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Theory and practice of unconventional gas exploration in carrier beds: Insight from the breakthrough of new type of shale gas and tight gas in Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第1期50卷 27-42页

作者： GUO Tonglou XIONG Liang YE Sujuan DONG Xiaoxia WEI Limin YANG Yingtao Sinopec Southwest Oil&Gas Company Chengdu 610041China

Unconventional gas in the Sichuan Basin mainly includes shale gas and tight gas.The development of shale gas is mainly concentrated in the Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation,but has not made any significant breakthrough in the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation marine shale regardless of exploration efforts for years.The commercial development of tight sandstone gas is mainly concentrated in the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation,but has not been realized in the widespread and thick Triassic Xujiahe Formation.Depending on the geological characteristics of the Qiongzhusi Formation and Xujiahe Formation,the feedback of old wells was analyzed.Then,combining with the accumulation mechanisms of con-ventional gas and shale gas,as well as the oil/gas shows during drilling,changes in production and pressure during develop-ment,and other characteristics,it was proposed to change the exploration and development strategy from source and reservoir exploration to carrier beds exploration.With the combination of effective source rock,effective carrier beds and effective sand-stone or shale as the exploration target,a model of unconventional gas accumulation and enrichment in carrier beds was built.Under the guidance of this study,two significant results have been achieved in practice.First,great breakthrough was made in exploration of the silty shale with low organic matter abundance in the Qiongzhusi Formation,which breaks the traditional approach to prospect shale gas only in organic-rich black shales and realizes a breakthrough in new areas,new layers and new types of shale gas and a transformation of exploration and development of shale gas from single-layer system,Longmaxi For-mation,to multi-layer system in the Sichuan Basin.Second,exploration breakthrough and high-efficient development were re-alized for difficult-to-produce tight sandstone gas reserves in the Xujiahe Formation,which helps address the challenges of low production and unstable production of fracture zones in the Xujiahe Formation,promote the tr

关键词： Sichuan Basin carrier bed tight gas shale gas silty shale Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation Triassic Xujiahe Formation

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A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite, Central Sichuan Basin, SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 130-145页

作者： GU Yifan ZHOU Lu JIANG Yuqiang JIANG Chan LUO Mingsheng ZHU Xun School of Geosciences & Technology Southwest Petroleum University Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company Shunan Division of Petrochina southwest oil&gas Field company Exploration and Development Institute of southwest oil&gas Field company PetroChina

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ^(18)O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can serve as a key target for future hydrocarbon expl

关键词： hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies geochemical characteristics Precambrian Dengying Formation central Sichuan Basin

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Analysis of a Strong-Inhibition Polyamine Drilling Fluid

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第9期19卷 2431-2447页

作者： Yu Fan Jianhua Guo Xihui Hu Rui Wang Weiqiang Xu Engineering Technology Research Institute Petro China Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610000China

Drilling technologies based on oil-based drillingﬂuids and strong inhibitory saltwaterﬂuids are affected by draw-backs such as downhole accidents where sticking and wellbore instabilities occur.Existing polyamine drillingﬂuids also exhibit problems such as easy decomposition and poor inhibition performances.In order to mitigate these issues,additives can be used,such as polyamine inhibitors and the synthesis of nanometerﬁltrate reducers.Tests conducted in the frame of this study with a polyamine drillingﬂuid and such additives show that thisﬂuid has the same inhibitory,plugging,lubricating,and wellbore-stability performances as oil-based drillingﬂuids.However,it has long-term anti-wear performances even better than those of oil-based drillingﬂuids.The out-comes of a series of comparisons with other sample cases(other wells)are reported and the advantages related to the proposedﬂuid discussed in detail.

