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Preliminary Deformation Experiment of Ringwoodite at 20 GPa and 1 700 K Using a D-DIA Apparatus

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第5期21卷 517-522页

作者： Takaaki Kawazoe Tomohiro Ohuchi Norimasa Nishiyama Yu Nishihara Tetsuo Irifune Geodynamics Research Center Ehime University Senior Research fellow Center Ehime University

A deformation experiment of ringwoodite with a strain of 9% was achieved at 20 GPa and 1 700 K and at a strain rate of 3×10^-5 s^-1 using a deformation-DIA （D-DIA） apparatus and a multi-anvil 6-6 （MA 6-6） assembly. The crystallographic orientations of the deformed sample were successfully analyzed by the electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD） method, although any notable latticepreferred orientation （LPO） was not observed presumably due to the insufficient strain in the present experiment. In this study, the deformation experiment on ringwoodite succeeded at P-T conditions consistent with the lower part of the mantle transition zone and at a controlled strain rate for the first time. The present study extended the pressure range of deformation experiments in the D-DIA apparatus from 16 GPa in our earlier study to 20 GPa at 1 700 K. The successful extension of the pressure range demonstrates potential importance of the D-DIA apparatus in studying rheological properties of minerals under the P-T conditions of the whole mantle transition zone.

关键词： ringwoodite mantle transition zone rheology viscosity mantle dynamics.

Quantification of intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue using magnetic resonance imaging after neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 2100-2105页

作者： Madoka Ogawa Robert Lester Hiroshi Akima Ashraf S.Gorgey Graduate School of Education & Human Development Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Japan Society for Promotion of Science Tokyo Japan Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMC Richmond VA USA Research Center of Health Physical Fitness and Sports Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Department of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Ectopic adiposity has gained considerable attention because of its tight association with metabolic and cardiovascular health in persons with spinal cord injury（SCI）. Ectopic adiposity is characterized by the storage of adipose tissue in non-subcutaneous sites. Magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） has proven to be an effective tool in quantifying ectopic adiposity and provides the opportunity to measure different adipose depots including intermuscular adipose tissue（IMAT） and intramuscular adipose tissue（Intra MAT） or intramuscular fat（IMF）. It is highly important to distinguish and clearly define these compartments, because controversy still exists on how to accurately quantify these adipose depots. Investigators have relied on separating muscle from fat pixels based on their characteristic signal intensities. A common technique is plotting a threshold histogram that clearly separates between muscle and fat peaks. The cut-offs to separate between muscle and fat peaks are still not clearly defined and different cut-offs have been identified. This review will outline and compare the Midpoint and Otsu techniques, two methods used to determine the threshold between muscle and fat pixels on T1 weighted MRI. The process of water/fat segmentation using the Dixon method will also be outlined. We are hopeful that this review will trigger more research towards accurately quantifying ectopic adiposity due to its high relevance to cardiometabolic health after SCI.

关键词： intermuscular adipose tissue intramuscular adipose tissue intramuscular fat ectopic adiposity magnetic resonance imaging

Improvement of Glacial Lakes Detection under Shadow Environment Using ASTER Data in Himalayas, Nepal

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第2期23卷 216-226页

作者： CHEN Wenbo FUKUI Hiromichi DOKO Tomoko GU Xingfa Graduate School of Media and Governance Keio University Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies Chubu University Research Institute of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University JSPS Research fellow Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences

