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Stable hydrogen isoscape in precipitation generated using data fusion for East China

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2972-2988页

作者： Jiacheng CHEN Jie CHEN Xunchang John ZHANG Peiyi PENG State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China USDA-ARS Oklahoma and Central Plains Agricultural Research Center El Reno OK 73036USA southwest Research institute for hydraulic and Water Transport Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400016China

The stable hydrogen isotope in precipitation is an effective environmental tracer for climatic and hydrologic ***,accurate and high-precision precipitation hydrogen isoscapes are currently unavailable in *** this study,a data fusion method based on Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)is used to fuse the hydrogen isotopic composition(δ^(2)H_(p))of observations and isotope-equipped general circulation model(iGCM)simulations.A precipitation hydrogen isoscape with a temporal resolution of monthly and a spatial resolution of 50-60 km is established for East China for the 1969-2017 *** to building the isoscape,the performance of three data fusion methods(DFMs)and two bias correction methods(BCMs)is *** results indicate that the CNN fusion method performs the best with a correlation coefficient larger than 0.90 and root mean square error smaller than 10.5‰ when using observation as a *** fusion methods based on back propagation and long short-term memory neural network perform similarly,while slightly outperforming the bias correction ***,the CNN method is used to generate the hydrogen isoscape,and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the hydrogen isotope in precipitation are analyzed based on this *** generated isoscape shows similar spatial and temporal distribution characteristics to *** general,the distribution pattern of δ^(2)H_(p) is consistent with the temperature effect in northern China,and consistent with the precipitation amount effect in southern *** trend of the δ^(2)H_(p) time series is consistent with that of observed precipitation and ***,the generated isoscape effectively reproduces the observations,and has the characteristics of time continuity and relative spatial regularity,which can provide valuable data support for tracking atmospheric and hydrological processes.

关键词： Precipitation Precipitation isotope General circulation model Data fusion Dataset

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Implication of Water-Rock Interaction for Enhancing Shale Gas Production

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第7期20卷 1441-1462页

作者： Qiuyang Cheng Lijun You Cheng Chang Weiyang Xie Haoran Hu Xingchen Wang Shale Gas Research institute PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Evaluation and Exploitation PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Horizontal well drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing technologies are at the root of commercial shale gas development and *** these processes,typically,a large amount of working fluid enters the formation,resulting in widespread water-rock *** understanding such effects is required to optimize the production *** this study,the mechanisms of water-rock interaction and the associated responses of shale fabric are systematically reviewed for working fluids such as neutral fluids,acid fluids,alkali fluids and oxidative *** is shown that shale is generally rich in water-sensitive components such as clay minerals,acidsensitive components(like carbonate minerals),alkali-sensitive components(like quartz),oxidative-sensitive components(like organic matter and pyrite),which easily lead to change of rock fabric and mechanical properties owing to water-rock *** to the results,oxidizing acid fluids and oxidizing fracturing fluids should be used to enhance shale gas *** study also indicates that an aspect playing an important role in increasing cumulative gas production is the optimization of the maximum shut-in time based on the change point of the wellhead pressure drop *** important influential factor to be considered is the control of the wellhead pressure considering the stress sensitivity and creep characteristics of the fracture network.

关键词： Shale gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing working fluid water-rock interaction oxidation shut-in production system

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Exploring pore-scale production characteristics of oil shale after CO_(2) huff‘n’puff in fractured shale with varied permeability

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第1期11卷 194-203页

作者： Tianhan Xu Jian Wang Yuhao Lu Danling Wang Li Yu Ye Tian State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina institute for Carbon Neutrality Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Research institute of Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC(China)Co. LtdShenzhen518000GuangdongChina PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company Cangzhou062552HebeiChina

