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New emergy indices for sustainable development

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第4期15卷 562-569页

作者： LUHong-fang LANSheng-fang LILei PENGShao-lin southchinainstituteofbotany ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650China. SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity Guangzhou510642China)

The emergy indices for the evaluation of system's sustainable development ability were studied. Results indicated that the emergy indices are simplified and merged, and a new emergy index for sustainable development(EISD) is deduced. Employing EISD, two cases are conducted. The first one is to compare three different dike pond agro ecological engineering modes, which are: melon melon cabbage four domestic fishes(mode Ⅰ), melon melon cabbage pig four domestic fishes (mode Ⅱ) and melon melon cabbage pig four domestic fishes combined with Siniperca chuatsi B. ( mode Ⅲ). The result is that the EISD of mode Ⅰ is 0.53. ModeⅡ's EISD is 5.26 times of mode Ⅰ, and mode Ⅲ's EISD is 6.83 times of mode Ⅰ. The second one is to evaluate the development of Zhongshan City, Pearl Delta, during 1996 to 2000. The result indicated that the EISD of Zhongshan had appreciably declined from 1996 to 1998, and quickly improved from 1998 to 2000, partly because of its environment protection and product construction. Both of the two cases studies showed that EISD can assessment the sustainable development ability more roundly, with the consideration of environmental impact and social\|economic effect at the same time.

关键词： indices emergy sustainable development

A New Anthranquinone Glycoside from the Seeds of Cassia obtusifolia

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2004年第12期15卷 1448-1450页

作者： ChuHuaLI XiaoYiWEI XuELI PingWU BaoJiangGUO CollegeofLifeScience SouthChinaNormalUniversityGuangzhou510631 southchinainstituteofbotany ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650

A new anthraquinone glycoside, emodin-1-O-β-gentiobioside 1, together with threeknown compounds, chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside 2, physcion-8-O-β-gentiobioside 3, andchrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside4 was isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Its structure was elucidated on the basis ofspectroscopic evidence.

关键词： Cassia obtusifolia Leguminosae anthraqinone glycosides emodin-1-Oβ-gentiobioside.

Soil Enzyme Activity Changes in Different-Aged Spruce Forests of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Pedosphere 2004年第3期14卷 305-312页

作者： ZHANGYong-Mei ZHOUGuo-Yi WUNing BAOWei-Kai southchinainstituteofbotany ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650（China） ChengduInstituteofBiology ChineseAcademyofSciencesChengdu610041（China）

Activities of selected soil enzymes (invertase, acid phosphatase, proteinase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) were determined under different spruce forests with restoration histories of 5, 13, 18, 23, 27 years and an old growth forest over 400 years old in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, and their possible use as indicators of ecosystems health were analyzed. Plots 10 × 10 m with 4 replications were established to investigate three hypotheses: soil enzyme activities a) would increase with the restoration process; b) would be greater in surface soils than at lower depths; and c)would be correlated to selected physicochemical properties. Results showed that as the forests developed after restoration,invertase and peroxidase activities usually increased up to the 23 year point. Also soil enzyme activities were associated with surface soils and decreased with depths, suggesting that in earlier restoration stages surface addition of organic fertilizer to soils might be more effective than additions at depth. In the 0-20 cm soil, there were significant correlations (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05) between some soil enzyme activities and some selected chemical properties. Therefore, temporal changes in enzyme activities should be included as an indicator when evaluating sustainable forest management practices.

关键词：磷酸酶过氧化氢酶转化酵素过氧化酶云杉林土壤酶

Effects of litter removal on plant species diversity: a case study in tropical Eucalyptus forest ecosystems in South China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 367-371页

作者： PENGShao-lin RENHai WUJian-guo LUHong-fang southchinainstituteofbotany ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650China.E-mail:renhai@*** ArizonaStateUniversityWest PhoenixAZ85069USA

The removal of litterfall in the Eucalyptus plantations in South China affected the plant biodiversity in these ecosystems was found based on the field observation and lab analysis. The protection times of species diversity of three Eucalyptus communities were different (Community Ⅰ with no protection, Community Ⅱ with 7-year-protection, Community Ⅲ with 35-year-protection). The total numbers of species in these communities (from Community Ⅰ to Ⅱ to Ⅲ) are 1, 6, and 17, respectively. The results showed that the protection of litterfall from being taken out of the ecosystem is important and can increase plant species diversity. This study combined biomass data, the chemical and physical properties of the soil, and the diversity of microbes in the communities. It is concluded that the mechanism of the effects of litter removal on biodiversity includes three factors: removing the suitable habitat of microbe and animal, decreasing the soil nutrient, and changing the special habitat for the germination and growth of invading plants. These results should have important implications for managing these Eucalyptus forest ecosystems in South China.

