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A dynamic model for exploring water-resource management scenarios in an inland arid area: Shanshan County, Northwestern China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第6期14卷 1039-1057页

作者： CHEN Chao AHMAD Sajjad KALRA Ajay XU Zhi-xia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Southern Illinois University Department of water Resources China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

water scarcity is a challenge in many arid and semi-arid regions; this may lead to a series of environmental problems and could be stressed even further by the effects from climate change. This study focused on the water resource management in Shanshan County, an inland arid region located in northwestern China with a long history of groundwater overexploitation. A model of the supply and demand system in the study area from 2006 to2030, including effects from global climate change,was developed using a system dynamics(SD)modeling tool. This SD model was used to 1) explore the best water-resource management options by testing system responses under various scenarios and2) identify the principal factors affecting the responses, aiming for a balance of the groundwater system and sustainable socio-economic *** causes were identified as primarily responsible for water issues in Shanshan: low water-use efficiency low water reuse, and increase in industrial waterdemand. To address these causes, a combined scenario was designed and simulated, which was able to keep the water deficiency under 5% by 2030. The model provided some insights into the dynamic interrelations that generate system behavior and the key factors in the system that govern water demand and supply. The model as well as the study results may be useful in water resources management in Shanshan and may be applied, with appropriate modifications, to other regions facing similar water management challenges.

关键词： System dynamics water resources management Northwestern China water scarcity

Trace elements migrating from tailings to rock varnish laminated sediments in an old mining region from Nelson,nevada,USA

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第2期37卷 202-213页

作者： Douglas B.Sims Amanda C.Hudson John E.Keller Michael Strange Andressa Cristhy Buch David Ferrari Giavanna M.Fernandez Juan Garcia-Hernandez Bailey D.Kesl Sean Torres Department of Physical Sciences College of Southern Nevada University of nevada Fluminense Federal University

The dispersion and influence of soluble and particulate trace elements(TEs) present in the materials from abandoned mines is an imminent problem on terrestrial and aquatic *** goal of this research is to provide a broader view of such transport,assessing particle size distribution and TE interactions(e.g.,scavenging) with mine tailings and locally derived sediments transported by water in arid *** grains from wash sediment were collected from a dry ephemeral wash in Nelson,nevada where the Techatticup Mine and Mill worked between 1850 and *** were evaluated to determine the association and behavior of certain metals and metalloids including aluminum,arsenic,barium,cadmium,copper,chromium,iron,manganese,lead,selenium,vanadium,and zinc to rock varnish laminated *** show that some metals and metalloids were more concentrated on larger particles whereas others indicated the opposite *** example,As was greatest on silt fractions and least on coarse fractions,while Se was detected only on ***,Cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,and Zn concentrations all increased with decreasing particle size(silt> sand> coarse),whereas Al,Ba,and V showed the opposite trend(silt

关键词： Adsorption Metals Metalloids Mine tailings Particle size Transport

Imaging the western boundary of the Sichuan Craton from multiple geophysical observations

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Qihang Yin Xi Xu Xiaodong Yang Xuhua Shi Lei Wu Andrew V.Zuza Liu Yang Hefeng Tian Yuanhai Shu Shufeng Yang nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology， University of nevada China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources，China Geological Survey School of Earth Sciences， Zhejiang University Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins， Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology， South China Sea Institute of Oceanology， Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering， Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering， Hubei Open University

The boundary between the cratonic and orogenic lithospheres is one of the most significant seismogenic zones characterized by strong lithospheric deformation. As the essential tectonic block bounding the eastern Tibetan Plateau， the Sichuan Craton (SCC) resists the eastward escape of Plateau’s crustal materials， resulting in the uplift of the Songpan-Ganzi Block (SGB) and the crustal deformation of the Longmenshan tectonic belt (LMTB). To uncover the compressional structures and deformational mode of the LMTB and SCC， it is crucial to determine the precise location and geometry of the western boundary of the SCC. To address this issue， the lithospheric properties of the obduction SGB， the underthrusting SCC， and the LMTB were analyzed using a series of geophysical data， including seismic reflection profiles， magnetotellurics， aeromagnetics， gravity， and seismic tomography. The crust of the SGB is characterized by low magnetism， low seismic velocity， low resistivity and low Bouguer gravity， while that of the SCC features non-uniform high magnetism， high seismic velocity， high resistivity and high Bouguer gravity. The LMTB， as the boundary between the SGB and SCC， shows the geophysical characteristics similar to the SCC along the southern and central segments. The integration of all these geophysical observations suggests that the SCC’s western boundary follows the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault along the northern segment， without obvious underthrust. However， this boundary is located west of the Wenchuan-Maoxian fault zone along the southern and central segments， with distinct westward wedging/underthrusting. The irregular geometry of the SCC’s western boundary can further explain the variation in structural deformation along the LMTB. By comparing the differences in crustal thickness and lithospheric strength between the SGB and SCC， this study suggests that the varying crustal strength between tectonic blocks may be the controlling factor for the irregular geometry of the

