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Characterization of energy and performance of swine fed a novel corn-soybean extruded product

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 322-329页

作者： Katherine M Koch Robert C Thaler Sam K Baidoo Crystal L Levesque Rebecca C Bott South Dakota State University University of Minnesota Southern research and outreach center

Background： A novel extruded product was characterized with a metabolism and lactation trial to establish the product＇s energy content, and its effects on lactating sow performance. The product was composed of a 60：40 corn-soybean blend, which was then extruded. This product containing the co-extruded 60：40 corn-soybean blend was commercially developed and is used extensively in swine diets in southwest Minnesota. GE of dietary treatments were determined by isoperibol bomb calorimetry. Twelve barrows （59.9 ± 1.4 kg）, were used to determine the digestible and metabolizable energy of the extruded product. DE of treatments was determined by subtracting fecal energy from GE provided to barrows by each respective treatment. ME was determined by subtracting urinary energy from calculated digestible energy. Sixty-three sows were used for the lactation trial. Three dietary treatments were utilized： CONTROL （an industry standard diet）; PRODUCT （contained the product, vitamins and minerals）; OIL （matched the lysine：ME ratio of PRODUCT by addition of soy oil）. Sow weight, backfat thickness at the right and left last ribs, body condition score, number of piglets, and litter weights were recorded on the date of farrowing （d 0）, （d 9）, and at weaning. Blood and milk samples were obtained at weaning, and blood was analyzed for plasma urea nitrogen （PUN）, milk was analyzed for total protein and fat content. Results： On a dry-matter basis, the test diet provided 3,908 kcal/kg DE and 3,833 kcal/kg ME, which was significantly greater than the basal diet, which provided 3,633 kcal/kg DE and 3,567 kcal/kg ME （P 〈 0.0001）. These data were used to establish the DE and ME of the product, which were 3,882 kcal/kg and 3,798 kcal/kg, respectively, on an as-fed basis. No effect of diet was observed for changes in sow backfat （RBF P = 0.24; LBF P = 0.07） or body condition score （P = 0.12） during lactation. Milk total protein （P = 0.69）, fat （P = 0.66）, PUN, average piglet gain （P = 0.55） and piglet mortality （P = 0.70） did not differ between

关键词： Corn Extruded Lactation ME Soybean Swine

Nitrogen use in double cropping soybean with non-fertilized winter oilseed crops

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 159-164页

作者： Ronghao Liu Stephen Gregg Axel Garcia y Garcia College of Water Resources Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources Taiyuan 030031China Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Southwest Research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaLambertonMN 56152USA

Sustainable intensification of cropping systems is a strategy to increase productivity and reduce disservices of conventional agroecosystems.Camelina[Camelina sativa(L.)Crantz]and field pennycress(Thlaspi arvense L.)are winter annual oilseed crops well suited to fill the fallow period between corn(Zea mays L.)and soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]in the U.S.northern Corn Belt,but their inclusion may be limited by resource use limitations.A 2-year study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in the U.S.upper Midwest to evaluate the effect of double cropping on winter oilseed crops and soybean productivity and economic performance.Treatments included relay-and sequential-cropped soybean with winter camelina and field pennycress,and monocrop soybean as control.Biomass and grain yield of winter oilseed crops were not affected by cropping system.Averaged over years and cropping systems,winter camelina resulted in more biomass,nitrogen(N)uptake and grain yield by 240,186 and 139% respectively,compared to field pennycress.Soybean biomass,N uptake and yield were higher in relay relative to sequential cropping.Relay soybean resulted in similar total grain yield(soybean+winter oilseed crop)compared to monocropped soybean.Double cropping soybean could maintain net return compared to monocropped soybean.Results indicate that double cropping winter oilseed crops with soybean can be economically viable in the U.S.upper Midwest.Yet,research aimed at optimizing yield through N and water use while improving ecosystem services is needed.

关键词： camelina pennycress relay cropping multiple cropping winter oilseed

Fiber-specific increase of carotenoid content promotes cotton fiber elongation by increasing abscisic acid and ethylene biosynthesis

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The Crop Journal 2023年第3期11卷 774-784页

作者： Jianyan Zeng Dan Yao Ming Luo Lingli Ding Yi Wang Xingying Yan Shu’e Ye Chuannan Wang Yiping Wu Jingyi Zhang Yaohua Li Lingfang Ran Yonglu Dai Yang Chen Fanlong Wang Hanyan Lai Nian Liu Nianjuan Fang Yan Pei Yuehua Xiao Biotechnology research center Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Cotton fiber is a raw material for the global textile industry and fiber quality is essential to its industrial application.Carotenoids are plant secondary metabolites that may serve as dietary components,regulate light harvesting,and scavenge reactive oxygen species.Although carotenoids accumulate predominantly in rapidly elongating cotton fibers,their roles in cotton fiber development remain poorly understood.In this study,a fiber-specific promoter proSCFP was applied to drive the expression of GhOR1Del,a positive regulator of carotenoid accumulation,to upregulate the carotenoid level in cotton fiber in planta.Fiber length,strength,and fineness were increased in proSCFP:GhOR1Del transgenic cotton and abscisic acid(ABA)and ethylene contents were increased in elongating fibers.The ABA downstream regulator GhbZIP27a stimulated the expression of the ethylene synthase gene GhACO3 by binding to its promoter,suggesting that ABA promoted fiber elongation by increasing ethylene production.These findings suggest the involvement of carotenoids and ABA signaling in promoting cotton fiber elongation and provide a strategy for improving cotton fiber quality.