The detection of glacial lake change in the Himalayas, Nepal is extremely significant since the glacial lake change is one of the crucial indicators of global climate change in this area, where is the most sensitive area of the global climate changes. In the Hima- layas, some of glacial lakes are covered by the dark mountains＇ shadow because of their location. Therefore, these lakes can not be de- tected by conventional method such as Normalized Difference Water Index （NDWI）, because the reflectance feature of shadowed glacial lake is different comparing to the ones which are located in the open flat area. The shadow causes two major problems： 1） glacial lakes which are covered by shadow completely result in underestimation of the number of glacial lakes; 2） glacial lakes which are partly iden- tified are considered to undervalue the area of glacial lakes. The aim of this study is to develop a new model, named Detection of Shadowed Glacial Lakes （DSGL） model, to identify glacial lakes under the shadow environment by using Advanced Space-borne Ther- mal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） data in the Himalayas, Nepal. The DSGL model is based on integration of two dif- ferent modifications of NDWI, namely NDWls model and NDWIshe model. NDWI~ is defined as integration of the NDWI and slope analysis and used for detecting non-shadowed lake in the mountain area. The NDWIshe is proposed as a new methodology to overcome the weakness of NDWI~ on identifying shadowed lakes in highly elevated mountainous area such as the Himalayas. The first step of the NDWIshe is to enhance the data from ASTER 1B using the histogram equalization （HE） method, and its outcome product is named AS- TERho. We used the ASTERhe for calculating the NDWIhc and the NDWIshe. Integrated with terrain analysis using Digital Elevation Model （DEM） data, the NDWIshe can be used to identify the shadowed glacial lakes in the Himalayas. NDWIs value of 0.41 is used to identify the glacier lake （NDWI~ 〉 0.

关键词： glacial lake shadow environment DSGL model ASTER remote sensing Himalayas Nepal

Body Characteristics of Professional Japanese Keirin Cyclists： Flexibility, Pelvic Tilt, and Muscle Strength

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Journal of sports Science 2016年第6期4卷 341-345页

作者： Yuto Tashiro Satoshi Hasegawa Shu Nishiguchi Naoto Fukutani Daiki Adachi Takayuki Hotta Saori Morino Hidehiko Shirooka Yuma Nozaki Hinako Hirata Moe Yamaguchi Seishiro Tasaka Tomohumi Matsushita Keisuke Matsubara Tomoki Aoyama Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo 102-0083 Japan

OBJECTIVE： To identify muscle imbalances and pelvic tilt with implications for low back pain in Keirin cyclists. METHODS： We enrolled 16 Keirin cyclists （mean age, 32.2 ±8.6 years） and 16 college students as controls （24.3 ± 2.3 years）. We measured pelvic tilt, heel-buttock distance （HBD）, iliopsoas flexibility （using the Thomas test）, hamstring flexibility （using the straight-leg-raise [SLR] test）, finger floor distance （FFD）, and isometric and isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength. These parameters were compared between the two groups, as well as between the right and left sides, by using the Mann-Whitney U test or unpaired t test. RESULTS： The results of this study revealed a significant anterior pelvic tilt at standing position and significantly higher HBD, SLR, and FFD in the Keirin cyclists than in the controls. The isokinetic muscle strength of the quadrieeps and hamstring, and the hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio at high angular velocity were significantly greater in the Keirin cyclists. No significant differences were found between the right and left sides. CONCLUSION： This study revealed that the Keirin cyclists had an anterior pelvic tilt and imbalance in hip muscle flexibility, but the difference between the right and left sides were not significant.

关键词： Keirin pelvic tilt muscle flexibility imbalance.

Mild Decrease in Skin Temperature Reduces the Heart Rate during Moderate Exercise

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Journal of sports Science 2017年第6期5卷 305-312页

作者： Masayuki Konishi Hiroki Tabata Karina Ando Hyeon-Ki Kim Mio Nishimaki Mi Xiang Shizuo Sakamoto Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University Tokorozawa Saitama 359-1192 Japan Graduate School of Sport Sciences Waseda University Tokorozawa Saitama 359-1192 Japan Research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0083 Japan Japan Institute of sports Sciences Kita-ku Tokyo 115-0056 Japan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a mild decrease in skin temperature on the heart rate, substrate oxidation, and hormonal responses during exercise. Ten young men performed treadmill exercises approximately 65% of their maximal oxygen uptake for 60 min under two trials：（1） mild body cooling trial, and （2） control trial. Rectal and skin temperatures were recorded during and after exercise. Heart rate and oxygen uptake were monitored during exercise. Blood samples for catecholamine, cortisol, free fatty acid, insulin, and glucose concentrations were collected before, immediately after, and 1 h after exercise. In the mild body cooling trial, mean skin temperature decreased by 1.7 ＋ 0.7~C in the last minutes of exercise, compared with before exercise. No differences in rectal temperature were seen between the two trials. Although oxygen uptake during exercise and blood parameters did not differ between the trials, heart rate and subjective fatigue during exercise was lower in the mild body cooling trial than in the control trial. This study suggests that mild body cooling reduces the heart rate and subjective fatigue during moderate exercise, but does not affect substrate oxidation or hormonal responses to exercise.

