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Modern microbialites and their environmental signifi-cance,Meiji reef atoll,Nansha (Spratly) Islands,south China sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 608-617页

作者： SHEN JianWei1 & WANG Yue1,2 1 Department of Marine Geology, south China sea institute of Oceanology Key Laboratory of Marginal sea Geology, south China sea institute of Oceanology and Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Department of Marine Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Guangzhou China Key Laboratory of Marginal sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology and Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Meiji (Mischief) coral atoll, in Nansha (Spratly) Islands, south China sea, consists of an annular reef rim surrounding a central lagoon. On the atoll rim there are either protuberant 'motu' (small coral patch reefs on the rim of atoll) islets or lower sandy cays that contain modern microbialite deposits on the corals in pinnacles and surrounding bottoms of the atoll. Microbialites, including villiform, hairy, and thin spine growth forms, as well as gelatinous masses, mats and encrustation, developed on coral colonies and atoll rim sediments between 0 and 15 m deep-water settings. The microbialites were produced by natural populations of filamentous cyanobacteria and grew on (1) bulbous corals together with Acropora sp., (2) on massive colonies of Galaxea fascicularis, (3) on dead Montipora digitata, and (4) on dead Acropora teres, some hairy microbialite growing around broken coral branches. This study demonstrates that microbial carbonates are developed in coral reefs of south China sea and indicates that microbial processes may be important in the construction of modern reef systems. The results have significance in the determination of nature and composition in microorganisms implied in the formation ancient microbialites, and permit evaluation of the importance of microbial deposits in mo-dern coral reefs and of 'microbialites' in biogeochemical cycles of modern coral reef systems. The re-sults also provide evidence of modern analogues for ancient microbialites in shallow-water settings, and combine with sedimentological studies of ancient microbialites to understand their controls.

关键词： Microbialite Meiji reef Nansha Island south China sea

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Acoustic-Physical Properties of Calcareous seafloor Soils and Their Significance in Engineering Geology

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China Ocean Engineering 2000年第3期15卷 361-370页

作者：卢博李赶先黄韶健 Open Laboratory of Marginal sea Geology and Paleoenvironment South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Laboratory of Marine Geology Environment South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

The basic features and acoustic-physical properties of calcareous seafloor soils in the tropic sea area are obviously different from those of sediments mainly composed of terrigenous materials in the south China sea. Generally calcareous soils, composed of carbonate particles of marine organism remains. have the characteristics of high water content, high porosity, low wet density, high sound velocity and greatly varied comprehensive strength. Recognizing the differences between calcareous soils and terrigenous sediments and engineering geologic significance of calcareous soils is crucial for seafloor geologic research and geotechnical survey for pile-jacket platform foundation design.

关键词： south China sea calcareous soil acoustic-physical properties engineering geology

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Fronts and surface zonal geostrophic current along 115°E in the southern Indian Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 1-9页

作者： HE Zhigang DONG Zhaoqian south China sea institute of Oceanology Guangzhou 510301 Polar Research institute of China Shanghai 200136

Altimeter and in situ data are used to estimate the mean surface zonal geostrophic current in the section along 115°E in the southern Indian Ocean,and the variation of strong currents in relation to the major fronts is *** results show that,in average,the flow in the core of Antarctic Circumpolar Current（ACC） along the section is composed of two parts,one corresponds to the jet of Subantarctic Front（SAF） and the other is the flow in the Polar Front Zone（PFZ）,with a westward flow between *** mean surface zonal geostrophic current corresponding to the SAF is up to 49 cm · s^-1 at 46°S,which is the maximal velocity in the *** eastward flow in the PFZ has a width of about 4.3 degrees in *** mean surface zonal geostrophic current corresponding to the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front（SACCF） is located at 59.7 °S with velocity less than 20 cm · s^-*** location of zonal geostrophic jet corresponding to the SAF is quite stable during the study *** contrast,the eastward jets in the PFZ exhibit various patterns,i.e.,the primary Polar Front（PF1） shows its strong meridional shift and the secondary Polar Front（PF2） does not always coincide with *** surface zonal geostrophic current corresponding to SAF has the significant periods of annual,semi-annual and *** geostrophic current of the PFZ also shows significant periods of semi-annual and four-month,but is out of phase with the periods of the SAF,which results in no notable semi-annual and fourmonth periods in the surface zonal geostrophic current in the core of the *** terms of annual cycle,the mean surface zonal geostrophic current in the core of the ACC shows its maximal velocity in June.