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Major Ion Geochemistry of Groundwaters from southern nevada and Eastern California, USA

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2000年第1期19卷 1-22页

作者：周小平 KEVINH．JOHANNESSON 等 GroundwaterGeochemistryGroup HarryReidCenterforEnvironmentalStudiesUniversityofNevadaLasVegasLasVegasNevada89154－4009USA DepartmentofOcean EarthandAtmosphericSciencesOldDomini

The dissolved ionic constituents of groundwaters are, in part, a record of the minerals and rocks in aquifers through which the water has flowed. The chemical composition and association of these major ions in groundwaters have been used to trace groundwater flow paths and sources. In general, the chemical composition of water in carbonate\|rock aquifers is dominated by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate, whereas sodium, chloride, and sulfate can be dominant ions in the water that comes from volcanic aquifers or clay minerals. Since the \{1990’s\}, we have dealt with the geochemistry of groundwaters from more than 100 springs and wells in southern nevada and eastern California, USA for major solutes and trace elements. This paper compiles the hydrochemical data of major ions of these groundwaters. Based on major ion geochemistry, groundwaters from southern nevada and eastern California can be classified as carbonate aquifer water, volcanic aquifer water, and mixing water (either mixing of carbonate and volcanic aquifer waters or mixing with local recharges). Piper and Stiff diagrams of major ions have graphically shown the general chemical characteristics, classifications, and mixing relationships of groundwaters from southern nevada and eastern California.

关键词：地球化学地表水美国内华达州加利福尼亚矿物岩石水文化学

Genomic surveillance of nevada patients revealed prevalence of unique SARS-CoV-2 variants bearing mutations in the RdRp gene

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第1期48卷 40-51页

作者： Paul D.Hartley Richard L.Tillett David P.AuCoin Joel R.Sevinsky Yanji Xu Andrew Gorzalski Mark Pandori Erin Buttery Holly Hansen Michael A.Picker Cyprian C.Rossetto Subhash C.Verma nevada Genomics Center RenoNV 89557USA University of nevada RenoRenoNV 89557USA nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Microbiology&Immunology University of NevadaReno School of MedicineRenoNV 89557USA Theiagen Consulting LLCHighlands RanchCO 80128USA nevada Center for Bioinformatics RenoNV 89557USA nevada State Public Health Laboratory RenoNV 89503USA southern nevada Public Health Laboratory of the southern nevada Health District Las VegasNV 89107USA

Patients with signs of COVID-19 were tested through diagnostic RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 using RNA extracted from the nasopharyngeal/nasal *** determine the variants of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the state of nevada,specimens from 200 COVID-19 patients were sequenced through our robust sequencing platform,which enabled sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from specimens with even very low viral loads,without the need of culture-based *** genome coverage allowed the identification of single and multi-nucleotide variants in SARS-CoV-2 in the community and their phylogenetic relationships with other variants present during the same period of the *** report the occurrence of a novel mutation at 323aa (314aa of orf1b) of nsp12 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) changed to phenylalanine(F) from proline (P),in the first reported isolate of SARS-CoV-2,*** 323F variant was present at a very high frequency in Northern *** modeling determined this mutation in the interface domain,which is important for the association of accessory proteins required for the *** conclusion,we report the introduction of specific SARS-CoV-2 variants at very high frequency in distinct geographic locations,which is important for understanding the evolution and circulation of SARS-CoV-2variants of public health importance,while it circulates in humans.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Genome enrichment nsp12 RdRp orf1b 314

Metal-organic frameworks of lanthanide iminodiacetates and tartrates:Synthesis,structural characterization and luminescence properties——Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Academician Guangxian Xu

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第5期39卷 487-494页

作者： Melissa Fairley M.M.Varuni S.Livera Wanmin Chen Jorge H.S.K.Monteiro Adam Schmitt Ana de Bettencourt-Dias Sue Roberts Zhiping Zheng Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Chemistry University of NevadaRenoNV 89557USA