Recent studies have indicated that the injection of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))can lead to increased oil recovery in fractured shale reservoirs following natural *** advancements in understanding mass exchange processes in subsurface formations,there remains a knowledge gap concerning the disparities in these processes between the matrix and fractures at the pore scale in formations with varying *** study aims to experimentally investigate the CO_(2) diffusion behaviors and in situ oil recovery through a CO_(2) huff‘n’puff process in the Jimsar shale oil *** achieve this,we designed three matrix-fracture models with different permeabilities(0.074 mD,0.170 mD,and 0.466 mD)and experimented at 30 MPa and 91℃.The oil concentration in both the matrix and fracture was monitored using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)technique to quantify in situ oil recovery and elucidate mass-exchange *** results showed that after three cycles of CO_(2) huff‘n’puff,the total recovery degree increased from 30.28%to 34.95%as the matrix permeability of the core samples increased from 0.074 to 0.466 mD,indicating a positive correlation between CO_(2) extraction efficiency and matrix *** similar fracture conditions,the increase in matrix permeability further promoted CO_(2) extraction efficiency during CO_(2) huff‘n’***,the increase in matrix permeability of the core had the greatest effect on the extraction of the first-cycle injection in large pores,which increased from 16.42%to 36.64%.The findings from our research provide valuable insights into the CO_(2) huff‘n’puff effects in different pore sizes following fracturing under varying permeability conditions,shedding light on the mechanisms of CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery in fractured shale oil reservoirs.

关键词： Shale reservoir hydraulic fracturing CO_(2)huff‘n’puff NMR Production characteristics

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Application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to assess effect of conformance control treatments on water-injection wells

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 165-174页

作者： Hu Jia Pengwu Li Wei Lv Jianke Ren Chen Cheng Rui Zhang Zhengjun Zhou Yanbin Liang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Oil and Gas Technology Research institute PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Oil Production Technology institute of PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company

As an effective method to prolong the life of mature field, conformance control in water-injection well has been used wildly. Naturally, effect evaluation of conformance control has attracted great attention because it is an important guideline for the design of later enhanced oil recovery(EOR) plan. Usually,production responses such as excessive water reduction and oil production increment are widely used as the indicators. However, production responses may be unreliable due to the difficulty in determining an effective injection well which is caused by a large number of treated water-injection wells in a well group. Therefore, with the application of fuzzy comprehension evaluation(FCE), five evaluation indexes(injection pressure, injectivity index, slope of hall curve, variation coefficient and homogenization coefficient of injection profile) describe injection responses were selected to establish a new evaluation method in this paper. Based on fuzzy mathematics, FCE reflects the difference of evaluation ***, weights of evaluation indexes were obtained by analytic hierarchy process(AHP), which made the results more convincing. Taking Bai 239 oilfield as an example, the five injection responses indexes were used to assess treatment effect on five water-injection wells by single index evaluation and FCE. The results showed that among the five evaluation indexes mentioned above, the slope of hall curve was the most important factor affected evaluation result. In single index evaluation, opposite results may be produced easily on account of the one-sidedness of single index or human error. Furthermore, we found that effective treatment was a relative concept actually. The result of FCE was consistent with single index evaluation but FCE was more acceptable. This study suggests that FCE could be applied to another field such as water flooding, acidizing and hydraulic fracturing

关键词： Enhanced oil recovery Injection responses Fuzzy mathematics Analytic hierarchy process Effect evaluation

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An optimal flow rate allocation model of the oilfield treated oil pipeline network

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 93-100页

作者： Hai Li Tianyou Fan Kun Wang Xueyuan Long Yu He Meng Wang Wen Cheng Qian Huang Huirong Huang Weichao Yu PetroChina southwest Oil & Gasfield Company China Petroleum Planning & Engineering institute School of Petroleum Engineering Chongqing University of Science and Technology PipeChina Oil & Gas Control Center

Oilfield treated oil pipeline network is the link connecting the upstream oilfields and the downstream refineries. Due to the differences in operating costs and transportation fee between different pipelines and the fluctuation in the demand and sales prices of the treated oil, there is an optimal flow allocation plan for the pipeline network to make the oilfield company obtain the highest social and economic benefit. In this study, a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) model is developed to determine the optimal flow rate allocation plan of the large-scale and complex treated oil pipeline network, and both the social and economic benefits are considered simultaneously. The optimization objective is the multi-objective which includes the largest user satisfaction and the highest economic benefit. The model constraints include the oilfield production capacity, refinery demand, pipeline transmission capacity,flow, pressure, and temperature of the node and station, and the pipeline hydraulic and thermal calculations. Python 3.7 is utilized for the programming of the off-line calculation procedure and the MINLP model, and GUROBI 9.0.2 is served as the MINLP solver. Moreover, the model is applied to a real treated oil pipeline network located in China, and three optimization scenarios are analyzed. For social benefit,the values of the user satisfaction of each refinery and the total network are 1 before and after optimization for scenarios 1, 2, and 3. For economic benefit, the annual revenue can be increased by 0.227,0.293, and 0.548 billion yuan after the optimization in scenario 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

