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Moving beyond Wastewater:Perspectives on Environmental Surveillance of Infectious Diseases for Public health Action in Low-Resource Settings

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Environment & health 2024年第10期2卷 684-687页

作者： Jeseth Delgado Vela Sarah E.Philo Joe Brown Mami Taniuchi Molly Cantrell Alexandra Kossik Maya Ramaswamy Sitara SR Ajjampur Fatma Z.Guerfali Rochelle H.Holm John Scott Meschke Maria Catherine B.Otero Amy J.Pickering Mahbubur Rahman Alexander G.Shaw Abhilasha Shrestha Kwanrawee Sirikanchana Vivi Maketa Tevuzula Rolf U.Halden Alexandria B.Boehm Kyle Bibby Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27710United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana 46556United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90007USA Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina 27599United States Division of Infectious Diseases and International health University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch U.S.Centers for Disease ControlAtlantaGeorgia 30329United States The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory Christian Medical CollegeVellore 632004India Laboratory of Transmission Control and Immunobiology of Infections(LTCII)Institut Pasteur de TunisTunis-Belvédère 1002Tunisia UniversitéTunis El Manar Tunis 1002Tunisia Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute School of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentucky 40202United States Department of Environmental and Occupational health Sciences School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195United States College of Medicine University of the Philippines ManilaManila 2801Philippines Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research(IEDCR)Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZU.K. Division of Environmental and Occupational health Sciences University of Illinois Chicago School of Public HealthChicagoIllinois 60612United States Research Laboratory of Biotechnology Chulabhorn Research InstituteBangkok 10210Thailand Department of Tropical Medicine University of KinshasaKinshasa/DR 63090201Congo School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State UniversityTempe

Although testing wastewater for public health surveillance has recently received significant attention in the United States,researchers and public health professionals have long realized the tremendous promise of environmental surveillance(ES),defined as tracking pathogens of interest in fecally contaminated surface waters,soil,or fomites,in low-resource settings for public health action.1,2 The power of ES in lowresource settings is most clearly illustrated with the over 30 years of well-established and standardized polio *** part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative,the World health Organization(WHO)has accredited 146 laboratories within the Global Polio Lab network(GPLN).These facilities across 92 countries process over 8,000 wastewater or fecally contaminated surface water samples per year,in addition to over 220,000 stool samples annually.3 The data generated from the GPLN are closely linked to clear public health action related to targeted vaccination *** investment and adoption of ES for polio eradication efforts serves as a use-case for other targets of *** explore the current state of the field,the National Science Foundation-funded Research Coordination network(RCN)on Wastewater Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Public health Threats held a workshop in December 2023 to discuss the opportunities and challenges for ES in low-resource settings(Figure 1).Discussions during the workshop highlighted knowledge gaps,best-practices,target selection,academic/government/private partnerships and overall public health action and sustainability of these programs.

关键词： wastewater Wastewater annually

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Transition-metal doped edge sites in vertically aligned MoS2 catalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution

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Nano Research 2015年第2期8卷 566-575页

作者： Haotian Wang Charlie Tsai Desheng Kong Karen Chan Frank Abild-Pedersen Jens K. Norskov Yi Cui Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford CA 93205 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC NationalAccelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA .

Highly active and low-cost catalysts for electrochemical reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） are crucial for the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Theoretical simulations have been instrumental in revealing the correlations between the electronic structure of materials and their catalytic activity, and guide the prediction and development of improved catalysts. However, difficulties in accurately engineering the desired atomic sites lead to challenges in making direct comparisons between experi- mental and theoretical results. In MoS2, the Mo-edge has been demonstrated to be active for HER whereas the S-edge is inert. Using a computational descriptor- based approach, we predict that by incorporating transition metal atoms （Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu） the S-edge site should also become HER active. Vertically standing, edge-terminated MoS2 nanofilms provide a well-defined model system for verifying these predictions. The transition metal doped MoS2 nanofilms show an increase in exchange current densities by at least two-fold, in agreement with the theoretical calculations. This work opens up further opportunities for improving electrochemical catalysts by incorporating promoters into particular atomic sites, and for using well-defined systems in order to understand the origin of the promotion effects.