关键词： High performance polyamine strong inhibition adhesion sticking wellbore stability

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Hydrocarbon accumulation and key exploration & development technologies of Changning-Weiyuan marine shale gas field, southern Sichuan

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Petroleum Research 2021年第1期6卷 1-15页

作者： Xiao He Jianfa Wu Rui Yong Shengxian Zhao PetroChina southwest oil&gas Field company Chengdu610051China

China is rich in shale gas resources and has broad prospects for development. However, the quality ofshale gas resources in China is different from that in the United States, so independent unique technologies are urgently required in China. In this regard, PetroChina has carried out theoretical andtechnical researches systematically on shale gas in Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan according toits geology-engineering characteristics. Guided by the “three-control” theory for marine shale gasenrichment and high yield (i.e. sedimentary diagenesis controls reservoir, preservation conditions control accumulation, and continuous thickness of Type I reservoir controls production), six key explorationand development technologies in southern China have been innovatively developed for marine shale gaswhich experienced multi-stage tectonic evolution. The technologies include comprehensive geologicalevaluation technology, development optimization technology, optimal and fast drilling technology forhorizontal well, volume fracturing technology for horizontal well, factory-like operation technology, andefficient clean production technology. These technologies have enabled the large-scale commercial recovery of shale gas. By the end of 2019, PetroChina had obtained proved geological reserves of1.06 1012 m3, had built production capacity of 10 109 m3, and had cumulative gas production of20 109 m3 in southern Sichuan. The remarkable results of application are of great significance forvigorously developing shale gas industry to reduce external dependence, ensure national energy security,and realize the strategy of "ecological priority and green development".

关键词： Shale gas Exploration and development Hydrocarbon accumulation condition Horizontal well Optimization Fracturing Changning-weiyuan area Southern sichuan

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Risk assessment of oil and gas pipelines hot work based on AHP-FCE

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Petroleum 2023年第1期9卷 94-100页

作者： San He Huilan Xu Jianxiong Zhang Peiqiang Xue southwest Petroleum University Chengdu610500China Sinopec Southwest Oil&Gas Company Chengdu610095China PetroChina southwest oil and gas Field company Shunan gas Mine Luzhou64600China PetroChina Qinghai oilfield Downhole Operation company Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture816100QinghaiChina

A new quantitative risk assessment method for hot work is proposed based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE).It can help pipeline companies realize the risk management of hot work and further ensure the safe operation of oil and gas pipelines.Taking one natural gas pipeline in China as an example,this paper evaluates the risk of a single hot work in the spring of one natural gas pipeline in a high consequence region.First of all,the risk factors are determined with reference to the job safety analysis(JSA),and then experts were invited to fill out a questionnaire to collect their opinions.According to the results of the questionnaire,AHP is used to calculate the weight coefficients of the evaluation indicators,and FCE is used to evaluate the risk level of hot work.After calculation,the comprehensive risk score of hot work is 40.888.It belongs to a"general risk".This method can not only quantitatively evaluate the risk levels of hot work,but also reasonably sort the importance of various risk factors.It is helpful for the effective management of hot work and provides suggestions for implementing control measures.

关键词： oil and gas pipelines Hot work Risk assessment Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)

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Formation and evolution of the strike-slip faults in the central Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第2期50卷 373-387页

作者： MA Bingshan LIANG Han WU Guanghui TANG Qingsong TIAN Weizhen ZHANG Chen YANG Shuai ZHONG Yuan ZHANG Xuan ZHANG Zili School of Geosciences and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China PetroChina southwest oil&gas Field company Chengdu 610051China

Based on 3D seismic and drilling data, the timing, evolution and genetic mechanism of deep strike-slip faults in the central Sichuan Basin are thoroughly examined by using the U-Pb dating of fault-filled carbonate cement and seismic-geological analysis. The strike-slip fault system was initially formed in the Late Sinian, basically finalized in the Early Cambrian with dextral transtensional structure, was overlaid with at least one stage of transpressional deformation before the Permian, then was reversed into a sinistral weak transtensional structure in the Late Permian. Only a few of these faults were selectively activated in the Indosinian and later periods. The strike-slip fault system was affected by the preexisting structures such as Nanhuanian rifting normal faults and NW-striking deep basement faults. It is an oblique accommodated intracratonic transfer fault system developed from the Late Sinian to Early Cambrian to adjust the uneven extension of the Anyue trough from north to south and matches the Anyue trough in evolution time and intensity. In the later stage, multiple inversion tectonics and selective activation occurred under different tectonic backgrounds.