关键词： southern Indian Ocean Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal geostrophic current front

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High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun Young Choi Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

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Water transports through the four main straits around the south China sea

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第2期27卷 229-236页

作者：王庆业崔红张书文胡敦欣 south China sea Environmental institute Guangdong Ocean University institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

A quasi-global high-resolution HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is used to investigate seasonal variations of water transports through the four main straits in the south China sea. The results show that the annual transports through the four straits Luzon Strait, Taiwan Strait, Sunda Shelf and Mindoro Strait are -4.5, 2.3, 0.5 and 1.7 Sv (1 Sv=106 m3s-1), respectively. The Mindoro Strait has an important outflow that accounts for over one third of the total inflow through the Luzon Strait. Furthermore, it indicates that there are strong seasonal variations of water transport in the four straits. The water transport through the Luzon Strait (Taiwan Strait, Sunda Shelf, Mindoro Strait) has a maximum value of -7.6 Sv in December (3.1 Sv in July, 2.1S v in January, 4.5Sv in November), a minimum value of -2.1 Sv in June (1.5 Sv in October, -1.0 Sv in June, -0.2 Sv in May), respectively.

关键词： circulation volume transport numerical model south China sea

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Comparison of copper speciation in the Zhujiang River Estuary between summer and winter: implication for upwelling current

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第4期24卷 72-80页

作者： LONG Aimin CHEN Shaoyong YAN Wen TIAN Zhenlong south China sea institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

The contents of total copper, total dissolved copper, particulate copper, and free ion copper in the Zhujiang River Estuary were investigated in July 2002 and January 2003 respectively, and the spatial distribution trend of these species of copper were compared in two cruises. It was found that, in summer, the total copper content in the Zhujiang River Estuary increased with salinity, while the content office ion copper decreased with salinity. However, in winter, the contents of total copper and free ion copper both decreased with salinity. So, it could be concluded that, copper content and speciation in the Zhujiang River Estuary were regulated by other factors than runoffdiffusion such as upwelling current. In order to prove the spatial trend of rice ion copper content in the Zhujiang River Estuary, the cultivation of Dunaliella tertiolecta in waters obtained from sampling stations with different salinities was carried out, and the copper uptake by algae cells was measured then. It was found that, the cells＇ uptake of copper increased with rice ion copper, not the content of total copper.

关键词： speciation copper Zhujiang River Estuary

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A review of ENSO theories

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National Science Review 2018年第6期5卷 813-825页

作者： Chunzai Wang State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The El Nio and the southern Oscillation(ENSO) occurrence can be usually explained by two views of(i)a self-sustained oscillatory mode and(ii) a stable mode interacting with high-frequency forcing such as westerly wind bursts and Madden-Julian Oscillation events. The positive ocean–atmosphere feedback in the tropical Pacific hypothesized by Bjerknes leads the ENSO event to a mature phase. After ENSO event matures, negative feedbacks are needed to cease the ENSO anomaly growth. Four negative feedbacks have been proposed:(i) reflected Kelvin waves at the ocean western boundary,(ii) a discharge process due to Sverdrup transport,(iii) western-Pacific wind-forced Kelvin waves and(iv) anomalous zonal advections and wave reflection at the ocean eastern boundary. These four ENSO mechanisms are respectively called the delayed oscillator, the recharge–discharge oscillator, the western-Pacific oscillator and the advective–reflective oscillator. The unified oscillator is developed by including all ENSO mechanisms, *** four ENSO oscillators are special cases of the unified oscillator. The tropical Pacific Ocean and atmosphere interaction can also induce coupled slow westward-and eastward-propagating modes. An advantage of the coupled slow modes is that they can be used to explain the propagating property of interannual anomalies, whereas the oscillatory modes produce a standing oscillation. The research community has recently paid attention to different types of ENSO events by focusing on the central-Pacific El Nio. All of the ENSO mechanisms may work for the central-Pacific El Nio events, with an addition that the central-Pacific El Nio may be related to forcing or processes in the extra-tropical Pacific.