关键词： Mild body cooling climatic terrain therapy cold exposure

Biogeographical note on Antarctic microforae: Endemism and cosmopolitanism

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第6期4卷 633-646页

作者： Waqar Azeem Jadoon Ryosuke Nakai Takeshi Naganuma Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University1-4-4 KagamiyamaHigashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739-8528Japan National Institute of Genetics 1111 YataMishimaShizuoka 411-8540Japan Research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chiyoda-kuTokyo 102-8471Japan

This study deals with the biogeography of Antarctic microflora （Antarctica acts as best model to study microbial biogeography） such as cyanobacteria and selected halophiles with special emphasis on Halomonas variabilis and Bacillus *** are known to be resistant not only to salt stress,but also to extreme temperature,pressure,and aridity and they are capable of surviving in harsh environments such as polar regions,deep-sea habitats,and *** microbes are known to be resistant to hostile environmental conditions,and are capable of surviving in harsh *** group has isolated 444 strains belonging to 28 genera of halophiles from various environments around the *** 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that many of the isolated strains from geographically distant habitats having different environmental conditions,were closely related to each other,with some strains possessing 100％ identical *** possessing survival mechanism such as spore formation are usually *** genus Halomonas is represented by potentially endemic strains and the ubiquitous ***,while spore-forming *** showed cosmopolitan *** potentially endemic （moderate endemicity that is regional and/or continental distribution） strain was reported from Syowa station,East Antarctica,and Mario Zucchelli station,West Antarctica,which are geographically separated by 3000 ***,15 strains having 100％ similarity with *** were considered *** results of this work provide support for the middle-ground model that some microbes have moderate endemicity and others have cosmopolitan *** results will contribute to a greater understanding of microbial biogeography with special emphasis on Antarctica.

关键词： Biogeography Cyanobacteria Halophilic bacteria 16S rRNA Molecular phylogeny

Hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor-resistance mutations: Our experience and review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第47期19卷 8940-8948页

作者： Shuang Wu Tatsuo Kanda Shingo Nakamoto Fumio Imazeki Osamu Yokosuka Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba UniversityGraduate School of MedicineChiba 260-8677Japan Postdoctoral fellow Foreign Researcher of the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS)Tokyo 102-0083Japan Department of Molecular Virology Chiba UniversityGraduate School of MedicineChiba 260-8677Japan Safety and Health Organization Chiba UniversityChiba 263-8522Japan

Direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)for hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are one of the major advances in its medical *** HCV protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir were the first approved DAAs in the United States,Europe,and *** combined with peginterferon plus ribavirin,these agents increase sustained virologic response rates to70%-80%in treatment-na?ve patients and previoustreatment relapsers with chronic HCV genotype 1 *** peginterferon plus ribavirin,DAA monotherapies increased DAA-resistance *** new DAAs for HCV are now in clinical development and are likely to be approved in the near ***,it has been reported that the use of these drugs also led to the emergence of DAA-resistance mutations in certain ***,these mutations exhibit cross-resistance to multiple *** prevalence of DAA-resistance mutations in HCV-infected patients who were not treated with DAAs is unknown,and it is as yet uncertain whether such variants are sensitive to *** performed a population sequence analysis to assess the frequency of such variants in the sera of HCV genotype 1-infected patients not treated with HCV protease ***,we reviewed the literature on resistance variants of HCV protease inhibitors in treatment na?ve patients with chronic HCV genotype 1,as well as our experience.

