检索结果-南通市图书馆

Impact of Land Use Changes on Surface Warming in China

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第3期22卷 343-348页

作者：张井勇董文杰吴凌云魏江峰陈佩燕 Dong-Kyou LEE Global Change System for Analysis research and Training/regional research Center for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Atmospheric Sciences ProgramSchool of Earth and Environmental SciencesSeoul National University Seoul 151-747Korea national Climate CenterChina Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Global Change System for Analysis research and Training/regional research Center for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Atmospheric Sciences Program School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 151-747 Korea School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0340U.S.A. Shanghai Typhoon instituteChina Meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030 Atmospheric Sciences ProgramSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 151-747 Korea

Land use changes such as urbanization, agriculture, pasturing, deforestation, desertification and irrigation can change the land surface heat flux directly, and also change the atmospheric circulation indirectly, and therefore affect the local temperature. But it is difficult to separate their effects from climate trends such as greenhouse-gas effects. Comparing the decadal trends of the observation station data with those of the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) data provides a good method to separate the effects because the NNR is insensitive to land surface changes. The effects of urbanization and other land use changes over China are estimated by using the difference between the station and the NNR surface temperature trends. Our results show that urbanization and other land use changes may contribute to the observed 0.12℃ (10yr)-1 increase for daily mean surface temperature, and the0.20℃ (10yr)-1 and 0.03℃ (10 yr)-1 increases for the daily minimum and maximum surface temperatures, respectively. The urban heat island effect and the effects of other land-use changes may also play an important role in the diurnal temperature range change. The spatial pattern of the differences in trends shows a marked heterogeneity. The land surface degradation such as deforestation and desertification due to human activities over northern China, and rapidly-developed urbanization over southern China, may have mostly contributed to the increases at stations north of about 38°N and in Southeast China, respectively. Furthermore, the vegetation cover increase due to irrigation and fertilization may have contributed to the decreasing trend of surface temperature over the lower Yellow River Basin. The study illustrates the possible impacts of land use changes on surface temperature over China.

关键词： land use change temperature surface warming

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Infrasound observations at Syowa station,East Antarctica:Implications for detecting the surface environmental variations in the polar regions

引用

Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第2期6卷 285-296页

作者： Yoshiaki Ishihara Masaki Kanao Masa-yuki Yamamoto Shigeru Toda Takeshi Matsushima Takahiko Murayama national institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology national institute of Polar research Research Organization of Information and Systems Kochi University of Technology Faculty of Education Aichi Education University Faculty of Sciences Kyushu University Japan Weather Association

Characteristic infrasound waves observed at Antarctic stations demonstrate physical interaction involving environmental changes in the Antarctic continent and the surrounding oceans. A Chaparraltype infrasound sensor was installed at Syowa station （SYO; 39°E, 69°S）, East Antarctica, as one of the projects of the International Polar Year （IPY2007-2008）. Data continuously recorded during the three seasons in 2008-2010 clearly indicate a contamination of the background oceanic signals （microbaroms） with peaks between 4 and 10 s observed during a whole season. The peak amplitudes of the microbaroms have relatively lower values during austral winters, caused by a larger amount of sea-ice extending around the Lutzow-Holm Bay near SYO, with decreasing ocean wave loading effects. Micro- baroms measurements are useful tool for characterizing ocean wave climate, complementing other oceanographic and geophysical data. A continuous monitoring by infrasound sensors in the Antarctic firmly contributes to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty （CTBT） in the southern high latitude, together with the Pan-Antarctic Observations System （PAntOS） under the Scientific Committee on Antarctic research （SCAR）. Detailed measurements of the infrasound waves in Antarctica, consequently, could be a new proxy for monitoring regional environmental change as well as the temporal climate variations in the polar regions.

关键词： lnfrasound Antarctica Microbaroms Environment Global network

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on growth performance,carcass trait,meat quality,and plasma metabolites in pigs of different genotypes

引用

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 435-444页

作者： Yingying Liu Xiangfeng Kong Guoli Jiang Bi'e Tan Jinping Deng Xiaojian Yang Fengna Li Xia Xiong Yulong Yin Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultryand Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-CentralMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of Sciences Hunan Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine research institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University southern research and Outreach Center University of Minnesota