关键词： Treated oil pipeline network Flow rate allocation Optimal User satisfaction Economic benefit

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Investigation of pore structure alteration and permeability enhancement of shale matrix by supercritical water treatment after hydraulic fracturing

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 265-274页

作者： Yili Kang Peisong Li Wangkun Cao Mingjun Chen Lijun You Jiang Liu Zhehan Lai State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University institute of Engineering Technology PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary

Shale gas reservoirs are unconventional tight gas reservoirs, in which horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing are required to achieve commercial development. The fracture networks created by hydraulic fracturing can increase the drainage area extensively to enhance shale gas recovery. However, large volumes of fracturing fluid that is difficult to flow back to the surface and remained in the shale formation, will inevitably lead to damages of the shale formations and limit the effectiveness of *** water(SCW) treatment after hydraulic fracturing is a new method to enhance shale gas recovery by using appropriate heat treatment methods to the specific formation to convert the retained fracturing fluid into a supercritical state(at temperatures in excess of 373.946°C and pressures in excess of 22.064 MPa). An experiment was conducted to simulate the reaction between shale and SCW, and the capacity of SCW treatment to enhance the permeability of the shale was evaluated by measuring the response of the shale porosity and permeability on SCW treatment. The experimental results show that the shale porosity and permeability increase by 213.43% and 2198.37%, respectively. The pore structure alteration and permeability enhancement of the shale matrix were determined by analyzing the changes in pore structure and mineral composition after SCW treatment. The mechanisms that affect pore structure and mineral composition include oxidative catalysis decomposition of organic matters and reducing minerals, acid-catalyzed decomposition of carbonate minerals and feldspar minerals, hydrothermal catalysis induced fracture extension and cementation weakening induced fracture *** treatment converts harm into a benefit by reducing the intrusion of harmful substances into the shale formation, which will broaden the scope and scale of shale formation stimulation.

关键词： Shale gas Formation damage control Formation heat treatment Supercritical water

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Experimental study of the dissipation of supersaturated TDG during the jet breakup process

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第4期31卷 760-766页

作者： Hong-cheng Xue Qian Ma Ran Li Ming-jun Diao David Z. Zhu Jing-ying Lu State Key Laboratory of hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China southwest hydraulic institute for waterways Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400016 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Elevated levels of the total dissolved gas (TDG) may occur downstream the dams during the spill process to increase the incidence of the gas bubble disease for fish. With increasing numbers of cascade hydropower stations being constructed or planned, the cumulative effects of the TDG supersaturation become an increasingly prominent issue. Previous studies of the supersaturated TDG mainly focused on the generation process in the stilling basin downstream the dam while ignoring the saturation changes during the jet breakup process by assuming a 100% plunge-in-level. This assumption may lead to errors in the TDG generation predictions and the scientific assessments of the TDG supersaturation. Therefore, in this paper, physical experiments are conducted to analyze the dissipation of the supersaturated TDG in the jet breakup process, and to establish a quantitative relation between the initial TDG level and the detention time of the jet in the air. These results indicate how the supersaturated TDG generated by an upstream dam affects the TDG generation and provide a scientific support for accurate predictions of the supersaturated TDG generation for high dam spills.