关键词： molybdenum disulfide chemical vapor deposition doping density functional theory

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A comparison study of prevalence,awareness,treatment and control rates of hypertension and associated factors among adults in China and the United States based on national survey data

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Global health Journal 2023年第1期7卷 24-33页

作者： Xiaomin Sun Xinguang Chen Zumin Shi Alice Fang Yan Zhongying Li Shiqi Chen Bingtong Zhao Wen Peng Xi Li Mei Zhang Limin Wang Jing Wu Youfa Wang Global health Institute School of Public HealthXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710061China Human Nutrition Department College of Health SciencesQU Health Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Department of Research Patient Care Service Stanford Health CarePalo AltoCA 94305USA Nutrition and health promotion Center Department of Public HealthMedical CollegeQinghai UniversityXiningQinghai 810061China Department of Geriatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710061China National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective:This study compared the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension and associated factors in China and the United States(US).Methods:Adult data from nationally representative samples were derived from the Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2010 and 2013 in China and the National health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 and 2013 in the *** logistic and Poisson regression analysis were conducted to assess associations of the four outcomes with body weight status and behavioral ***:Age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension was 35.7%(95%confidence interval[CI]:35.4%to 36.1%)in 2010 and 29.8%(95%CI:29.4%to 30.2%)in 2013 in China,and 35.3%(95%CI:33.6%to 37.1%)in 2010 and 37.9%(95%CI:36.0%to 39.7%)in 2013 in the *** hypertensive participants,the age-standardized rates of treatment were 18.4%(95%CI:17.9%to 1&9%)in 2010 and 23.8%(95%CI:23.1%to 24.6%)in 2013 in China and 54.5%(95%CI:50.3%to 5&7%)in 2010 and 50.9%(95%CI:46.5%to 55.3%)in 2013 in the US;the age-standardized hypertension control rates were 3.2%(95%CI:3.0%to 3.5%)and 5.7%(95%CI:5.3%to 6.0%)in 2010 and 2013 in China and 50.6%(95%CI:46.2%to 55.0%)and 55.3%(95%CI:50.3%to 60.3%)in the *** was significantly associated with prevalence,awareness and control rates in both *** from the US,obesity was negatively associated with hypertension control in ***:Hypertension prevalence in China is similar to that in the US,but the control rate in China was significantly *** was a critical risk factor for poor hypertension control in China.

关键词： Hypertension International comparison Treatment Obesity Risk factors

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Effects of lysedEnterococcus faecalis FK-23 on experimental allergic rhinitis in a murine model

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2012年第3期26卷 226-234页

作者： Luping Zhu Takashi Shimada Ruoxi Chen Meiping Lu Qingzhao Zhang Wenmin Lu Min Yin Tadao Enomoto Lei Cheng Department of Otorhinolaryngology the First Affiliated Hospital Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210029 China International Centre for Allergy Research Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210029 China Central Research Laboratories Niehiniehi Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd Mie 518-1417 Japan NPO Japan health promotion Supporting network Wakayama 640-8558 Japan