关键词： strike-slip fault fault timing fault evolution seismic-geological analysis U-Pb dating faulting mechanism cra-tonic Sichuan Basin

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Relationship between Permian volcanic rocks distribution and karst paleogeomorphology of Maokou Formation and its significance for petroleum exploration in western Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第3期48卷 670-682页

作者： LIU Ran LUO Bing LI Ya QIU Nansheng WANG Wei ZHANG Yu HE Qinglin PEI Senqi College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Southwest Oil&Gas Field Branch CompanyPetroChinaChengdu 610041China Exploration Division of PetroChina southwest oil&gas Field company Chengdu 610041China Northwestern Camp in Sichuan Southwestern Oil&Gas field Branch CompanyPetroChinaJiangyou 621709China

Based on outcrop, drilling, logging, geochemical analysis and seismic data, the karst landform and distribution of Permian volcanic rocks at the end of the sedimentary period of the Maokou Formation in the western Sichuan Basin are examined, and their petroleum geological significance is discussed. Affected by normal faults formed in the early magmatic activities and extension tectonic background in the late sedimentary period of the Maokou Formation, a local karst shallow depression under the background of karst slope came up in the Jianyang area of the western Sichuan Basin, where the residual thickness of the Maokou Formation was thinner. Basic volcanic rocks like pyroclastic rock of eruptive facies, basalt of overflow facies, diabase porphyrite of intrusive facies and sedimentary tuff of volcanic sedimentary facies were formed after karstification. However, under the effects of faulting and karst paleogeomorphology, the volcanic rocks in different areas had different accumulation features. In the Jianyang area, with long eruption time, the volcanic rocks were thick and complex in lithology, and accumulated in the karst depressions. In the Zhongjiang-Santai area located in the karst slope, there’s no fault developed, only thin layers of basalt and sedimentary tuff turned up. The karst landform controls the build-up of thick explosive facies volcanic rocks and also the development of karst reservoirs in the Maokou Formation, and the western Sichuan area has oil and gas exploration potential in volcanic rocks and the Maokou Formation.

关键词： Sichuan Basin Permian Maokou Formation volcanic rocks Dongwu movement karst paleogeomorphology

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Optimization design of multi-gathering mode for the surface system in coalbed methane field

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Petroleum 2023年第2期9卷 237-247页

作者： Jun Zhou Tiantian Fu Kunyi Wu Yunxiang Zhao Lanting Feng Petroleum Engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduChina Research Institute of Gathering and Transportation Engineering Technology PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengduChina Pipechina southwest Pipeline company ChengduChina

As a potential resource for emerging clean energy with abundant reserves,coalbed methane(CBM)has risen rapidly in recent years,and the construction of rational and economical CBM gathering system plays a vital role in the development of the oil and gas industry.At present,there is no literature that considers the optimization of the multi-gathering mode of coalbed methane pipe network system.Due to the complexity and high investment,this paper establishes a unified mixed-integer nonlinear programming model to determine the gathering modes(including liquified natural gas,compressed natural gas,and gas gathering station)of gathering system to reduce the cost of coalbed methane collection and export.The objective function is the maximization of total profit during the period of the whole project,and such constraints,like network structure,facility number,location,node flow balance,capacity and variable value,are taken into consideration.The solution strategy and heuristic algorithm is proposed and verified by the field data from Shanxi province(China).The results show that the model can solve the problem for optimization design of the surface system in complicated CBM fields.

关键词： Coalbed methane Multi-gathering mode Optimization Pipeline network

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gas accumulation conditions and key technologies for exploration & development of Sinian and Cambrian gas reservoirs in Anyue gasfield

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Petroleum Research 2018年第3期3卷 221-238页

作者： Yueming Yang Yu Yang Guang Yang Jiarong Song LongWen Chuanguang Deng Maolong Xia Qi Ran Guobin Duan Bing Luo Bing Xie PetroChina southwest oil&gas Field company Sichuan610051China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan610051China Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan610051China Chongqing Shale gas Exploration and Development Co. Ltd.Chongqing400023China