关键词： Abscisic acid Carotenoid Cotton fiber elongation Ethylene ORANGE gene

Low Ca diet leads to increased Ca retention by changing the gut flora and ileal pH value in laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 270-281页

作者： Sha Jiang Xinyu Zou Miao Mao Mi Zhang Wenjun Tu Meilan Jin Joint International research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China Immunology research center Medical Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing402460China Laboratory Animal center Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China

Osteoporosis is a common degenerative metabolic bone disease in caged laying hens.Intensive egg production mobilizing large amounts of Ca from bone for eggshell formation,consequently leading to Ca deficiency,has been recognized as a critical factor causing osteoporosis in commercial laying hens.The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Ca deficiency on the function of the gut microbiotaebone axis and related egg production traits and bone health in laying hens.Twenty-four 48-week-old laying hens were fed a control diet(Control,3.72%)or a low Ca diet(LC,2.04%)for 60 d(n=12).Compared to the Control hens,the LC hens had higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(P<0.05)with lower bone strength,eggshell thickness,and eggshell strength(P<0.05).In addition,the LC hens had higher plasma estradiol concentrations,while having lower concentrations of interleukin-1(IL-1)and IL-6.The LC hens also had a lower pH value in the ileum with an increased Ca retention.The principal co-ordinates analysis showed significantly separate cecal microbiota populations between the Control and LC hens.The Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum,Peptococcus,and Eubacterium_hallii_group(P<0.05)were higher,while the CHKC1001 and Sutterella(P<0.05)were lower at the genus level in the LC hens.In addition,Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum and Eubacter-ium_hallii_group had a negative correlation,while Sutterella was positively correlated with ileal pH values.The transcriptome analysis revealed that the low Ca diet caused 20 and 31 genes to be signifi-cantly up-and down-regulated,respectively.The gene expressions of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,solute carrier family 26 member 3 of the anion exchangers,and mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 of pro-inflammatory factors were lower in the LC birds,which was corre-lated with the lower ileal pH values.These results suggest that the hens with low Ca diet-induced osteoporosis have an increased intestinal Ca retention with a decreased i

关键词： Low Ca diet Ca retention Microbiota Transcriptional profiling Hen

Genome-wide CRISPR screening reveals key genes and pathways associated with 20-hydroxyecdysone signal transduction in the silkworm(Bombyx mori)

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 47-58页

作者： Hao Sun Jingya Chen Ruolin Wang Dan Liu Na Zhang Tong Zhang Ling Jia Sanyuan Ma Qingyou Xia State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology Southwest UniversityChongqingChina Biological Science research center Southwest UniversityChongqingChina

Metamorphosis is a complex developmental process involving multiple pathways and a large number of genes that are regulated by juvenile hormone(JH)and 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E).Despite important progress in understanding various aspects of silkworm biology,the hormone signaling pathway in the silkworm remains poorly understood.Genome-wide screening using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)-based libraries has recently emerged as a novel method for analyzing genome function,enabling further research into essential genes,drug targets,and virus-host interaction.Previously,we constructed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based library of the silkworm(Bombyx mori)and successfully revealed the genes involved in biotic or abiotic stress factor responses.In this study,we used our silkworm CRISPR library and large-scale genome-wide screening to analyze the key genes in the silkworm 20E signaling pathway and their mechanisms of action.Functional annotation showed that 20E regulates key proteins in processes that mainly occur in the cytoplasm and nucleus.Pathway enrichment analysis showed that 20E can activate phosphorylation and may affect innate immunity,interfere with intracellular nutrition and energy metabolism,and eventually cause cell apoptosis.The screening results were experimentally validated by generating cells with knockout alleles of the relevant genes,which had increased tolerance to 20E.Our findings provide a panoramic overview of signaling in response to 20E in the silkworm,underscoring the utility of genome-wide CRISPR mutant libraries in deciphering hormone signaling pathways and the mechanisms that regulate metamorphosis in insects.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 CRISPR library screening ecdysone 20E signal transduction silkworm whole genome editing

BmCaspase-8-like regulates autophagy by suppressing BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 365-374页

作者： Chang Sun Dongmei Wei Yumeng Pan Xiaoyi Xiao Fei Wang State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology Southwest UniversityChongqingChina Biological Science research center Southwest UniversityChongqingChina