Two series of lanthanide-containing metal-organic frameworks(Ln-MOFs)of the general formula{[Ln(HIDA)_(2)H_(2)O]ClO_(4)·H_(2)O}_n(Ln=La(1),Nd(2),Eu(3),Gd(4),Tb(5),Eu:Tb(6);H_(2)IDA=iminodiacetic acid)and[Ln(TT)(HTT)(H_(2)O)_3]_n(Ln=Eu(7),Gd(8),Tb(9),Dy(10),and Eu:Tb(11);H_(2)TT=tartaric acid)were synthesized by reacting Ln(ClO_(4))_3 with iminodiacetic acid and L-tartaric acid,*** compounds were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray *** analyses are co nsistent with the corre sponding crystallographically generated *** reover,the luminescence properties of both the single and mixed-lanthanide complexes were *** infrared,red,and green emissions that are characteristic of Nd(Ⅲ),Eu(Ⅲ),and Tb(Ⅲ)are observed for 2,3/7,and 5/9,*** the two mixed-lanthanide complex systems 6 and 11,depending on the relative amount of Eu(Ⅲ)and Tb(Ⅲ),the color of emission can be *** is found that a small amount of Eu(Ⅲ)is adequate for the observation of the most intense transition of Eu(Ⅲ).This is believed to be a result of energy transfer from Tb(Ⅲ)to Eu(Ⅲ)within the same complex-a conclusion supported by the significantly shortened lifetime of Tb(Ⅲ)and the accompanying enhanced lifetime of Eu(Ⅲ)in the mixedlanthanide complex with respect to the corresponding values for the pure Tb(Ⅲ)and Eu(Ⅲ)complexes with the same ligand.

关键词： Lanthanides Metal-organic frameworks Luminescence Rare earths

Potential of rooftop rainwater harvesting to meet outdoor water demand in arid regions

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第1期10卷 68-83页

作者： Kazi TAMADDUN Ajay KALRA Sajjad AHMAD Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154-4015USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA

The feasibility of rooftop rainwater harvesting （RRWH） as an alternative source of water to meet the outdoor water demand in nine states of the U.S. was evaluated using a system dynamics model developed in Systems Thinking, Experimental Learning Laboratory with Animation. The state of Arizona was selected to evaluate the effects of the selected model parameters on the efficacy of RRWH since among the nine states the arid region of Arizona showed the least potential of meeting the outdoor water demand with rain harvested water. The analyses were conducted on a monthly basis across a 10-year projected period from 2015 to 2024. The results showed that RRWH as a potential source of water was highly sensitive to certain model parameters such as the outdoor water demand, the use of desert landscaping, and the percentage of existing houses with RRWH. A significant difference （as high as 37.5%） in rainwater potential was observed between the projected wet and dry climate conditions in Arizona. The analysis of the dynamics of the storage tanks suggested that a 1.0-2.0 m3 rainwater barrel, on an average, can store approximately 80% of the monthly rainwater generated from the rooftops in Arizona, even across the high seasonal variation. This interactive model can be used as a quick estimator of the amount of water that could be generated, stored, and utilized through RRWH systems in the U.S. under different climate conditions. The findings of such comprehensive analyses may help regional policymakers, especially in arid regions, to develop a sustainable water management infrastructure.

关键词： rooftop rainwater harvesting rainwater storage tank dynamics sustainability of outdoor water usage sustainability of water in arid regions best management practices in arid regions variation of rainfall under variousclimate conditions

From Swift to Mr. Ed： Comedic Representations of the Noble Horse in High and Low Culture

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2012年第1期2卷 233-241页

作者： John Esperian Christian Clark College of southern nevada Las Vegas USA

Few would deny the nobility of an animal which has played a significant role, historically, in the lives of humankind： the fabled unicorn, the Trojan Horse, and Pegasus, together with the Houyhnhnms of Jonathan Swift are testaments to the nobility of horses. In a modern context, Seabiscuit, Black Beauty, Silver, steed of the iconic Lone Ranger, and Tir na nog, from Irish folk tale history, have maintained the tradition of nobility. High comedic elements such as TV＇s Mr. Ed, Aspercel, from The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit （1968）, Ollie, of Laurel and Hardy fame, reincarnated as a horse, and Tir na nog, hiding in an elevator to avoid being apprehended by the law, help to complete the comedic portrait of equine nobility

关键词： Jonathan Swift Gulliver Mr. Ed Aspercel Seabiscuit Laurel and Hardy satire surrealism

Microbial dark matter coming to light: challenges and opportunities

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 12-16页

作者： Jian-Yu Jiao Lan Liu Zheng-Shuang Hua Bao-Zhu Fang En-Min Zhou Nimaichand Salam Brian P.Hedlund Wen-Jun Li State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las Vegas nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine University of Nevada Las Vegas

Microbes are the most abundant and diverse cellular life forms on Earth and colonize a wide range of environmental niches. However, more than 99%of bacterial and archaeal species have not been obtained in pure culture... 详细信息

关键词： BACTERIA