关键词： Jet breakup total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation high dam initial saturation dissipation

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Flow variation and circulation process of saline springs in the Nangqen Basin， Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Jibin Han Jianping Wang Hongkui Ma Yongshou Li Zhao An Yong Xiao Wenhua Han Huaide Cheng Haizhou Ma Hongchen Jiang Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources， Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes， Chinese Academy of Sciences Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes， Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes， Chinese Academy of Sciences Qinghai Geological Survey Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering， southwest Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology， China University of Geosciences

There was limited knowledge about the flow fluctuations and cycling processes of saline springs in the Nangqen Basin in the Sanjiang tectonic zone. In this work， the flow variation of the saline springs during the wet and dry seasons were monitored using volumetric and cross-sectional methods， and the cycling process of the saline springs was quantitatively identified using the integrated hydrochemical and isotopic methods. The results show that most saline springs in the Nangqen Basin had significantly different flow rates， ion concentrations， and TDS concentrations. The ions mainly come from carbonate and sulfate minerals. There is no internal hydraulic connection between these saline springs， and the impact of seasonal changes on the flow is relatively small， indicating that the saline springs originate mainly from deep circulation. The recharge elevation of the saline springs ranges 3661–4990 m， with an average of 4100 m. The circulation depth of the saline springs ranges 240–570 m， with an average of 431 m. The recycle time ranges 1.15–30.86 years， with an average of 15.66 years. These results could provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of saline spring resources in the Nangqen Basin.

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Study on the Tidal Wave System and Formation Mechanism of M_2 Tide in the Taiwan Strait

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China Ocean Engineering 2008年第1期22卷 57-70页

作者：章卫胜宋志尧张金善张红贵孔俊王艳红 Nanjing hydraulic Research institute State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and hydraulic Engineering

To study the Taiwan Strait （TS）, an unusual sea area, the numerical model in marginal seas of China is used to simulate and analyze the tidal wave motion in the strait. The numerical modeling experiments reproduce the amphidromic system of the M2 tide in the south end of the Taiwan strait, and consequently confirm the existence of the degenerate amphidromic system. On this basis, further discussion is conducted on the M2 system and its formation mechanism. It can be concluded that the tidal waves of the TS is consisted of the progressing wave from the north entrance and the degenerate amphidromic system from the south entrance, in which the progressing wave from the north entrance dominates the tidal wave motion in the strait. Except for the convergent effect caused by the landform and boundary, the degenerate amphidromic system produced in the south of the strait is another important factor for the following phenomena： the large tidal range in the middle of the strait, the concentrative zone of co-amplitude and co-phase line in the south of the strait. The degenerate amphidromic system is mainly produced by the incident Pacific Ocean tidal wave from the Luzon strait and the action by the shoreline and landform. The position of the amphidromic point is compelled to move toward southwest until degenerating by the powerful progressing wave from the north entrance.

关键词： Taiwan Strait M2 tide tidal wave system amphidromic point formation mechanism

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Effects of Coastline Changes on Tide System of Yellow Sea off Jiangsu Coast,China

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China Ocean Engineering 2009年第4期23卷 741-750页

作者：陈可锋王艳红陆培东郑金海 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing hydraulic Research institute

On the basis of historical documents, this paper studies the evolutionary processes of the Jiangsu coast and re-estahhshes the positions of the shoreline in different periods. The East China Sea and the Yellow Sea mathematical models are applied to simulate and analyze the large-scale tidal waves changes under the influence of the coastal change in Jiangsu since 1855 when the Yellow River changed its lower course into the Bohai Sea. Results from this study can be summa- rized in the following aspects：（1） the coastline change strongly affects tidal waves in the region. Generally, the tidal amphtude decreases when the coastline changes in the north coast area of the abandoned Yellow River Delta, whilst increases in the south of this region. The maximum variation of tidal amphtude takes place near the Radial Sandbank. （2） Following the erosion of the abandoned Yellow River Delta in the past century, the non-tidal points of M2 and K1 partial tides move to southwest gradually. （3） During the early 20th century, with the coastline changing, tidal range decreased 30 - 60 cm. From the abandoned Yellow River mouth to the Lvsi Port, the maximum increase of tidal range can exceed nearly 150 cm. From the early 20th century to the early 21st century, the tidal range increases by 20- 50 cm outside the Radial Sandbank. Whereas, the tidal range reduced near the abandoned Yellow River mouth by 30 ~ 50 cm.

关键词： abandoned Yellow River Delta shoreline change numerical simulation the system of the Yellow Sea

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