andstate. In this review, we first review the basic structure of insect brains and the links toinsect behaviors mainly focusing on learning and memory. Then the scRNA applicationson insect brains are introduced by representative studies. Single-cell RNA-seq has allowedresearchers to classify cell subpopulations within different insect brain regions, pinpointsingle-cell developmental trajectories, and identify gene regulatory networks. These devel-opments empower the advances in neuroscience and shed light on the intricate problemsin understanding insect brain functions and behaviors.

关键词： behavior brain cell type insect single-cell RNA sequencing

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Pitx2 suppression at meiotic stages associates with seasonal inhibition of testis development in Rattus norvegicus caraco

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 543-551页

作者： Lin TIAN Xixuan LI Yaqi YING Lewen WANG Yanting QIAO Dawei WANG Ying SONG Ning LI Xiaohui LIU state key laboratory for biology of plant diseases and insect pests Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and ManagementInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina

The bicoid-related transcription factor 2(Pitx2)plays a crucial role in the development of many organs and tissues by affecting the mitotic cell cycle.Postnatal testis development is related to mitosis and meiosis in mul-tiple cell types,but the role of Pitx2 gene in seasonal inhibition of testicular development remains unknown in rodents.We analyzed PITX2 protein and Pitx2 mRNA expression features using both laboratory and wild male Rattus norvegicus caraco.In postnatal testicle of laboratory colony,we found that PITX2 was expressed in Leydig cells,pachytene spermatocytes,round spermatids,and elongating spermatids rather than spermatogonia and lep-totene/zygotene spermatocytes.Pitx2b expression signiﬁcantly increased along with the occurrence of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids,while decreased along with the processes of elongated spermatids.In wild male rats with similar testes weight,a signiﬁcantly suppressed Pitx2b expression occurred with an active meiotic stage in the inhibited testes in autumn and winter,compared with the normally developing testes in spring and summer.These results indicate that Pitx2b expression suppression plays a crucial role in the seasonal inhibition of testis development.

关键词： Pitx2 postnatal testis development Rattus norvegicus seasonal inhibition

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The new kid on the block in insect pest management:sprayable RNAi goes commercial

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年第8期 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan Ralf Nauen Stuart Reitz Andrei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang David Mota-Sanchez Yonggyun Kim Subba Reddy Palli Silvia I.Rondon Brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Michael S.Crossley William E.Snyder Angharad M.R.Gatehouse Myron P.Zalucki Bruce E.Tabashnik Yulin Gao Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell Agri Tech Department of Entomology and plant Pathology University of Tennessee Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware Department of Entomology University of Georgia School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University School of the Environment University of Queensland Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural University Department of Entomology University of Arizona National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences state key laboratory for biology of plant Disease and insect pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest Control Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University School of biology and Ecology University of Maine Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Entomology Michigan State University Department of plant Medicals Andong National University Department of Entomology University of Kentucky Oregon state University Oregon Integrated Pest Management Center

insect pest damage to crops is a threat to global food security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticide resistance,and the phasing out of insecticides due to environmental and safety concerns exacerbate this problem.Farmers urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yields that meet ever-increasing global demand.

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Geminiviral C2 proteins inhibit active autophagy to facilitate virus infection by impairing the interaction of ATG7 and ATG8

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2023年第5期65卷 1328-1343页

作者： Buwei Cao Linhao Ge Mingzhen Zhang Fangfang Li Xueping Zhou state key laboratory for biology of plant diseases and insect pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China state key laboratory of Rice biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation process that plays an active role in plant response to virus infections.Here we report that geminiviruses counteract activated autophagymediated antiviral defense in plant cells through the C2 proteins they encode.We found that,in Nicotiana benthamiana plants,tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus(TLCYnV)infection upregulated the transcription levels of autophagy-related genes(ATGs).Overexpression of NbATG5,NbATG7,or NbATG8a in N.benthamiana plants decreased TLCYnV accumulation and attenuated viral symptoms.Interestingly,transgenic overexpression of NbATG7 promoted the growth of N.benthamiana plants and enhanced plant resistance to TLCYnV.We further revealed that the C2 protein encoded by TLCYnV directly interacted with the ubiquitinactivating domain of ATG7.This interaction competitively disrupted the ATG7–ATG8 binding in N.benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum plants,thereby inhibiting autophagy activity.Furthermore,we uncovered that the C2-mediated autophagy inhibition mechanism was conserved in three other geminiviruses.In summary,we discovered a novel counter-defensive strategy employed by geminiviruses that enlists their C2 proteins as disrupters of ATG7–ATG8 interactions to defeat antiviral autophagy.

关键词： autophagy C2 counterdefense geminivirus plant defense the ATG7–ATG8 interaction

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Co-CRISPR: A valuable toolkit for mutation enrichment in the gene editing of Spodoptera frugiperda

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insect Science 2023年第3期30卷 625-636页

作者： Wei-Kang Han Feng-Xian Tang Hao-Li Gao Yan Wang Na Yu Jian-Jun Jiang Ze-Wen Liu key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop diseases and pests(Ministry of Education) College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina plant protection Research institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural ScienceGuangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect PestsNanningChina

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully applied in dozens of diverse species;although the screening of successful CRISPR/Cas9 editing events remains particularly laborious,especially for those that occur at relatively low frequency.Recently,a co-CRISPR strategy was proved to enrich the desired CRISPR events.Here,the co-CRISPR strategy was developed in the Fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda,with kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene(kmo)as a marker.The kmo mosaics induced by single-guide RNAs(sgRNAs)/Cas9 displayed the darker green color phenotype in larvae,compared with wild type(brown),and mosaic-eye adults were significantly acquired from the mosaic larvae group.In the kmo knockout strain,no significant difference was observed in larval development and adult reproduction.Acetylcholinesterase 2(ace2)and Wntl were selected as target genes to construct the co-CRISPR strategy using kmo marker.By coinjection of kmo and ace2 sgRNAs,the mutant efficiency of ace2 was significantly increased in the kmo mosaic(larvae or adults)groups.Similarly,more malformed pupae with Wntl mutations were observed in the darker green larvae group.Taken together,these results demonstrated that kmo was a suitable visible marker gene for the application and extension of co-CRISPR strategy in Fall armyworm.Using darker green color in larvae or mosaic-eye in adults from kmo knockout as a marker,the mutant efficiency of a target gene could be enriched in a Fall armyworm group consisting of marked individuals.The co-CRISPR strategy is helpful for gene function studies by the knockout technique with no or lethal phenotypes.

关键词： co-CRISPR kmo mutation enrichment Spodoptera frugiperda Wnt1

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Harnessing nanobodies to expand the recognition spectrumof plant NLRs for diverse pathogens

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aBIOTECH 2023年第3期4卷 272-276页

作者： Ruyi Wang Guo-Liang Wang Yuese Ning state key laboratory for biology of plant diseases and insect pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of plant Pathology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The strategy to expand the recognition spectrum of plant nucleotide-binding domain leucine-richrepeat (NLR) proteins by modifying their recognition sequences is generally limited and oftenunsuccessful. Kourelis et al. introduced a groundbreaking approach for generating a customizedimmune receptor, called Pikobody. This method involves integrating a nanobody domain of a fluorescent protein (FP) into a plant NLR. Their research demonstrates that the resulting Pikobody successfully initiates an immune response against diverse pathogens when exposed to the corresponding FP.

关键词： NLR Pik Nanobody Fluorescent protein Immunity

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