Background： The protein/energy ratio is important for the production performance and utilization of available feed resources by animals. Increased protein consumption by mammals leads to elevated feed costs and increased nitrogen release into the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and plasma metabolites of pigs of different genotypes. Methods： Bama mini-pigs and Landrace pigs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups （Chinese conventional diet with low protein/energy ratio or national research Council diet with high protein/energy ratio; n = 24 per treatment） in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Blood and muscle samples were collected at the end of the nursery, growing, and finishing phases. Results： We observed significant interactions （P 〈 0.05） between breed and diet for total fat percentage, intramuscular fat （IMF） content, protein content in biceps femoris （BF） muscle, and plasma urea nitrogen （UN） concentration in the nursery phase; for average daily gain （ADG）, average daily feed intake （ADFI）, dry matter, IMF content in psoas major （PM） muscle, and plasma total protein and albumin concentrations in the growing phase; and for drip loss and plasma UN concentration in the finishing phase. Breed influenced （P 〈 0.05） growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, but not plasma metabolites. Throughout the trial, Landrace pigs showed significantly higher （P 〈 0.0_5） ADG, ADFI, dressing percentage, lean mass rate, and loin-eye area than did Bama mini-pigs, but significantly lower （P 〈 0.0.5） feed/gain ratio, fat percentage, backfat thickness, and IMF content. Dietary protein/energy ratio influenced the pH value, chemical composition of BF and PM muscles, and plasma activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and plasma concentration of UN. Conclusions： Compared with Landrace pigs, Bama mini-pigs showed slow

关键词： Dietary protein/energy ratio Growth performance Meat quality Mini-pig Plasma metabolites

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Re-evaluating the vertical mass-flux profiles of aeolian sediment at the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert, China

引用

Journal of Arid Land 2015年第6期7卷 765-777页

作者： XUE Jie LEI Jiaqiang LI Shengyu GUI Dongwei MAO Donglei ZHOU Jie State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Cele national station of Observation and research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Reliable estimation of the mass-flux profiles of aeolian sediment is essential for predicting sediment transport rates accurately and designing measures to cope with wind-erosion. Vertical mass-flux profiles from seventeen wind-erosion events were re-evaluated using five typical models based on observed data obtained from a smooth bare field at the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert, China. The results showed that the exponential-function model and the logarithmic-function model exhibited the poorest fit between observed and predicted mass-flux profiles. The power-function model and the modified power-function model improved the fit to field data to an equivalent extent, while the five-parameter combined-function model with a scale constant（σ） of 0.00001 m（different from the σ value proposed by Fryear, which represented the height above which 50% of the total mass flux occurred） was verified as the best for describing the vertical aeolian sediment mass-flux profiles using goodness of fit（R2） and the Akaike Information Criterion（AIC） values to evaluate model performance. According to relationships among model parameters, the modified power model played a prominent explanatory role in describing the vertical profiles of the observed data, whereas the exponential model played a coordinating role. In addition, it was found that the vertical profiles could not be extrapolated using the five selected models or easily estimated using an efficient model without field observations by a near-surface sampler at 0 to 0.05 m.

关键词： vertical profile mass flux aeolian sediment wind erosion Taklimakan Desert

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Spatiotemporal evolution of carbon sequestration of limestone weathering in China

引用

Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第6期62卷 974-991页

作者： Huiwen LI Shijie WANG Xiaoyong BAI Yue CAO Luhua WU State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Puding Comprehensive Karst research and Experimental station Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Carbonate carbon sequestration(CS) can aid in solving the problem of terrestrial residual carbon sinks and imbalances in the global carbon budget. Thus, complete understanding of the magnitude, spatiotemporal distribution, and evolution of this sequestration is highly desirable. On the basis of random forest regression and maximal potential dissolution model for carbonate, we estimated the CS of typical carbonate weathering in China from 2000 to 2014, that is, the sequestration of limestone weathering, using long-term ecologic, meteorological, hydrological raster data, and monitored data from 44 watersheds in China and surrounding regions. We extended our analyses by systematically exploring the spatiotemporal pattern and evolution trend of the flux and total sequestration. High levels of ionic activity coefficients of Ca^(2+) and HCO_3^- in limestone regions were observed to be mainly distributed in Northern and Northwestern China with a clear gradient from northwest to southeast. With a contrary spatial pattern, the annual average CS flux(CSF) of limestone weathering in China was estimated to be 4.28 t C km^(-2) yr^(-1), with high values mainly in the karst zones in Southeastern China. The mean CSF in different latitudes showed that southern China(south of 28.14°N) was the region with the largest interannual fluctuation of flux and CSF increases as latitude decreases. The mean CSF in subtropical and tropical(TR) regions was the maximum of all major climate types, and for the frigid(F), mid-temperate(MTE), warm temperate(WTE), and temperate(TE) major climates; the CSF in the desert(D)subdivided climate was the minimum of these climates. By contrast, the values in grassland(G) and broad-leaved forest subdivided climate were the maximum. The pixel-based trend analysis indicated that the CSF of limestone weathering in China was slightly increasing in the period 2000–2014 with a rate of 0.036 t C km^(-2) yr^(-1). Furthermore, the annual total CS was estimated to be 7.0

关键词： Limestone Chemical weathering carbon sink Spatiotemporal evolution Dissolution Random forest