关键词： Direct-acting antiviral agent Hepatitis C virus Protease inhibitor Resistance mutation Sequence analysis

Redundancy in Biology and Robotics:Potential of Kinematic Redundancy and its Interplay with Elasticity

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 695-707页

作者： Tom Verstraten Christian Schumacher Rapha(e)l Furnémont Andre Seyfarth Philipp Beckerle Robotics and Multibody Mechanics Research Group(R&MM) Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders MakePleinlaan 21050 ElseneBelgium Institute of sports Science TU DarmstadtMagdalenenstraβe 2764289 DarmstadtGermany Elastic Lightweight Robotics Group Robotics Research InstituteTU DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straβe 844227 DortmundGermany Institüt fur Mechatronische Systeme im Maschinenbau TU DarmstadtOtto-Berndt-Straβe 264287 DarmstadtGermany

Redundancy facilitates some of the most remarkable capabilities of humans,and is therefore omni-present in our *** relationship between redundancy in robotics and biology is investigated in detail on the Series Elastic Dual-Motor Actuator(SEDMA),an actuator inspired by the kinematic redundancy exhibited by *** actuator consists of two motors coupled to a single spring at the *** a system has a redundant degree of freedom,which can be exploited to optimize aspects such as accuracy,impedance,fault-tolerance and energy *** test its potential for human-like motions,the SEDMA actuator is implemented in a hopping *** on a physical demonstrator show that the robot's movement patterns resemble human squat *** conclude that robots with bio-inspired actuator designs facilitate human-like movement,although current technical limitations may prevent them from reaching the same dynamic and energetic performance.

关键词： bioinspired redundant actuation series elastic actuation hopping robots energy efficiency human physiology

Cardiorespiratory fitness measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第6期10卷 609-619,F0003页

作者： Yasmin Ezzatvar MikelIzquierdo Julio Núñez Joaquín Calatayud Robinson Ramírez-Vélez Antonio García-Hermoso Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group(EXINH-RG) Department of PhysiotherapyUniversitat de ValènciaValencia 46010Spain Navarrabiomed Navarra Hospital Complex(CHN)Public University of Navarra(UPNA)Navarra Medical Research Institute(IdiSNA)Pamplona 31008Spain CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging(CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid 28029Spain Department of Cardiology Valencia University HospitalBiomedical Research Institute(INCLIVA)Valencia 46010Spain CIBER in Cardiovascular Diseases(CIBERCV) Madrid 28029Spain Sciences of Physical Activity Sports and Health SchoolUniversity of Santiago of Chile(USACH)Santiago 71783-5Chile

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is inversely associated with mortality in apparently healthy subjects and in some clinical populations,but evidence for the association between CRF and all-cause and/or cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in patients with established CVD is *** study aimed to quantify this *** We searched for prospective cohort studies that measured CRF with cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with CVD and that examined all-cause and CVD mortality with at least 6 months of *** hazard ratios(HRs)were calculated using random-effect inverse-variance *** Data were obtained from 21 studies and included 159,352 patients diagnosed with CVD(38.1%female).Pooled HRs for all-cause and CVD mortality comparing the highest *** category of CRF were 0.42(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.28–0.61)and 0.27(95%CI:0.16–0.48),*** HRs per 1 metabolic equivalent(1-MET)increment were significant for all-cause mortality(HR=0.81;95%CI:0.74–0.88)but not for CVD mortality(HR=0.75;95%CI:0.48–1.18).Coronary artery disease patients with high CRF had a lower risk of all-cause mortality(HR=0.32;95%CI:0.26–0.41)than did their unfit *** 1-MET increase was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk among coronary artery disease patients(HR=0.83;95%CI:0.76–0.91)but not lower among those with heart failure(HR=0.69;95%CI:0.36–1.32).Conclusion A better CRF was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and *** study supports the use of CRF as a powerful predictor of mortality in this population.

关键词： Cardiopulmonary fitness Coronary artery disease Exercise capacity Heart failure Survival