关键词： litter removal biodiversity Eucalyptus plantation South China

Variation analysis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus putative non-structural protein 2 gene and construction of three-dimensional model

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Chinese Medical Journal 2005年第9期118卷 707-713页

作者： LUJia-hai ZHANGDing-mei WANGGuo-ling GUOZhong-min ZHANGChuan-hai TANBing-yan OUYANGLi-ping LINLi LIUYi-min CHENWei-qing LINGWen-hua YUXin-bing ZHONGNan-shan SunYat-senUniversity Guangzhou510080China southchinainstituteofbotany GraduateSchooloftheChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650China GuangzhouInstituteofRespiratoryDiseases GuangzhouMedicalCollegeGuangzhou510120China

Background The rapid transmission and high mortality rate made severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) a global threat for which no efficacious therapy is available now. Without sufficient knowledge about the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), it is impossible to define the candidate for the anti-SARS targets. The putative non-structural protein 2 (nsp2) (3CL pro , following the nomenclature by Gao et al, also known as nsp5 in Snidjer et al) of SARS-CoV plays an important role in viral transcription and replication, and is an attractive target for anti-SARS drug development, so we carried on this study to have an insight into putative polymerase nsp2 of SARS-CoV Guangdong (GD) strain. Methods The SARS-CoV strain was isolated from a SARS patient in Guangdong, China, and cultured in Vero E6 cells. The nsp2 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo (pCI-neo/nsp2). Then the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo/nsp2 was transfected into COS-7 cells using lipofectin reagent to express the nsp2 protein. The expressive protein of SARS-CoV nsp2 was analyzed by 7% sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The nucleotide sequence and protein sequence of GD nsp2 were compared with that of other SARS-CoV strains by nucleotide-nucleotide basic local alignment search tool (BLASTN) and protein-protein basic local alignment search tool (BLASTP) to investigate its variance trend during the transmission. The secondary structure of GD strain and that of other strains were predicted by Garnier-Osguthorpe-Robson (GOR) Secondary Structure Prediction. Three-dimensional-PSSM Protein Fold Recognition (Threading) Server was employed to construct the three-dimensional model of the nsp2 *** The putative polymerase nsp2 gene of GD strain was amplified by RT-PCR. The eukaryotic expression vector (pCI-neo/nsp2) was constructed and expressed the protein in

关键词： severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus non-structural protein 2 gene three-dimensional structure

Accumulation of heavy metals in four grasses grown on lead and zinc mine tailings

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第5期16卷 730-734页

作者： SHUWen-sheng ZHAOYun-lin YANGBing XIAHan-ping LANChong-yu SchoolofLifeSciences StateKeyLaboratoryforBio-ControlSunYatsen（Zhongshan）UniversityGuangzhou510275China HunanCityCollege Yiyang413049China southchinainstituteofbotany ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650China

A field experiment was conducted to compare the growth and metal accumulation of Vetiveria zizanioides, Paspalum notatum, Cynodon dactylon and Imperata cylindraca var. major on the tailings, amended with 10 cm domestic refuse + complex NPK fertilizer(Treatment A), 10 cm domestic refuse(Treatment B) and complex NPK fertilizer(Treatment C) respectively, and without any amendment used as control(Treatment D). The results indicated that V. zizanioides was a typical heavy metal excluder, because the concentrations in shoots of the plants were the lowest among the four plants tested. The most of metal accumulated in V. zizanioides distributed in its root, and transportation of metal in this plant from root to shoot was restricted. Therefore, V. zizanioides was more suitable for phytostabilization of toxic mined lands than P. notatum and C. dactylon, which accumulated a relatively high level of metals in their shoots and roots. It was also found that I. cylindraca var. major accumulated lower amounts of Pb, Zn and Cu than C. dactylon and P. notatum, and could also be considered for phytostalilisaton of tailings. Although the metal(Pb, Zn and Cu) concentrations in shoots and roots of V. zizanioides were the lowest, the total amounts of heavy metals accumulated in shoots of V. zizanioides were the highest among the four tested plants due to the highest dry weight yield of it. The results indicated that V. zizanioides was the best choice among the four species used for phytoremediation(for both phytostabilization and phytoextraction) of metal contaminated soils.