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Global Water Vapor Content Decreases from 2003 to 2012： An Analysis Based on MODIS Data

引用

Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第1期27卷 1-7页

作者： MAO Kebiao CHEN Jingming LI Zhaoliang MA Ying SONG Yang TAN Xuelan Yang Kaixian national Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and research station Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Geography University of Toronto Toronto M5S 3G3 Canada School of Geographical Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China College of Resources and Environments Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China Department of Geography University of Cincinnati Cincinnati 45221 USA

Water vapor in the earth′s upper atmosphere plays a crucial role in the radiative balance, hydrological process, and climate change. Based on the latest moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) data, this study probes the spatio-temporal variations of global water vapor content in the past decade. It is found that overall the global water vapor content declined from 2003 to 2012(slope b = –0.0149, R = 0.893, P = 0.0005). The decreasing trend over the ocean surface(b = –0.0170, R = 0.908, P = 0.0003) is more explicit than that over terrestrial surface(b = –0.0100, R = 0.782, P = 0.0070), more significant over the Northern Hemisphere(b = –0.0175, R = 0.923, P = 0.0001) than that over the southern Hemisphere(b = –0.0123, R = 0.826, P = 0.0030). In addition, the analytical results indicate that water vapor content are decreasing obviously between latitude of 36°N and 36°S(b = 0.0224, R = 0.892, P = 0.0005), especially between latitude of 0°N and 36°N(b = 0.0263, R = 0.931, P = 0.0001), while the water vapor concentrations are increasing slightly in the Arctic regions(b = 0.0028, R = 0.612, P = 0.0590). The decreasing and spatial variation of water vapor content regulates the effects of carbon dioxide which is the main reason of the trend in global surface temperatures becoming nearly flat since the late 1990 s. The spatio-temporal variations of water vapor content also affect the growth and spatial distribution of global vegetation which also regulates the global surface temperature change, and the climate change is mainly caused by the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system. A big data model based on gravitational-magmatic change with the solar or the galactic system is proposed to be built for analyzing how the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system affects spatio-temporal variations of global water vapor content, vegetation and temperature at large spatio-temporal scale. This comprehensive examination of water vapor changes p

关键词： water vapor content climate change moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Local temperature and El Niño southern Oscillation influence migration phenology of East Asian migratory waterbirds wintering in Poyang,China

引用

Integrative Zoology 2017年第4期12卷 303-317页

作者： Fei XU Guanhua LIU Yali SI Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Jiangxi Poyang Lake national Nature Reserve Authority Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Research StationNanchangChina Resource Ecology Group Wageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands Center for Tropical research Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Temperature is a critical factor influencing avian phenology,due to its direct impact on food and water *** previous studies have focused on the timing of spring migration and the arrival of birds at breeding grounds along the European and American flyways;little is known about migration ecology at the wintering sites along the Asian *** linear regression models,this study investigates how local temperature variation and EI Niño southern Oscillation(ENSO)influences the arrival and departure timing of 9 waterbird species breeding in Mongolia or Siberia and overwintering in Poyang,China from 2002 to *** mainly arrive at Poyang in October and depart for their breeding sites in *** of the 9 species,6 show a strong negative relationship between departure time and overwintering temperature in *** dates also show a negative association with overwintering ENSO and March ENSO for two *** local and large-scale climate indices show no influence on the arrival timing of *** suggest that birds react to the annual variation of overwintering temperature:an earlier departure of waterbirds is facilitated by a warmer overwintering period and vice *** long-term accumulated temperature effect is more pronounced than ENSO and the short-term local temperature *** findings could help quantify the potential impact of global warming on waterbirds.

关键词： annual temperature variation arrival and departure time ENSO local accumulated temperature overwintering birds

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Population dynamics of four dominant copepods in Prydz Bay, Antarctica, during austral summer from 1999 to 2006

引用

Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第5期29卷 1065-1074页

作者：杨光李超伦孙松 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem research station Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Population dynamics of four dominant Antarctic copepods, Calanoides acutus, Calanus propinquus, Metridia gerlachei and Rhincalanus gigas were studied based on zooplankton samples collected in the Prydz Bay during austral summer from 1999 to 2006. We found that C. acutus was the most abundant species among these four copepods, followed by C. propinquus, M. gerlachei and R. gigas. R. gigas occurred mainly in the warmer oceanic regions and showed distribution patterns discrete from the other three species, whose distribution in the whole survey area overlapped. By December 15th （about one month before our sampling） of the years 1999, 2003 and 2006, sea ice retreated earlier and polynyas existed in the neritic region one month before sampling. These periods were characterized by numerical dominance of C. acutus, C. propinquus and M. gerlachei, elevated proportions of Copepodite I and Copepodite II stages especially in the neritic region. While for the years 2000, 2002, and 2005, the ice edge located more northerly and polynyas did not exist in the neritic region, the copepods abundance was lower, indicating poor recruitment. Population structure of R. gigas was mainly composed of advanced stages Copepodite V and female during all cruises. Log10 （x＋l） transformed densities of C. acutus, C. propinquus and M. gerlachei showed positive correlation with temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, while mean population stages of these copopods were negatively correlated with these environmental variables. Younger copepodite stages of C. acutus, C. propinquus and M. gerlachei appeared more often in neritic regions. We confirmed that the polynyas had a great contribution to phytoplankton blooms, which promote copepods reproduction and recruitment success. The study suggested that population dynamics of the four copepods have good correspondence with sea ice and polynya variations during all cruises of the Prydz Bay.