Exploration of the Sinian-Lower Paleozoic formations in the Sichuan Basin starts from the 1950s,and is tortuous and complex.To summarize the exploration experiences is of great significance of reference for exploration of oil and gas in deep carbonate rocks of the Sichuan Basin.gas accumulation in the Anyue oversize gasfield is chiefly controlled by the Deyang-Anyue intra-platform rift and central Sichuan paleouplift.The intra-platform rift controls the scale hydrocarbon generation center and effective hydrocarbon plays.The Anyue gasfield is characterized by near-source hydrocarbon accumulation.The marginal zone of intra-platform rift and high part of the paleouplift control the scale distribution of favorable facies belts of reservoir development,and overlapped by paleokarstic reformation,the reservoirs are widely distributed.The intra-platform rift and paleouplift jointly control formation of the scale traps and hydrocarbon enrichment.gas reservoir features and major controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation have some differences in the main play strata,such as Longwangmiao Formation,and Member 4 and Member 2 of Dengying Formation.The gas reservoir in the Longwangmiao Formation is a lithologic gas reservoir under the tectonic setting,and the inherited paleouplift is a key for reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation.The gas reservoir in the Member 4 of Dengying Formation is mainly controlled by large structural-stratigraphic composite traps,and the gas reservoir in the Member 2 of Dengying Formation is the structural trap.Distribution of the large gasfields in the Dengying Formation is controlled by the intra-platform rift,near-source hydrocarbon-reservoir configuration controlled by the ancient erosion plane and stratigraphic sealing in the updip direction.For exploration and development of the Anyue gasfield,four series of technologies are developed,namely,reservoir seismic fine description technology,well logging fine evaluation technology of gas layers,fast drilling technology of complex stra

关键词： Anyue gasfield Dengying Formation Longwangmiao Formation gas reservoir feature Enrichment regularity Exploration and development technology

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Natural gas characteristics and gas-source comparisons of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation,Eastern Sichuan Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1458-1470页

作者： Zi-Yun Zheng Yin-Hui Zuo Hua-Guo Wen De-Ming Li Yang Luo Jia-Zhen Zhang Mei-Hua Yang Jian-Cheng Zeng State Key Laboratory of oiland gas Gelogy and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduSichuan610059China PetroChina southwest oil&gas Field company ChengduSichuan610051China

There is great controversy regarding the origin and source of natural gas in the Lower Triassic Feix-ianguan Formation in the Eastern Sichuan Basin.This seriously restricts the study of natural gas dy-namics in the Feixianguan Formation and thus hampers natural gas exploration in the region,so further study is urgently required.Using experimental tests of natural gas composition,stable isotopes,and noble gas isotopes with gas chromatography(GC)and mass spectrometry(MS)studies of source rock and reservoir asphalt saturated hydrocarbons,the natural gas geochemical characteristics,the genetic identification and a gas-source comparison of the Feixianguan Formation were studied.Then,con-strained by the thermal history,the histories of gas generation and expulsion were restored by basin simulation technology.Finally,a gas accumulation model was established for the Feixianguan Formation.The results showed that(1)the H_(2)S-rich and H2S-poor gas reservoirs of the Feixianguan Formation are distributed on the east and west sides of the Kaijiang-Liangping trough in the Eastern Sichuan Basin,respectively.The carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions of the natural gas in the gas reservoirs are generally heavy and have typical characteristics of high-maturity dry gas reservoirs.(2)The natural gas of the Feixianguan Formation is organic thermogenic gas,which is mainly oil-type gas generated by the secondary cracking of crude oil.The gas-generating parent material is mainly type II kerogen.(3)The natural gas of the Feixianguan Formation in the Eastern Sichuan Basin was mainly generated by argil-laceous source rocks of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation.(4)Natural gas accumulation occurred as follows:the paleo-structure heights were filled with crude oil in the Early Jurassic,and paleo-oil res-ervoirs were formed in the Feixianguan Formation;during the Middle-Late Jurassic,the paleo-oil res-ervoirs were cracked when the reservoir temperatures rose above 160 C,and paleo-gas reservoirs were formed.Since the end of the Late Jurassi

关键词： Eastern Sichuan Basin Feixianguan Formation Natural gas origin gas-source comparison Longtan Formation

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