关键词： Pb/Zn tailings heavy metals phytoremediation Vetiveria zizanioides Paspalum notatum Cynodon dactylon Imperata cylindraca var. major

Cloning and Expression Analysis of an XET cDNA in the Peel and Pulp of Banana Fruit Ripening and Softening

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2004年第3期46卷 355-362页

作者： LUWang-Jin RyoheiNAKANO YasutakaKUBO AkitsuguINABAt JIANGYue-Ming DepartmenDepartmentofHorticulture SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversityGuangzhou510642China FacultyofAgriculture OkayamaUniversityTsushimaOkayama700-8530Japan southchinainstituteofbotany TheChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650China

Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) is thought to be involved in fruit softening throughdisassembly of xyloglucan, which is the predominant hemicellulose of cell wall. To study the relationshipbetween fruit softening and XET during banana (Musa acuminata Colla cv. Grand Nain) fruit ripening, a fulllength cDNA (1 095 bp) encoding an XET, MA-XET1, was isolated from ripening banana fruit using RT-PCRand RACE-PCR (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) methods. Sequence analysis showed that the cDNAcontains 5' untranslated region of 66 bp, 3' untranslated region of 189 bp and ORF of 840 bp, encoding apredicted polypeptide of 280 amino acids, including DE|DFEFL motif, which is a presumptive catalyticdomain conserved in XETs. DNA gel blot analysis demonstrated that MA-XET1 is encoded by a multi-copyfamily in the banana genome. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that the level of MA-XET1 transcript in thepulp was undetectable, increased and decreased slightly at the preclimacteric, climacteric and postclimactericstages, respectively. In the peel, accumulation of MA-XET1 transcript was low, increased dramatically andthen decreased rapidly, at preclimacteric, climacteric and postclimacteric stages, respectively. Treatmentof fruit with propylene, an analog of ethylene, decreased the firmness and enhanced the accumulation ofMA-XET1 transcript in the peel and pulp. These results suggest that MA-XET1 is involved in softening ofthe peel and pulp during banana fruit ripening and its expression is regulated by ethylene at transcriptionallevel.

关键词：木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶 XET 香蕉果实成熟软化

Pollination Ecology of Caesalpinia crista （Leguminosae： Caesalpinioideae）

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2004年第3期46卷 271-278页

作者： LIShi-Jint ZHANGDian-Xiang LILin CHENZhong-Yi southchinainstituteofbotany TheChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650China No.1MiddleSchoolofGuangzhouRailwayCompany Guangzhou510600China

The flowering phenology, pollination ecology and breeding system of Caesa/pinia crista *** studied in Dinghushan Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China. The species started blooming in Februaryor March, then last till late April. It took about one week from first flower appearance to its full blooming,which lasted for 2-4 d. The pollen-ovule ratio was 18 000~500. The breeding system was self-incompatible,and protogynous xenogamy. Hymenoptera constituted the major group of pollinators. The pollination typeis ambophily, the species could be pollinated by wind if the pollinators were unavailable: this is the firstrecord of ambophily in the genus Caesalpinia. The floral structure adaptation to the pollinating behavior ofcarpenter bees was described. The influences of artificial treatments in pollination biological studies onthe flowering and fruiting of the plants were also discussed.

关键词：风虫媒繁育系统华南云实云实亚科生物学花粉传播

Study on activited oxygen and its protective enzyme system in rice anthers in relation to cytoplasmic male-sterility

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Chinese Rice Research Newsletter 1993年第1期1卷 6-7页

作者： CHENXianfeng LIANGChengye southchinainstituteofbotany AcademiaSinicaGuangzhou510650China

Recently, the potential toxicity of two oxidants which are produced by all aerobic organisms has been emphasized. These are superoxide anion O2^- and HaO2, Although these oxidants are probably not reactive enough to b... 详细信息

关键词：水稻细胞质雄性不育花粉囊活性氧保护酶相关性超氧化物酶歧化酶过氧化氢酶过氧化物酶丙二醛