Autophagy plays an important role in tissue remodeling during insect development.The interplay between autophagy-related(ATG)proteins and caspases regulates the autophagic activity of ATGs,thereby modulating the process of autophagy.Our previous study characterized BmCaspase-8-like(BmCasp8L)as a caspase suppressor that inhibits apoptosis and immune signaling by suppressing the activation of death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like caspase(DREDD),a caspase-8 homolog in silkworm.In this study,we explored the regulatory role of BmCasp8L in autophagy.We found that the expression of Bmcasp8l increased from the late spinning stage to the pupa stage in the posterior silk gland(PSG),correlating with the expression patterns of Bmatg8 and Bmatg6.RNA interference-mediated downregulation of BmCasp8L expression significantly decreased starvation-induced autophagic influx as determined by the levels of BmATG8–phosphatidylethanolamine and the percentage of cells displaying punctate enhanced green fluorescent protein-BmATG8.Conversely,the overexpression of BmCasp8L significantly increased autophagic influx.We also found that BmCasp8L underwent autophagic degradation induced by starvation and that it was colocalized with BmATG8.Lastly,we demonstrated that BmDREDD attenuated autophagy and BmCasp8L suppressed BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6.Taken together,our results demonstrated that BmCasp8L is a novel proautophagic molecule which suppresses BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6 and is a target for autophagy.

关键词： ATG6 ATG8 autophagy Bombyx mori Caspase-8-like DREDD

Global analysis of basic leucine zipper transcription factors in trifoliate orange and the function identification of PtbZIP49 in salt tolerance

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 115-130页

作者： Yuanyuan Xu Qiuling Hui Meng Li Hongxian Peng Yizhong He Changpin Chun Liangzhi Peng Xingzheng Fu National Citrus Engineering research center Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400712China

As one of the most widely distributed and highly conserved transcription factors in eukaryotes,basic leucine zipper proteins(bZIPs)are involved in a variety of biological processes in plants,but they are largely unknown in citrus.In this study,56 bZIP family members were identified genome-wide from an important citrus rootstock,namely trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata L.Raf.),and these putative bZIPs were named PtbZIP1—PtbZIP56.All PtbZIPs were classified into 13 subgroups by phylogenetic comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana bZIPs(AtbZIPs),and they were randomly distributed on nine known(50 genes)chromosomes and one unknown(6 genes)chromosome.Sequence analysis revealed the detailed characteristics of PtPZIPs,including their amino acid length,isoelectric point(pI),molecular weight(MW),predicted subcellular localization,gene structure,and conserved motifs.Prediction of promoter elements suggested the presence of drought,low-temperature,wound,and defense and stress responsive elements,as well as multiple hormone-responsive cis-acting elements.Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed the transcriptional patterns of PtbZIPs in different tissues and under dehydration,high salt,ABA,and IAA treatments.In addition,21 PtbZIPs were predicted to have direct or indirect protein—protein interactions.Among these,PtbZIP49 was experimentally proven to interact with PtbZIP1 or PtbZIP11 by using a yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC).Subcellular localization analysis further revealed that PtbZIP1,PtbZIP11,and PtbZIP49 were localized in the nucleus.Moreover,PtbZIP49 was functionally identified as having an important role in salt stress via ectopic expression in A.thaliana and silenced in trifoliate orange using virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).This study provided comprehensive information on PtbZIP transcription factors in citrus and highlights their potential functions in abiotic stress.

关键词： bZIP Citrus Trifoliate orange Abiotic stress Expression pattern

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 13-27页

作者： Shuang Lei Shi-Jiang Yu Qi Pan Li-Li Ding Si-Chen Li Lu-Yan Cheng Shu-Qi Wang Bing-Hai Lou Jun He Cui-Yun Lei Lin Cong Hao-Qiang Liu Xue-Feng Wang Chun Ran Citrus research Institute Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center for CitrusChongqingChina

Diaphorina citri is a global citrus pest.As a vector insect,it can transmit the causative agents of citrus huanglongbing,causing irreversible losses to the citrus industry.The acquisition of genomic information can provide a molecular genetic basis for effective control of D.citri.Here,the DNBSEQ™,Oxford Nanopore Technologies,and Hi-C technologies are applied to generate a high-quality chromosome-level genome of D.citri.The genome size of D.citri was 523.78 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 47.05 Mb distributed on 13 chromosomes.A total of 250.64 Mb(47.85%)repeat sequences and 24048 protein-coding genes were predicted.Genome resequencing of female and male individuals indicated that the sex chromosome system of D.citri is XO.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that D.citri and Pachypsylla venusta,which separated from their most recent common ancestor about 336.62 million years ago,were the most closely related.Additionally,we identified genes potentially involved in detoxification metabolism,pathogen transmission,and honeydew secretion for further investigation.The high-quality genome provides an important reference for developing effective management strategies of D.citri.

关键词： Asian citrus psyllid chromosome-level genome comparative genomics cytochrome P450 detoxification Huanglongbing

The homeodomain-containing transcription factor, Gh HOX3, is a key regulator of cotton fiber elongation

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第3期58卷 309-310页

作者： PEI Yan Biotechnology research center Southwest University

Recently,Chen and colleagues from Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,in collaboration with scientists from Nanjing Agricultural University and from the US,have identified... 详细信息

关键词：同源结构域转录因子纤维伸长 GH 南京农业大学棉美国科学家植物生理