In the current study, we sought to investigate whether lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 （LFK）, a heat-killed probiotic preparation, attenuated eosinophil influx into the upper airway and had immunomodulatory activity in a murine allergic rhinitis model. Eighteen BALB/c mice were divided into three groups; the ovalbumin （OVA）-sen- sitized/challenged group, which received saline orally for 6 weeks （OVA group）, the OVA-sensitized/challenged group, which received LFK orally for 6 weeks （LFK-fed group）, and the non-sensitized group, which received saline for 6 weeks （saline control group）. Nasal rubbing and sneezing were monitored during the study. After the final challenge, interleukin （IL）-4, interferon （IFN）-y, and OVA-specific IgE levels in the sera and splenocyte culture supernatants were determined, eosinophilic infiltrate into the upper airway was quantified, and splenic CD4~CD25＋ regulatory T cells （Tregs） were examined by flow cytometry. We found that nasal rubbing was sig- nificantly reduced in LFK-fed mice compared to the OVA group on d 27 and 35, and sneezing was significantly inhibited by LFK administration for 35 d. LFK-fed mice had significantly less eosinophil influx into the nasal mucosa than the OVA group. There were no significant differences between the LFK-fed group and OVA group in the serum and splenocyte culture supernatant levels of IL-4, IFN-y, and OVA-specific IgE. Interestingly, the LFK-fed mice had a significantly greater percentage of splenic CD4＋CD25＋ Tregs than OVA group. Our results indicate that oral administration of LFK may alleviate nasal symptoms, reduce nasal eosinophilia, and increase the percentage of CD4＋CD25＋ Tregs in experimental allergic rhinitis.

关键词： allergic rhinitis probiotics Enterococcus faecalis cytokines eosinophils regulatory T-lymphocytes mice

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Branched glycopolymer prodrug-derived nanoassembly combined with a STING agonist activates an immuno-supportive status to boost anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 2194-2209页

作者： Zhilin Li Qianfeng Zhang Zhiqian Li Long Ren Dayi Pan Qiyong Gong Zhongwei Gu Hao Cai Kui Luo Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center(HMRRC)Clinical Research Center for BreastDepartment of Breast SurgeryDepartment of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic OncologyFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu 610041China Department of Radiology West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan UniversityXiamen 361021China Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of EducationYunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural ProductsSchool of PharmacyYunnan UniversityKunming 650500China

Despite the great potential of anti-PD-L1 antibodies for immunotherapy,their low response rate due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has hampered their *** address this issue,we constructed a cell membrane-coated nanosystem(mB4S)to reverse an immunosuppressive microenvironment to an immuno-supportive one for strengthening the anti-tumor *** this system,Epirubicin(EPI)as an immunogenic cell death(ICD)inducer was coupled to a branched glycopolymer via hydrazone bonds and diABZI as a stimulator of interferon genes(STING)agonist was encapsulated into *** internalization of mB4S,EPI was acidic-responsively released to induce ICD,which was characterized by an increased level of calreticulin(CRT)exposure and enhanced ATP ***,diABZI effectively activated the STING *** with mB4S in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody elicited potent immune responses by increasing the ratio of matured dendritic cells(DCs)and CD8+T cells,promoting cytokines secretion,up-regulating M1-like tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and down-regulating immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs).Therefore,this nanosystem for co-delivery of an ICD inducer and a STING agonist achieved promotion of DCs maturation and CD8+T cells infiltration,creating an immuno-supportive microenvironment,thus potentiating the therapy effect of the anti-PD-L1 antibody in both 4T1 breast and CT26 colon tumor mice.

关键词： Glycopolymer Polymer prodrug Immunogenic cell death Nanoassembly Epirubicin STING pathway Immuno-supportive microenvironment Immunotherapy

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Discovery of Trametinib as an orchestrator for cytoskeletal vimentin remodeling

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第3期16卷 24-34页

作者： Shuangshuang Zhao Zhifang Li Qian Zhang Yue Zhang Jiali Zhang Gaofeng Fan Xiaobao Cao Yaming Jiu Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction The Center for MicrobesDevelopment and HealthKey Laboratory of Molecular Virology and ImmunologyShanghai Institute of Immunity and InfectionChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beĳing 100049China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

The dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeletal network of vimentin intermediate filaments supports various cellular functions,including cell morphology,elasticity,migration,organelle localization,and resistance against mechanical or pathological *** available chemicals targeting vimentin predominantly induce network reorganization and shrinkage around the *** tools for long-term manipulation of vimentin network dispersion in living cells are still lacking,limiting in-depth studies on vimentin function and potential therapeutic ***,we verified that a commercially available small molecule,trametinib,is capable of inducing spatial spreading of the cellular vimentin network without affecting its transcriptional or Translational *** evidence confirmed its low cytotoxicity and similar effects on different cell ***,Trametinib has no impact on the other two cytoskeletal systems,actin filaments and the microtubule ***,Trametinib regulates vimentin network dispersion rapidly and efficiently,with effects persisting for up to 48 h after drug *** also ruled out the possibility that Trametinib directly affects the phosphorylation level of *** summary,we identified an unprecedented regulator Trametinib,which is capable of spreading the vimentin network toward the cell periphery,and thus complemented the existing repertoire of vimentin remodeling drugs in the field of cytoskeletal research.

关键词： vimentin intermediate filaments cytoskeleton small molecule network reorganization

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Long-term metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency: An association to bear in mind

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第7期12卷 916-931页

作者： Marco Infante Martina Leoni Massimiliano Caprio Andrea Fabbri UniCamillus Saint Camillus International University of Health SciencesRome 00131Italy Diabetes Research Institute Federation(DRIF) Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesCTO Alesini HospitalDepartment of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome 00145Italy network of Immunity in Infection Malignancy and Autoimmunity(NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network(USERN)Rome 00145Italy Department of Human Sciences and promotion of the Quality of Life San Raffaele Roma Open UniversityRome 00166Italy Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology IRCCS San Raffaele PisanaRome 00166Italy

To date,metformin remains the first-line oral glucose-lowering drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes thanks to its well-established long-term safety and efficacy ***,metformin is the most widely used oral insulinsensitizing agent,being prescribed to more than 100 million people worldwide,including patients with prediabetes,insulin resistance,and polycystic ovary ***,over the last decades several observational studies and meta-analyses have reported a significant association between long-term metformin therapy and an increased prevalence of vitamin B12 *** note,evidence suggests that long-term and high-dose metformin therapy impairs vitamin B12 *** B12(also referred to as cobalamin)is a water-soluble vitamin that is mainly obtained from animal-sourced *** the cellular level,vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for enzymes that play a critical role in DNA synthesis and ***,vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a number of clinical consequences that include hematologic abnormalities(e.g.,megaloblastic anemia and formation of hypersegmented neutrophils),progressive axonal demyelination and peripheral ***,no definite guidelines are currently available for vitamin B12 deficiency screening in patients on metformin therapy,and vitamin B12 deficiency remains frequently unrecognized in such ***,in this“field of vision”article we propose a list of criteria for a cost-effective vitamin B12 deficiency screening in metformin-treated patients,which could serve as a practical guide for identifying individuals at high risk for this ***,we discuss additional relevant topics related to this field,including:(1)The lack of consensus about the exact definition of vitamin B12 deficiency;(2)The definition of reliable biomarkers of vitamin B12 status;(3)Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency other than metformin therapy that should be identified promptly in metformin-treated pat

关键词： Metformin Vitamin B12 deficiency Metformin-induced cobalamin deficiency Diabetes Type 2 diabetes Prediabetes Screening criteria Neuropathy Anemia

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Geopolitics, Moral Reform, and Poetic Internationalism： Liang Qichao＇s The Future of New China

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2012年第1期6卷 2-18页

作者： Ban Wang School of Humanities ＆ Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA

Liang Qichao＇s novel The Future of New China views culture and commerce in international contexts under the rubric of datong. While the novel begins with a scene of cultural exchange and commerce, it soon centers on the foreign education and travel of two young protagonists, who are to become the founding fathers of a constitutional nation-state. The urgency of nation building plays out in the two young men＇s over the political, moral or populist means of achieving the nation. How does nation-state building relate to the initial datong cosmopolitanism？ This paper suggests that Liang＇s nation contains international dimensions. The new Chinese nation is situated in a geopolitical network o（ nation-states, but it also aspires to self-determination and equality with other nations. The nation is to be built by resorting to a moral reform that contains the idea of tianxia （all under heaven）. In his Discourse on the New Citizen, Liang calls for personal outlooks based on culture and morality rather than institutions or actual politics. The novel analyzes China＇s debates on reform and revolution; the present paper traces the connection between this moral quality of a nation and internationalism. I contend that Liang＇s nation-building projects an international type of aspiration toward tianxia.