关键词： ENSO ocean–atmosphere interaction climate variability

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Synoptic-scale disturbances over the northern south China sea and their responses to El Nio

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第5期31卷 69-78页

作者： ZENG Lili LI Xixi DU Yan SHI Rui YAO Jinglong WANG Dongxiao SUI Dandan State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China south China sea Marine Prediction Center South China Sea BranchState Oceanic AdministrationGuangzhou 510300China

Using surface and aerological meteorological observations obtained at the Xisha Automatic Weather Station and three moored buoys along the continental slope, characteristics of the synoptic-scale disturbances over the northern south China sea （NSCS） are extensively studied. The power spectra of surface and aerological observations suggest a synoptic feature with a pronounced energy peak at a period of 5–8 d and a weak peak at 3–4 d. The standard deviation of the synoptic temperature component derived at Xisha Station from 1976 to 2011 indicates that the strongest variability normally exists in August all through the whole troposphere. At the interannual scale, it is found that El Nin o plays an important role in regulating the synoptic disturbances of atmosphere. The vertical synoptic disturbances have a double active peak following El Nin o condition. The first peak usually occurs during the mature phase of El Nin o, and the second one occurs in the summer of decay year. Comparing with the summer of developing years, the summer of the decaying year of El Nin o has more active and stronger synoptic disturbances, especially for the 5–8 d period variations.

关键词： northern south China sea synoptic-scale disturbances El Nin o aerological meteorological observation

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Coral reefs in the south China sea:Their response to and records on past environmental changes

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第8期55卷 1217-1229页

作者： YU KeFu south China sea institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China

This paper reviews both the recent and longer-term （Holocene） ecological history of coral reefs in the south China sea （SCS）. （1） Local ecological monitoring since the 1960s shows that the coral reefs in the south China sea have declined dramatically, reflecting the rapid decrease of living coral cover and the great loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae. Collectively, this has led to a significant decrease of annual CaCO3 production. Heavy anthropogenic activities and global warming are recognized as major triggers of the observed coral reef degradation. Observations show that the modern coral reefs in the SCS are a source of at- mospheric CO2 in summer. （2） Coral reefs of the SCS have been widely used to reveal longer-term environmental variations, including Holocene high-resolution sea surface temperature （SST） and abrupt climate events, millennial-scale E1 Nifio varia- tions, millennial- and centennial-scale sea level oscillations, strong and cyclic storm activities, East Asian monsoon intensities, variation in seawater pH, and recent seawater pollution. （3） Coral reefs of the southern SCS have experienced repeated epi- sodes of bleaching over the last 200 years due to high SST and intense E1 Nino events; coral reefs of the northern SCS suffered high levels of mortality during several abrupt winter cold-water bleaching events during the middle Holocene warm period. On average, recovery after the middle Holocene cold-bleaching took 20-30 years; recovery following other middle Holocene en- vironmental stresses took approximately 10-20 years. Such findings have significantly contributed to the understanding of the present ecological pressures faced by the coral reefs in the SCS, the histories of Holocene climate/environment changes, and the long-term models of coral reef responses to various past environmental changes.

关键词： coral reefs ecology environment climate Hoiocene south China sea

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Progress on shelf and slope circulation in the northern south China sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第5期61卷 560-571页

作者： Yeqiang SHU Qiang WANG Tingting ZU State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Influenced by the seasonally reversed monsoons, water exchange through straits, and topography, the shelf and slope circulation in the northern south China sea(NSCS) is complex and changeable. The typical current system in the NSCS consists of the slope current, south China sea warm current(SCSWC), coastal current, and associated upwelling(in summer) and downwelling(in winter). This paper reviews recent advances in the study of NSCS shelf and slope circulation since the 1990 s,and summarizes the roles of Kuroshio intrusion, the monsoons, topography, and the buoyancy effect of the Pearl River plume in the shelf and slope current system of the NSCS. We also point out some potential scientific issues that require further study, such as the dynamic connection between the internal basin and shelf areas of the NSCS, the persistence of the SCSWC in winter, the temporo-spatial characteristics of downwelling during winter in the NSCS, and its material and energy transport.

关键词： The northern south China sea Circulation Progress

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