关键词： copepods population structure inter-annual variations Prydz Bay southern Ocean

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Influence of Evaporating Under the Clouds on the Precipitation Stable Isotope in the Transition Zone Between Tibetan Plateau and Arid Region of China

引用

Chinese Geographical Science 2023年第4期33卷 764-778页

作者： GUI Juan LI Zongxing DU Fa ZHANG Baijuan XUE Jian CUI Qiao Observation and research station of Eco-Hydrology and national Park by Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China national Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Consideration of stable isotopes in precipitation is valuable for investigating hydrological ***,correcting the measured isotopic composition of precipitation under below-cloud evaporation is *** accurate description of the underlying processes affecting stable isotopic composition of precipitation could help improve our understanding of the water *** transitivity between monsoonal and arid climates was reflected by the evaporation rate of falling raindrops in precipitation in the Qilian Mountains,a typical transition zone between Tibetan Plateau and arid region of *** 1310 precipitation event-scale samples,based on stable isotope analysis method,the mean below-cloud evaporation rate(f)in the study area was measured as 12.00%during the summer half-year(May-October).The evaporation rate on the northern slopes(12.70%)of the Qilian Mountains in China was significantly higher than that on the southern slopes(9.98%).The transition between monsoonal and arid climates was reflected in the evaporation rate of falling raindrops during precipitation in the Qilian Mountains of ***-cloud evaporation contributed to a noticeable enrichment of stable isotopes in the precipitation in the study *** monthly precipitationδ^(18)O enrichment rate in the Qilian Mountains of China from May to October was 29.18%,23.35%,25.60%,22.99%,31.64%,and 14.72%,*** every 1.00%increase in the evaporation rate of raindrops in Qilian Mountains of China,the changes in the concentration of oxygen isotopes from the bottom of the clouds to the ground increased by 0.92‰;however,with an evaporation rate of<5.00%,for every 1.00%increase in the evaporation rate of raindrops the changes in the concentration of oxygen isotopes from the bottom of the clouds to the ground increased by 1.00‰could also be ***,altitude was an important factor affecting below-cloud evaporation in the study area.

关键词： below-cloud evaporation stable isotopes transition zone Qilian Mountains of China

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Gut health,stress,and immunity in neonatal dairy calves:the host side of host-pathogen interactions

引用

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 49-63页

作者： Johan.S.Osorio dairy and Food Science Department South Dakota State University113 H Alfred Dairy Science HallBrookingsSD 57007USA

The cumulative evidence that perinatal events have long-lasting ripple effects through the life of livestock animals should impact future nutritional and management recommendations at the farm level. The implications of fetal programming due to malnutrition, including neonatal survival and lower birth weights, have been characterized,particularly during early and mid-gestation, when placental and early fetal stages are being developed. The accelerated fetal growth during late pregnancy has been known for some time, while the impact of maternal stressors during this time on fetal development and by extent its postnatal repercussions on health and performance are still being *** stressors during late pregnancy cannot only influence colostrogenesis but also compromise adequate intestinal development in the fetus, thus, that further limits the newborn's ability to absorb nutrients, bioactive compounds, and immunity(i.e., immunoglobulins, cytokines, and immune cells) from colostrum. These negative effects set the newborn calf to a challenging start in life by compromising passive immunity and intestinal maturation needed to establish a mature postnatal mucosal immune system while needing to digest and absorb nutrients in milk or milk replacer. Besides the dense-nutrient content and immunity in colostrum, it contains bioactive compounds such as growth factors, hormones, and cholesterol as well as molecular signals or instructions [e.g., microRNAs(miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)] transferred from mother to offspring with the aim to influence postnatal gut maturation. The recent change in paradigm regarding prenatal materno-fetal microbiota inoculation and likely the presence of microbiota in the developing fetus intestine needs to be addressed in future research in ruminants. There still much to know on what prenatal or postnatal factors may predispose neonates to become susceptible to enteropathogens(e.g., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli), causing

关键词： dairy calves Fecal RNA Neonatal diarrhea

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：