关键词： nation-state datong morality internationalism poetics

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Quick Line Outage Identification in Urban Distribution Grids via Smart Meters

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第4期8卷 1074-1086页

作者： Yizheng Liao Yang Weng Cin-Woo Tan Ram Rajagopal Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA School of Electrical Computingand Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA

The growing integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)in distribution grids raises various reliability issues due to DER's uncertain and complex *** large-scale DER penetration in distribution grids,traditional outage detection methods,which rely on customers report and smart meters'“last gasp”signals,will have poor performance,because renewable generators and storage and the mesh structure in urban distribution grids can continue supplying power after line *** address these challenges,we propose a datadriven outage monitoring approach based on the stochastic time series analysis with a theoretical ***,we prove via power flow analysis that dependency of time-series voltage measurements exhibits significant statistical changes after line *** makes the theory on optimal change-point detection suitable to identify line ***,existing change point detection methods require post-outage voltage distribution,which are unknown in distribution ***,we design a maximum likelihood estimator to directly learn distribution parameters from voltage *** prove the estimated parameters-based detection also achieves optimal performance,making it extremely useful for fast distribution grid outage ***,since smart meters have been widely installed in distribution grids and advanced infrastructure(e.g,PMU)has not widely been available,our approach only requires voltage magnitude for quick outage *** results show highly accurate outage identification in eight distribution grids with 17 configurations with and without DERs using smart meter data.

关键词： Power distribution network outage detection outage identification voltage measurement change point detection graphical model

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Underutilization of Living Donor Liver Transplantation in the United States: Bias against MELD 20 and Higher

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2016年第3期4卷 169-174页

作者： Ryan B.Perumpail Eric R.Yoo George Cholankeril Lupe Hogan Melodie Deis Waldo C.Concepcion C.Andrew Bonham Zobair M.Younossi Robert J.Wong Aijaz Ahmed Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Department of Medicine University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis TN USA Division of Surgery Division of Abdominal Transplantation Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Department of Medicine Center for Liver Diseases Inova Fairfax HospitalFalls Church VA USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Alameda Health System Highland Hospital CampusOakland CA USA

Background and Aims:Utilization of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and its relationship with recipient Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) needs further evaluation in the United States (U.S.).We evaluated the association between recipient MELD score at the time of surgery and survival following ***:All *** LDLT recipients with MELDnetwork for Organ Sharing *** following LDLTwas stratified into three MELD categories (MELD< 15 *** 15-19 *** 20-24) and evaluated using Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariate Cox proportional hazards ***:Overall,2,258 patients underwent *** to patients with MELD< 15,overall 5-year survival following LDLT was similar among patients with MELD 15-19 (80.9% vs.80.3%,p =0.77) and MELD 20-24 (81.2% vs.80.3%,p =0.73).When compared to patients with MELD<15,there was no significant difference in long-term post-LDLT survival among those with MELD 15-19 (HR:1.11,95% CI:0.85-1.45,p =0.45) and a non-significant trend towards lower survival in patients with MELD 20-24 (HR:1.28,95%CI:0.91-1.81,p =0.16).Only 14% of LDLTs were performed in patients with MELD 20-24 and the remaining 86% in patients with MELD< ***:LDLT is underutilized in patients with MELD 20 and higher.

关键词： Living donors Liver transplantation Waitlist Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)

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